Bringing Political Economy Back in

Like so many of the fields that have flourished in history departmentsin recent years, business history has an uneasy relationshipwith political history. When business history first emergedin the United States as a separate field in the 1920s, its foundersstressed the importance of lavishing on business records thesame reverence that political historians accorded the personalpapers of lawmakers. Only in this way, business historians assumed,would it be possible to convince other historians of the centralityof business leaders—and, more broadly, of economic institutions—tothe making of the nation. Much has changed since the 1920s. Yet the adversarial relationshipof business historians toward political history persists. Thismindset is evident     

Bringing Work Back in Islamic Ethics

Religion and work are seldom discussed. The two have caused scholars to question the religion’s role with work. This paper reviews research on the integrate between religion and work by examining issues of concept, definition, measurement, and reviewing research that examines the relationship of work and religion with respect to: different times, types of people, organize human interactions and sources of knowledge. We then discuss the methodological requirement for reintegrating work studies into social institutional theory and indicate what the conceptual payoffs of such integration might be. These payoffs include breaking new conceptual ground, resolving theoretical puzzles and envisioning the nature of new social institutions     

In the Name of Merit: Ethical Violence and Inequality at a Business School

Journal of Business Ethics - This study examines how meritocracy as a collective social imaginary promoting social justice and fairness reproduces class and caste inequalities and fosters ethical...     

"引进来"与"走出去"动态均衡发展探析

“引进来”、“走出去”战略是我国对外开放的两个方面,十七大报告提出把两者更好结合起来,优化利用外资结构,创新对外投资和合作方式,以促进我国经济可持续发展。但现有理论对“引进来”、“走出去”战略关系的认识存在偏颇,我国应改变目前“引进来”政策优于“走出去”的状况,大力发展“走出去”战略,保持两者长期动态均衡发展。     

中国收入差距中的机会不均等

本文使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据和基于回归方程的分解方法,将全国、城镇和农村地区的收入差距分解为源于环境因素的机会不均等、源于努力因素的收入不均等,以及源于运气和未知因素的收入不均等三大成分,研究结果如下。(1)2010—2015年,全国、城镇和农村机会不均等均经历了先上升后下降的过程,但出生时户籍的贡献度有上升趋势。(2)通过估算,2010年我国机会不均等为24.39%,2012年为28.04%,2013年达到峰值35.72%,2015年下降到30.56%,而如果不考虑党员身份、迁移两个努力变量以及环境变量与努力变量的交互影响,估算结果会被高估至少8个百分点;居住地、性别、出生时户籍是机会不均等的重要来源。(3)2010—2015年,农村机会不均等平均水平达到33.31%,高出城镇约8个百分点。其中,年龄与性别因素是导致农村机会不均等过高的原因,而居住地差异是城镇机会不均等的主要来源。基于此,本文建议从协调区域发展、完善就业公平竞争机制、加快户籍制度改革三个方面减缓机会不均等。     

Inequality and Competitiveness

This article suggests a theoretical exploration of possible relationships between several issues normally discussed separately: the long-standing capital/labour debate, the distinctions between popular capitalism (ie universal or very widespread shareholding) and stakeholding, poverty and inequality and the factors which promote productivity and competitiveness in firms. The author argues that the promotion of competition and its attendant increases in inequality are likely to reduce competitiveness.     

Inequality and entrepreneurial thresholds

We explore the relationship between inequality and entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on cross-sectional data from a largescale survey of the economic conditions of individuals across India, we develop a number of dimensions of inequality to explore empirically how inequality interacts with entrepreneurship, operationalized as self-employment or as employing other people. We find compelling evidence that there are thresholds to becoming self-employed, and even more so to assembling the combinations of resources and personal attributes required to become an employer. Greater inequality leaves more people unable to make the transition to self-employment, leaving casual laboring as the occupation of necessity. At the same time, inequality increases the number of employers in a society, by concentrating resources - particularly land and finance - enough for significant numbers of people to be able to cross this higher threshold. Lastly, greater differentiation into social or religious groups curtails the ability to cross either entrepreneurial threshold, presumably by limiting the extent and benefits of social networks of value for entrepreneurship.     

Inequality and Europe 2020

The European Commission put forward its strategy for the 2010–2020 period in its Europe 2020 Communication. Inequality should be seen as a cornerstone of both sustainable and inclusive growth. In fact, unequal societies are also more unstable societies (i.e. unsustainable) and more polarised (i.e. exclusive). The analysis of available data and the established consensus in the literature shows four main stylised facts.     

The Engines of Inequality

In Europe and in the United States, one of the legacies of the economic and financial crisis will no doubt be a high and particularly worrying level of economic inequality. Inequality has roots that go well beyond the 2008 collapse, but the stagnation that has followed it has made disparities in income and wealth more serious and more difficult to eradicate. The challenge now is to turn the injustice of current inequality into a theme of public mobilisation and political action.     

富士通集团：共创富足的未来

致力于“为地球和社会的持续发展做贡献”“FUJITSUWay”是整个富士通集团行动方针的核心内容,其明确提出了集团的存在意义、应重视的价值观和每位员工日常工作中应遵守的行为规范。其已成为富士通集团制定和实施战略的驱动力量,与整个集团的活动、事业方针、事业计划联结着。通过践行FUJITSUWay,富士通集团不仪在日本,并且在全球集团公司中共同开展CSR活动。     

我国城镇居民收入分配差距的实证分析

1978－1999年,中国经济高速发展,带动城镇居民人均可支配收入增长3倍以上,与此同时,收入差距也不断扩大。对改革开放以来收入分配进行了回顾,并作了国际比较。深入分析了城镇居民收入差距的成因和现状。     

论全球化经济的不平等性

传统的国际贸易理论和新制度经济学理论对国际贸易的趋势与格局有着截然不同的看法。本文以大量的南北差距和全球化经济不平等的事实为依据,验证了新制度经济学派的贸易理论,得出全球化经济具有不平等的重要结论。在全球化经济不平等的影响下,寻求适合自身的发展模式就成为发展中国家的一项尤为重要的任务。     

Myths and Facts About Inequality

Germany’s social contract, its “social market economy” for the past seven decades, has aimed at spreading wealth and providing a broad social safety net for all groups of society. Yet a defining feature of Germany’s new economy has been the sharp increase in inequality.     

论中国金融产品创新的制度约束

金融产品创新特别是金融衍生产品的引入,可以增加金融交易配置资源的迂回度,从而提高资源配置的效率。我国金融业在开放过程中能否具备后发优势,决定因素是金融机构的产品创新能力。但是,中国金融产品创新并不是一个纯粹的技术问题,市场规则、金融制度等方面的制度性因素压制了金融机构的产品创新能力,使得金融产品创新活动长期以来处于一种低效的“锁定”状态。创新中国金融产品的关键在于突破制度的障碍。