试述用电管理存在的问题和节约用电措施

随着现代科学技术的发展,一方面,造成电能质量问题的因素不断增长;另一方面,各种复杂的、精密的、对电能质量敏感的用电设备不断普及,人们对电能质量及可靠性的要求越来越高。电能质量直接关系到国民经济的总体效益。电能在现代工农业生产、科学实验及人民生活等各个领域中获得了极为广泛的应用。由于目前我国电能利用的效率较差,因此节电的潜力很大。文章提出目前电能利用中存在的问题,阐述了节约用电的管理措施和技术措施。     

浅谈土地利用总体规划修改

随着经济的发展,商业用地和农业用地之间的矛盾逐渐凸显,为了确保粮食安全,需要修改土地利用总体规划,为此本文通过阐述土地利用总体规划修改存在的问题,指出土地利用总体规划修改需要注意的问题,同时提出相应的政策建议,进而为修改土地利用总体规划提供参考依据。     

CAPITALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN AGRICULTURAL LAND PRICES: WHAT DO WE KNOW?

Abstract.  The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of existing literature, both theoretically and empirically, on the extent to which agricultural subsidies do translate into higher land values and rents and finally benefit landowners instead of agricultural producers. Our review shows that agricultural support policy instruments contribute to increasing the rental price of farmland, and that the extent of this increase closely depends on the level of the supply price elasticity of farmland relative to those of other factors/inputs on the one hand, and on the range of the possibilities of factor/input substitution in agricultural production on the other hand. The empirical literature shows that land prices and rents have in general a significant positive and inelastic response to government support. Such inelastic response is thought to reflect the uncertain future of the farm programmes. And in general, studies have indicated that land prices are more responsive to government-based returns than to market-based returns.     

Linking performance drivers in production planning and inventory control to process choice

This study investigates how process choice relates to production planning and inventory control decisions. We empirically examine the validity of deductively derived patterns about these types of decisions. More importantly, we look for normative insights by exploring how production planning and inventory control decisions affect operations performance. Our findings show that production line and continuous flow plants use more of a level production strategy, and carry less raw material and work-in-process inventory. The performance drivers for these plants, through which the operations function excels, are effective utilization of equipment, reduced finished goods inventory, and reduced setup down time. To gain forward demand visibility and batching economies, job and batch shops rely much more on backlogs in their planning process. These plants use more of a production chase strategy and position inventory lower in the bills of materials. Four performance drivers for top-performing job and batch shops are to find ways that better anticipate customers' orders, have a more responsive chase strategy, carry less raw material or purchased inventory, and shorten production planning horizon, partly through less reliance on backlogs. It is intriguing that top-performing plants not only do the expected things, given their choice of process, but also excel in selected dimensions—some of which fit the profile normally associated with a different process choice. To monitor and continuously improve operations, evaluation ‘scorecards’ should pay particular attention to performance drivers, which change depending on the plant's process choice.     

浅析农产品库存管理策略

农产品是关系国计民生的物资,能否及时供应,不仅关系到社会大众的生活及生活水平的提高,还关系到市场的供给关系、物价涨跌,甚至还关系到农民及相关行业人员收入高低的问题。但农产品自身具备的时效性、季节性、易损性都会带来很多的负面影响。结合有效的建议去选择合适的库存管理策略能够解决部分农产品供需矛盾、价格变动及损耗等问题。     

基于D-S证据理论的生产计划敏捷性评价

生产计划是企业得以顺利运营的核心组成部分,为了使企业适应外部动态竞争环境的动态变化,生产计划应具有动态响应能力—敏捷性。本文将生产计划敏捷性分为四个层次:时间(Time)、成本(Cost)、鲁棒性(Robustness)和自适应性范围(Scope of Change),并构建了生产计划敏捷性的评价指标体系。为了体现影响决策因素的多样性,本文基于证据理论建立面向多专家决策的生产计划敏捷性模型,并通过算例分析,说明生产计划敏捷性的评价过程。     

REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: ESTIMATES FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA

A regional model, be it computable general equilibrium or partial equilibrium in construct, which is based on the national parameters would certainly provide misleading results if the regional economy or sector is significantly different from its national counterpart. For a credible and useful quantitative analysis of the regional impacts of changes in, say, government policies or international events, one thus needs an empirically based economic model that reflects the key features of the regional economy or sector concerned. This is the motivation for this paper, which estimates a disaggregated agricultural production system for Western Australia (WA): a key farming State of Australia. The paper uses a profit function approach that explicitly recognizes jointness in agricultural production and various climatic zones in WA, and an estimation procedure that involves the Diewert–Wales decomposition technique. It presents estimates of elasticities of supply responses and input demands in WA agriculture, and compares these with the national estimates.     

