Employee stock ownership and job attitudes: Does culture matter?

The large majority of the existing research on the attitudinal effects of employee stock ownership is Anglo-Saxon by nature. Considering that the cultural relativity of management practices is largely documented in the cross-cultural management literature, the international external validity of existing evidence can be questioned. Since virtually no past studies have addressed this issue, it seems important to wonder to what extent cultural values determine the attitudinal effects of employee stock ownership. According to the Lytle et al. [Lytle, A. L., Brett, J. M., Barsness, Z. I., Tinsley, C. H., & Janssens, M., (1995). A paradigm for confirmatory cross–cultural research in organizational behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 167–214] paradigm, four cultural dimensions have been identified as likely moderators of the employee ownership–attitudes relationships and some theoretical propositions have been generated. Finally, some adaptations in the employee stock ownership plan's design and communication are recommended in order to improve its attitudinal effects in different cultural settings.     

国有上市公司金字塔股权结构与公司价值

金字塔结构能一定程度减少政治目标的束缚,寻求高回报的投资项目。但如果控制性股东在上市公司中现金流权比例较少,则会倾向于选择收益不高的项目,从而导致上市公司的价值损失增加。     

The role of ownership structure in integrated reporting policies

Integrated reporting (IR) is used to demonstrate a firm's capacity to create value in the short, medium, and long term. It can better represent existing relationships between the company and its stakeholders, with a particular focus on investors. Attention to IR has grown considerably in recent years. However, studies on the determinants of IR quality are still limited. This study aims to bridge this literature gap by being the first study to analyse the role of ownership structure in IR context. To this end, it uses agency theory and is based on a sample of 152 international companies that have adopted IR. The results indicate a positive effect of institutional ownership and a negative effect of ownership concentration, managerial ownership and state ownership on the quality of integrated reports. These results are also consistent with the level of alignment of integrated reports with the <IR> framework. To our knowledge, this is the first study that analyses the role of ownership structure in the IR policies.     

中国上市公司的股权结构：成因与影响

股权结构对公司绩效、治理模式具有重要的影响。影响一国公司股权结构的因素是多方面的,但证券市场监管水平的差异和对中小投资者的法律保护程度差异是主要的因素。当前中国上市公司股权结构、证券监管及法律环境造成了公司治理及绩效中的诸多问题,特别是控股股东对外部投资者利益的侵害。本文对这些问题进行了研究和探讨,并提出了相应的改善措施。     

私立大专院校会计师选任模式与审计质量之探讨

私立大专院校委托会计师查核签证财务报表已行之多年，会计师选任模式也一再变动，会计师事务所是否提供更好的审计质量不得而知，而且五大会计师事务所在私校审计市场是否维持高审计质量，亦为值得关切的议题。本文以台湾私立大专院校为研究对象，针对“教育部”委托会计师项目查核私立大专院校，并依“教育部”是否补助审计公费将会计师选任模式分为自选（“教育部”补助半数审计公费）、公开招标指派（全数补助）及自选（不补助审计公费）三种选任模式下追行探讨，寻找会计师选任模式与审计质量间的关联性。本研究实证结果发现：（1）五大会计师事务所查核学校的盈余管理程度比非五大查核学校低，意味着高审计质量查核人员的专业能力较强并具有超然独立性，可阻止或降低盈余管理；（2）在2004年度自行遴选（“教育部”不补助审计公费）会计师事务所模式下，依私立大学体系、私立技职体系或私立大专院校三种分类其整体盈余管理程度皆较低，整体审计质量较高。本研究结果为非营利组织及“教育部”在选任会计师或制定相关政策时提供参考。     

协调CPA职业界与法律界对CPA审计法律责任的判定

如何判定CPA的审计法律责任,CPA职业界与法律界一直存在着不同的认识。主要分歧有:CPA过失及其程度的判断标准,“相对保证”与“绝对保证”之争。本文在分析CPA职业界与法律界分歧的基础上,对CPA审计法律责任的判定提出了看法,认为应综合考虑审计过程和审计结果判定CPA的法律责任。     

