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1.
Zusammenfassung  Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein müssen sich dem globalen Wettbewerb stellen. Sie k?nnten ihre Ausgangsposition verbessern, wenn sie ihre Kr?fte bündelten. Wo liegen die St?rken und Schw?chen der beiden L?nder? Welche gemeinsamen Interessen sollten sie verfolgen? Welche Rolle spielen dabei Infrastrukturprojekte? Was l?sst sich politisch durchsetzen? Dr. Klaus Schrader, 46, ist Stellvertretender Leiter des Zentrums „Wirtschaftspolitik” am Institut für Weltwirtschaft in Kiel. Dieser Beitrag basiert auf einem Gutachten des Instituts für Weltwirtschaft für die Staatskanzlei des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, vgl. K. Schrader et al.: Neue Wege der Kooperation — Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg in einer gemeinsamen Wirtschaftsregion, Kiel 2008.  相似文献   

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Germany’s federal states employ more than a million civil servants, whose future pension claims are by no means financially secured. This will cause a considerable additional budgetary burden in the coming decades. The pressure thus created to reduce expenditure can be alleviated by setting up a pension fund. However, this requires that the capital market yield must exceed the annual adjustment rate of the civil servants’ remuneration. The contributions of the federal states to such a fund should ideally be financed from budgetary savings. If the necessary rules are complied with, future budgets can also be relieved, provided the contributions to these funds are financed — wholly or partly — by loans.  相似文献   

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Hüther  Michael  Vogel  Markus 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2021,101(6):439-445
Wirtschaftsdienst - Der Subsidiaritätsgedanke sollte von den politischen Entscheidungstragenden sowie von im europäischen Mehrebenensystem mitwirkenden Akteur:innen beachtet werden. Dazu...  相似文献   

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The municipal financial equalisation scheme in Hesse was reformed in 2016. This article discusses to what extent the new scheme levels the disparities between municipalities’ revenue-raising abilities and their financing needs. Special consideration is given to the financial grants paid to financially weak municipalities as well as the solidarity levy paid by financially strong municipalities. The new compensation tariff is a good compromise between efficiency goals and distributive goals.  相似文献   

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The debt brake for the German Länder, which forbids them from taking on new net debt beginning in 2020, has two major shortcomings. First, the Länder do not have tax autonomy. In fiscal crises, they can only adjust on the expenditure side, not on the revenue side. Given the fact that most expenditure is predetermined by law, in such a crisis, a balanced budget without new debt would hardly be feasible. Second, it is not taken into account that, in particular in small regional units, large investments can hardly be financed by current expenditure. Thus, there is a very high probability that at least some Länder will still take on new net debt after 2020 and, therefore, violate the rules of the debt brake.  相似文献   

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In Germany there is a political consensus that the economic and fiscal burden of the German reunification should be shared by all three jurisdictional levels of the federal system. According to existing law, the burden-sharing between the state and local authorities has to be confined to the excess burden which follows from the financing of the German Unity Fund as well as the integration of the eastern German states into the fiscal equalisation system. State and local authorities are in conflict with each other regarding an appropriate economic estimate of the excess burden to be caused by the fiscal equalisation system. Against this background, the paper estimates the average excess burden of the western German states as a whole as well as individual excess burdens of selected German states for the time period 1995 to 2009 by applying a multivariate data analysis.  相似文献   

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Due to large public deficits in the past, many German states face high interest payments in their budgets today. Therefore, a restructuring of this outstanding debt will be a major topic in forthcoming negotiations on the future design of the fiscal equalisation scheme. This article presents some proposals that are currently being discussed and calculates their redistributional effects between the federal government and the states. It is shown that all models would lead to a significantly higher burden for the federal budget. The only way to afford this is either to increase the value added tax rates or to keep the so-called solidarity surcharge that was originally introduced to finance transfers to East Germany.  相似文献   

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Döhrn  Roland 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2021,101(5):358-361
Wirtschaftsdienst - Im März 2021 legte der Arbeitskreis der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen der Länder die ersten Berechnungen zur Wirtschaftsleistung der Länder für 2020...  相似文献   

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Durch die rasche Verbreitung neuer Vertriebskan?le stellt sich die Frage, wie die Marketinginstrumente zur Steigerung des Vertriebserfolges optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden k?nnen. Bei der Suche nach einer effektiven Marketinglogik setzt die Oswald Nahrungsmittel GmbH in erster Linie auf eine Kombination von Zielgruppenorientierung und hybriden Vertriebsstrukturen — und hat beispielsweise so die Effektivit?t einer Direct-Mailing-Kampagne gesteigert.  相似文献   

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The exit of a member state from the eurozone is often depicted as a catastrophic event that would lead to uncontrollable havoc in the financial markets. In this contribution, an alternative scenario is developed based on a consensual understanding. It describes a multi-year transition period during which all member states’ payments were automatically realised on the basis of a basket consisting of the euro and the new currency. In the remaining eurozone countries, the relative weight of the euro would increase over time, while it would decrease in the exit state. The hope is that the possibility of a smooth exit path would increase the bargaining power to change the governance rules of the eurozone.  相似文献   

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Vor allem in Deutschland n?hrt das schwache Wachstum der Produktivit?t im Dienstleistungssektor eine allgemeine Wachstumsskepsis und den Glauben, Wohlstand entspringe prim?r der Industrie. Tats?chlich h?ngt die Produktivit?t aber von der gesellschaftlichen Wertsch?tzung, der Qualit?t und der Nachfrage sowie von den damit verbundenen Investitionen in den Kapitalstock ab, unter denen das Humankapital und andere Formen immateriellen Kapitals an Bedeutung gewinnen. So kann auch die reale Produktivit?t der Dienstleistungen weiter zunehmen. Ihre Wertproduktivit?t wird ohnehin steigen, solange die durchschnittliche Produktivit?t der Volkswirtschaft überhaupt w?chst.  相似文献   

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In view of the Russian annexation of Crimea and its ongoing efforts to destabilise Ukraine, political decision-makers in the EU and the US are considering economic sanctions against Russia. The article analyses whether the German economy would be affected by restrictions on trade and investment relations. As a result, German exporters would suffer from restrictions on business relations with Russia, but they would be able to compensate for possible losses. Russian gas export interruptions, however, would be a more severe problem. Due to Russia’s dependence on revenues from the export of natural resources as well as on technology imports from Western countries, the Russian economy would be hit particularly hard.  相似文献   

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According to current discussions, the German and European market for telecommunications is not as competitive as in the US or Asia. This paper shows — based on official data — that Germany has a high availability of broadband internet connections. It is not the availability but the usage that lags behind. Fixed telephone calls as well as broadband internet connections are rather cheap in Germany, but to be prepared for the digitalisation of the economy and society, more investments in infrastructure are needed. Surprisingly the US does have a higher number of network providers than Europe. What is missing in Europe is a provider that covers all countries of the European Union; current EBITDA does not show that the European market is too fragmented to make a profit.  相似文献   

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Begriffe wie Staatsbankrott, spekulative Attacke und Gef?hrdung des Euro werden im Zusammenhang mit den offensichtlichen Schuldenproblemen einiger Eurol?nder genannt. Sie sind aber ungenau. Für eine Analyse m?glicher Wirkungen des EU/IWF-Rettungsschirms und dessen aktuell diskutierter Ausweitung ist eine genaue Defi nition erforderlich. Ergebnis der folgenden Analyse ist: Spekulative Attacken auf Staatsanleihen k?nnten durch den Rettungsschirm durchaus abgewehrt werden — allerdings m?glicherweise einhergehend mit einer Abwertung des Euro.  相似文献   

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