Rural development: Putting theory into practice

In this article the whole question of rural development, what it means and who it benefits, is critically examined and special emphasis is placed on the type of research that is required in respect of designing appropriate development systems. Attention is drawn to the value of action research and to the importance of involving the local people in the preparation of any land use plans. Reference is made to a model for the modernization of traditional agriculture that has been tested and proven to be successful in Israel. Finally, it is concluded that action research conducted amongst rural communities is the only realistic means of generating practically relevant theory.     

Putting the social into urban regeneration policy

Urban regeneration is a policy area which has been dominated by property development and economic forces, and is therefore relatively ignored as an element of social policy. Social regeneration, meaning the improved and appropriate delivery of welfare services in poor neighbourhoods and the empowerment of local communities in regeneration processes, has never been a prominent feature. Social regeneration came briefly onto the policy agenda in the late 1960s and early 1970s but largely withered away in the welfare crisis and the Thatcherite decade. In recent years a revived movement for social regeneration has emerged, which is having some impact on policy. This article reviews the emergence of this movement and the changing policy contexts, arguing that practical and conceptual tools may now have been developed to support successful social regeneration.     

Putting community participation into development work: The difficult case of Winterveld

Community development in impoverished homeland communities like Winterveld is an important priority in this era of transition. Yet, it is rarely effective and self‐sustaining. Government, parastatals, NGOs and international development agencies have all tried to initiate their own versions of community development, but most have failed to get the full participation of the community as an equal and active partner. A community development project should not be seen as an end in itself, but as a means of promoting the development of local communities into key agents with control over their own lives. Before embarking on community capacity‐building exercises, development agencies will have to take more time and effort to understand, respect, and root their work in the experiences and expectations of community members.     

对金融深化理论与实践的探讨

自从20世纪70年代初美国经济学家麦金农(RonaldMckin-non)和肖(EdwardShaw)提出金融深化以来,该理论逐渐发展成为发展经济学的重要组成部分,并对广大发展中国家的经济实践产生了巨大的影响。本文在对金融深化理论进行综述和评价的基础上,结合发展中国家特别是中国的金融改革实践,对金融深化理论和实现路径提出了一些看法。     

转型期社会主义核心价值观建构的理论意义和实践价值

当前,我国正处在一个以社会主义市场经济体制的建立为中介的从传统社会向现代社会转型的关键时期。它既导致了社会物质层面的深刻巨变,又导致了人们思想文化和价值观念的深层碰撞。既导致了人们价值比较选择和整合上的困难以及价值追求上的困惑、疑虑和迷惘,又激发了人们对新的价值体系和社会主流价值观探求的热情。为有效统一思想,凝聚人心,必须建构一种新的适应现代市场经济需要的社会核心价值体系。因此,探寻并建构转型期的核心价值观就成为一种理论期盼,也成为一种现实祈求。     

区域产业竞争力评价模型初探

区域产业竞争力是区域的特定产业在市场上的表现或地位。区域产业竞争力的评价包括两个方面:区域内产业竞争力评价和区域间产业竞争力评价。文章探讨了区域产业竞争力的评价模型,并且用实例进行了验证。     

Rebuilding inner cities: Basic principles

Conclusion In summary, Porter’s concepts offer a welcome framework for improving the business vitality of inner-city areas. He does this by highlighting the natural advantages such areas enjoy, and by offering empirically based advice about which firms could do well in areas others have given up for lost. Undoubtedly his concepts will have a major impact upon how we think about, and carry out, economic development in central cities.     

国内企业知识管理实践的问题探讨

如果我们关注一下当前知识管理在我国企业中的推进情况,就会发现,即使是国内最早重视并实施知识管理的一些企业,如联想、中国惠普等,在知识管理过程中,仍然是处于探索阶段,而且其所总结的技术方法还有待实践的进一步证明。这些企业已经取得的成绩与知识管理的最终使命相比,还存     

Sustainable livelihood principles and urban greening in informal settlements in practice: A case of Zandspruit informal settlement,South Africa

This article looks to investigate the practice of using the ‘sustainable livelihood approach’ in a multifaceted urban greening project, Trees for Homes. The urban greening project was implemented to improve the quality of life and help marginalised citizens of an informal settlement in South Africa to adapt to climate variability through tree planting. We explored the actual execution of the independent techniques being utilised in the implementation of the Trees for Homes project and how it can promote sustainable livelihood objectives in the Zandspruit informal settlement in South Africa. Using a qualitative approach, the study was able to effectively apply sustainable livelihood principles. It was also found, however, that the multi-level principle was limited by the lack of political muscle which is endemic to many disempowered poor citizens of developing economies. Although the project was successful in many ways, political vulnerability within the development cycle threatens the longer term sustainability of the project outcomes.     