股权结构对上市公司绩效的影响

文章总结了国外的研究成果,说明股权结构是通过影响公司治理机制来影响公司的业绩,并分析了中国上市公司股权结构的缺陷与成因,以及中国上市公司治理机制的缺陷,同时提出了改善治理绩效的对策。     

Foreign ownership,human capital,and the structure of wages in Japan

We examine the differences in the structure of wages between domestic and foreign-owned establishments in Japan. We use high-quality datasets from the Japanese government and construct a large employer–employee matched database consisting of 1 million workers in 1998. Our results confirm that foreign-owned establishments in Japan pay higher wages. We estimate that one percentage increase in foreign-ownership share of equity raises wages by 0.3%. We surmise that this foreign-ownership wage premium can be explained, at least in part, by compensating wage differentials. Workers in foreign-owned establishments are not protected by lifetime employment. They receive higher compensation for being exposed to higher risk and forfeiting their employment security. We also find that in foreign-owned establishments, wages are determined more by general skills, and less by firm-specific skills. These effects become more pronounced among establishments with a higher share of foreign ownership. The gender wage gap is considerably smaller among foreign establishments. Given the lack of long-term prospects for women in the Japanese labor market, foreign-owned establishments may be one source of ‘brain drain’ for highly skilled women there.     

中小企业板信息披露制度探索 --股权结构角度的分析

中小企业板上市公司股权高度集中且存在自然人“一股独大”的现象,这种股权结构比主板上市公司更容易引发控制性股东侵害中小股东利益的事件。而目前中小企业板信息披露制度基本上沿用了主板市场的披露制度,有必要对现存的披露制度进一步完善,使之适应中小企业上市公司的股权特征。     

基子中国股票市场审计师变更与审计意见购买的实证分析

上市公司通过变更审计师进行审计意见购买的行为，一直受到监管部门和学术界的高度关注。本文利用1995年到2005年间中国A股上市公司审计意见和审计师变更的宏观数据，在将非标准无保留审计意见细分后，通过ARMA模型对上市公司变更审计师进行审计意见购买的潜在原因和实现情况进行Granger因果关系检验。研究结论表明：只有收到带解释说明段的保留意见、无法表示意见及否定意见才会引起上市公司变更审计师，而且，这些上市公司可以通过变更审计师实现审计意见购买。     

Analyst following,financial constraint,and audit opinion shopping: From the perspective of earning management

This study examines the relationships among analyst following, financial constraint, and audit opinion shopping from the perspective of earnings management, taking a sample of Chinese A-share firms from 2008 to 2018. We find that analyst following alleviates firm's accrued earnings management activities which restrain opinion shopping behaviors; on the other hand, it prompts real earnings management activities that encourage firm's effort to audit opinion shopping. Earnings management has a mediation effect on the positive association between analyst following and audit opinion shopping. Corporate financial constraint amplifies the positive effect of analyst following on opinion shopping.     

所有权结构、审计需求与国际四大的产品差异性

本文力图从理论上论证并从经验上检验企业所有权结构对国际四大提供差异性产品的行为的影响。研究发现:(1)第一大股东持股比例小于50%的情况下,品牌事务所能获取品牌溢价,同时,第一大股东持股比例越高(越低),品牌事务所能获取的品牌溢价越小;(2)第一大股东持股比例大于50%的情况下,品牌事务所无法获取品牌溢价。研究还表明,国际四大的产品差异性应该不是一个绝对化的概念,判断国际四大的审计质量应将需求方的相关特征考虑进去。     

The influence of ownership structure and board independence on the cost of debt in BRIC countries

Agency theory predicts that the default premium on debt is determined by the intensity of agency conflicts since they affect the risk of debtholders. This effect is especially important in emerging countries with high ownership concentration and low protection of minority owners. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the influence of ownership structure and board independence on the cost of debt in BRIC countries over the period 2007–2020. The main finding of the study is the presence of significant country-specific effects of ownership structure on the cost of debt measured with the G-spread on corporate bonds, as well as the absence of effects of board independence. According to our results, concentrated ownership and state ownership increase the cost of debt in Brazil and Russia, while decreasing it in China. We reveal that institutional investors help mitigate the risks of debtholders in China, while insider ownership decreases the default risk in Brazil.