基于移动互联网的桂北地区农产品营销信息平台研究

文章首先介绍了网络营销平台规划设计在国内外的研究现状,并参照e-SC网络营销平台规划与设计(PDCMP)理论,提出了考虑移动互联网特点的O-e-SC PDCMP理论;接着以桂北地区农产品营销信息平台为例,使用SWOT工具简要分析了桂北地区的农产品营销与物流现状,阐述了使用优势—机会(SO)战略组合建设该信息平台的组织建设与流程结构;最后,在新的PDCMP理论的指导下,对桂北地区农产品营销信息平台规划与模块设计进行了探讨性的研究。     

对小型农田水利工程建设和管理问题探讨

农田水利基本设施建设在我国的农业生产中起着十分重要的作用,它直接影响着广大农民的生产、生活,是农业生产的基础和关键。本文简单介绍了万山特区农田水利建设的现状并提出一些管理对策。     

关于水库灌区建设及工程管理的探讨

水库灌区的建设是我国农业发展中十分重要的一环,它关系到灌区覆盖范围内的农作的收成。本文将结合灌区建设中工程管理工作当中出现的一些问题和现状进行探讨,希望能够对现在的灌区建设管理起到积极的作用。     

大学校园规划优化设计的探讨

结合知识经济时代的特点，通过对大学校园中的主体一人的行为分析，探讨了新世纪大学校园规划的优化设计问题，提出了大学校园规划优化设计的8项基本原则，并从工程实践的经验出发，阐述了校园规划涉及的组成要素的优化设计思维。     

“互联网+”背景下我国智慧农业发展路径研究

近年来,互联网已渗透到各个领域,与越来越多的行业融合发展。农业作为党和国家历来重视的重点工作之一,是国计民生的根本性问题。传统农业生产由于生产技术落后,导致农业信息化进程发展缓慢,严重阻碍了农村发展。因此,将互联网技术应用到农业发展中,发展智慧农业是大势所趋。文章简要介绍了智慧农业的内涵,在分析智慧农业的相关政策及发展现状的基础上,结合农业产业链的各个环节引入互联网技术和市场化手段,为解决传统农业问题,实现智慧农业快速发展提出新措施新办法。     

Optimization for hierarchical multi-level planning systems using interaction prediction principle

This paper is concerned with the optimization of large-scale dynamic systems composed of interconnected subsystems. The decomposition and hierarchical multi-level approach with coordination is described for linear quadratic problem which has been available for socio-economic and production planning. In particular, we present a general solution algorithm for the two-level optimization using interaction prediction principle. A sample example for which the approach is applicable is illustrated.     

诠释深圳与香港集装箱港口的竞争力

本文从生产要素成本（主要包括劳动力、生产资料、资本等）、要素组织成本（主要包括组织机构、政策与规划、信息获取成本、审批程序等）、要素质量（主要包括产业规模、产业集群、个体要素）三个方面对深圳和香港集装箱港口的竞争力进行了实证分析,表明深圳的要素成本同香港相比,仍有比较明显的优势,但是深圳的制度成本比香港要高,至于生产要素的质量,深圳与香港的“硬要素”差距不大.但＂软要素＂的差距还比较明显.     

The Impacts of Redesigning European Agricultural Support

The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of decoupling at the individual member state level in the European Union and in non-member regions of liberalizing domestic support in the EU. Three scenarios are analysed to illustrate the impacts of eliminating or decoupling the European agricultural support. We found that the existing domestic support payments in the EU are indeed coupled to production and hence affect production decisions and distort international trade with adverse effects on the export potential of developing countries as a consequence. Further, the value of this support is capitalised in significant higher land prices in Europe than would otherwise prevail. The scenarios illustrate the economic implications of transforming all domestic support payments (as well as other distorting policies) into a nationally homogenous and fully decoupled payment to all agricultural land, irrespective of a farmer's decision to crop or not. The analysis suggests that it is possible to convert the existing agricultural support into a fully decoupled payment which would not distort international trade and it indicates a way forward to offset the negative impact on land prices. Such a policy would also comply with the WTO rules (i.e. fall within the green box as decoupled income support). The analysis also suggests that such a policy reform could be achieved at somewhat lower budgetary costs as compared with the existing costs of the Common Agricultural Policy.     

Potential economies of scale at the University of Bradford

The paper applies output budgeting techniques to the “production” of graduates at a British University. The cost per student graduated in 18 different disciplines is first divided between: (1) capital and maintenance costs, (2) teaching costs, and (3) administrative and general expenditures. Techniques are devised so as to allocate expenditures under these heads to individual students. Examples are given to show that: (1) academic staff costs per student can be cut by ca. 30 per cent with a doubling of enrolment, and that (2) total costs per student in scientific disciplines can be reduced by up to 25 per cent through a more intensive use of laboratories with little or no deterioration in the quality of instruction or in staff workloads. By contrast, more efficient use of classroom hours and seats available shows much lower potential economies, as do changes in student contact hours, size of teaching group and range of optional subjects.The article is directed towards those concerned with planning university resource use.     

我国农产品物流落后原因初探

在我国，农产品物流很少有人关注，但是，由于农产品的物流落后使我国农产品的损失却大得惊人。这不仅极大地影响了农民收入水平的提高，还严重削弱了我国农产品的国际竞争力。本文对我国农产品物流落后的原因进行了全面、深入的探讨。     

浅谈农村社会结构对农业经济的影响

"三农"问题是当前应研究的重要课题,农业经济结构和农业产业结构的调整是在一定的农村社会结构中进行。文章阐述了现存的农村社会结构是如何直接影响农业经济结构和农村产业结构调整的,并提出了作者个人观点。     

浅谈我国农业机械化发展趋势

我国农机化发展的方向是农业机械轻便化,即通过利用农业机械电子电气化、组合化技术和适当采用半人力、半机械化设备,来达到使农机质量轻、体积小、成本低和操作方便的目的。本文阐述了采取轻便化的农业机械来服务于我国的农业生产是适合我国农业机械化的发展方向和途径之一。     

浅析公路规划设计中应注意的一些问题

公路规划设计是公路建设的重要组成部分,前期的规划设计是否合理是关系到公路工程项建设的重要条件。本文简单论述公路规划设计中应该注意到的一些问题。