“入世”一年中国经济变化评估

机遇篇 从各种经济信息的定量分析和定性分析看,中国经济在入世后的一年内以更快的速度、更高的质量,向着集约化、规模化发展.中国经济在全球经济一体化中崭露头角,前途充满希望.     

高速公路建设项目社会后评价初探

本文在论述了高速公路建设项目社会后评价的概念和特点的基础上,对高速公路建设项目社会后评价的主要内容、方法进行了研究探讨,对完善我国高速公路建设项目后评价工作内容具有一定指导意义。     

From theory into practice? Restructuring and dynamism in transition economies

This paper draws on microeconomic, industry-level, and macroeconomicevidence to investigate the mechanisms of enterprise restructuringin transition economies, its outcomes in terms of industry-levelexport performance, and its interaction with macroeconomic policyand constraints. The aim is to throw light on the process bywhich catch-up is taking place in the leading transition economies.We begin at the micro level and find that institutional changeshave produced improvements in performance more or less in linewith theoretical predictions. Variation in the extent of policychanges helps to account for cross-country differences in restructuringbehaviour. In the leading transition countries where growthhas been under way for a number of years, many features of theenterprise sector differentiate it from that of an advancedmarket economy. To measure the extent of catch-up associatedwith the reforms, use is made of detailed information aboutthe quality of goods traded on the EU market. In the final section,the inclusion of macroeconomic constraints allows distinctivetransition paths to catching up in the Visegrad countries tobe identified.     

中小企业资信评估指标体系探讨

自20世纪初美国穆迪公司建立了世界上第一家资信评级机构以来，企业资信评级在增强企业信用意识，提高投资透明度，促使金融市场向规范化发展等方面起到了非常重要的作用。就我国的上市公司和民营企业而言，由于在信用管理制度，财务的公开性，财务制度的规范性，资信评估指标体系数据的来源等方面建设与国际先进水平差距较大，因此在其资信评估过程中更需要结合实际的国情，构建有效的资信评估指标体系。     

深圳车险公估行业的发展危机初探

我国的车险公估行业发源于深圳特区,目前发展迅速,但是,深圳乃至全国的公估行业都正面临法律地位的缺失、专业人才的匮乏以及日益偏离公正权威的社会形象等问题的困扰,致使车险公估业正逐步失去其核心价值,若不及时进行调整,未来不久将出现发展危机。     

电力营销稽查考核评价指标体系的构建探究

电力营销稽查考核评价指标体系的构建是营销稽查考核评价的基础和关键,对考核营销稽查工作管理目标能否顺利实现有着重要意义。依据指标体系的构建思路,从影响营销稽查工作目标实现的各种因素入手,建立了包括3个一级指标,11个二级指标和22个三级指标的电力营销稽查考核评价指标体系,并利用AHP进行赋权并进行一致性检验,确定了具体的指标计量和修正方法,最终形成了一套具有一定实用价值的考核评价方案。     

Putting trained labour power to work: the dilemma of education and employment

Demographic factors and educational changes are producing, in many less developed countries, a "pushdown effect" in which recent graduates are forced to take jobs that would earlier have been filled by those with less education. In Indonesia, for example, 1990 senior high school graduates will have to take jobs that were filled by junior high school graduates in 1980 as a result of increases in the supply of educated manpower. While the increase in employment positions in Indonesia is under 5%/year, the number of graduates from junior high school, senior high school, and universities is exceeding this increase. Each year, there is an excess of 2.60 junior high school graduates and 3.83 senior high school graduates/1000 labor force in terms of availability of the types of jobs filled by people with these educational qualifications in 1980. The pushdown effect has further resulted in a fall in the educational differential of income. Between 1976-86, earnings for employees with less than a primary school education quintupled while those for employees with college degrees did not even triple. The presence of large numbers of disillusioned, overqualified workers in the labor force is a potential source of social unrest and there is a need for serious attention to the changing relationship of job and educational status. Possible solutions to this discrepancy include: expansion of the economy; restructuring of economic workers; reorientation of the educational system to enhance the productivity of graduates; raising the status of employment in agriculture and rural small industry; and acceptance by the labor force that the pushdown effect is an inevitable stage of the development process.     

从威权走向民主：中国民主政治的新契机

从威权体制平和过渡到民主,发展中国特色社会主义民主政治已成为历史必然。从历史的角度探讨威权体制的概念及其特征,分析民主政治的价值与功能,坚定不移地发展社会主义民主政治,这为我国社会主义政治民主的建设提供了参考性建议。