电子商务环境下的渠道冲突与共赢管理

电子商务环境下,制造商采用直销渠道使自身既成为供应者又成为转售商的直接竞争者,从而引发渠道冲突。所以要建立渠道决策中制造商与转售商的博弈模型,通过对模型的求解与对局中人赢得的分析与比较,部分变量的选择可以在同时采用直销渠道与传统渠道条件下达成双方的共赢,实现电子商务环境下制造商与转售商的渠道共赢管理。     

黑龙江省粮食分销渠道管理的问题及对策

当前,黑龙江粮食分销渠道管理存在着粮食加工龙头企业规模小、加工程度低,粮食批发市场发展不平衡,服务功能不强,运输方式发展不均衡,分销效率不高等问题。完善黑龙江省粮食分销渠道管理,应扩张粮食加工产业,完善粮食批发市场建设,加强物流节点建设,发展江海联运、铁海联运等多种运输方式,拓宽粮食外运途径,实现粮食物流四散化。     

店内要素管理——生产商渠道管理的重要课题

<正>自从上世纪90年代初,现代零售商进入中国市场以来,其力量一直不断壮大,从传统渠道手中抢夺了越来越多的市场份额;特别是在2004年年底零售业开放以后,现代零售渠道发展更快。CTR市场研究2006年对中国快速消费品零售渠道的调查表明:排名前十位的零售渠道都是以超大仓储、超市、百货商店等为代表的现代化销售通路,他们左右着零售渠道的发展方     

网络时代的复制权

复制权是版权立法的主要问题.在网络环境中遇到的主要问题是:复制权范围的界定、暂时复制的问题、复制侵权的认定以及对复制权进行合理的限制等.在网络条件下,版权的范围得到扩张,造成了各方利益的失衡,因而有必要对版权人的权利加以限制.     

论消费外部性及其社会福利影响

消费外部性是指个人或家庭的消费行为影响他人或社会,但个人或家庭并未因此而给予相应补偿或取得相应报酬。无论是正消费外部性还是负消费外部性,其结果都使资源配置达不到怕累托最优状态,导致国民收入减少,从而整个福利也就相应减少。     

中远集团：打造信息化驱动型社会责任管理模式

作为世界著名国际航运企业,中远集团在生产经营和企业管理中始终秉承“国际公民”、绿色航运、安全环保的理念,为我国外贸运输、经济发展、建设和谐社会做出了巨大贡献。但多年的国际经营实践让中远集团认识到,企业能否正确处理生产经营与社会经济、自然环境的关系,事关企业生死存亡自身发展。企业只有在获取商业利益的同时主动承担社会责任,才能得到社会广泛认可,实现可持续健康发展。     

Relational Contracting and Distribution Channel Cohesion

This study attempts to test a relational contracting model of distribution channels in the context of the international salmon industry, using data from three successive channel levels. Relational contracting norms were found to be positively associated with channel cohesion, as defined by convergent perceptions across channel levels. Channel formalization was found to correlate positively and channel centralization correleated negatively with relational contracting norms of reliance, solidarity and mutuality. A contracting framework consistent with a political economy model is suggested for future channel studies.     

Retailer Heterogeneity,Intra-Brand Competition and Social Welfare

This paper considers a model where a manufacturer sells its product to consumers through competitive retailers who are heterogeneous in marginal distribution costs and geographic locations. We study the welfare implications of resale price maintenance (RPM), which eliminates the intra-brand competition. We show that with RPM, the manufacturer can make more profit at the cost of the consumers. RPM helps the high-cost retailers to stay competitive in the market, and therefore increases the total distribution cost of the society. We suggest that antitrust authorities should be concerned when intra-brand competition is lessened.     

The Internet in Social Marketing Research

SUMMARY

Social marketing campaigns are usually aimed at problems that exact a large toll in the community. Any campaign must be properly researched during the development process and afterward, to assess its impact. The target market for social marketing campaigns often includes younger members of the community. The research methodology used when developing or assessing these campaigns must therefore be appropriate to adolescents.

This article discusses the application of Internet technology to research among adolescents using experience gained while testing potential anti-smoking messages among a sample of UK school students to illustrate the issues.

Internet-based research has the potential to generate data that is comparable to that generated by conventional research methods and with improved efficiency in terms of timescale, cost, quality, and quantity of responses.     

Distribution Channel Decentralization and Strategic Durability Choice

In a simple two‐period setting we examine a decentralized distribution (marketing) channel consisting of an up‐stream durable‐goods manufacturer and down‐stream retailer. The manufacturer sets the wholesale price and the product’s durability while the retailer selects an output level. We show that in this setting, the profit‐maximizing manufacturer unambiguously selects a higher durability than the socially efficient (cost‐minimizing) level in both uncommitted sales and rental markets. We show this ‘reversed planned obsolescence’ result is due to the strategic benefit of durability in this double‐marginalization (double monopoly mark‐up) setting. This is in stark contrast to the usual integrated channel result where the profit‐maximizing manufacturer will select an efficient level of durability in rental markets and an inefficiently low durability in uncommitted sales markets (due to the selling firm’s commitment problem with potential buyers). Intuitively, with a decentralized distribution channel, the manufacturer faces potential commitment problems with both current buyers and its down‐stream retailer. We show, only in cases where both sources of commitment issues are removed (i.e. the manufacturer can credibly commit to both potential buyers and its retailer), will the profit‐maximizing durability choice be socially efficient.     

网络营销环境下多渠道冲突的成因

随着电子营销渠道的建立,网络营销环境下的多渠道冲突日趋加剧。以新的视角,从渠道权力配置的变化、利益之争和制造企业的渠道管理水平等方面对网络营销环境下多渠道冲突的成因进行探讨,以期为制造企业在新环境下进行有效的多渠道冲突管理提供理论参考。     

Managing International Distribution Channel Partners: A Cross-Cultural Approach

Although the topic of conflict has been extensively studied in the distribution channels literature from a domestic perspective, there is relatively little published research examining the construct within the international distribution channels context. This is of particular concern because cross-national channel partnerships are on the rise, and divergent cultures may engender heightened conflict, which has a deleterious effect on channel performance. This article explores the extent to which different channel leadership styles, predicated on Hofstede's dimensions of national culture, can be effective strategies to manage conflict in international distribution channels. Specifically, the article examines whether the relationship between leadership style and conflict in international distribution channels is moderated by national culture. Additionally, the impact of manifest conflict on international channel partner performance is investigated. A conceptual model and research propositions are developed. The use of leadership styles to manage disagreements among international channel partners is argued to be culturally specific. International channel management implications and directions for future research are suggested.     

技术差异、关税选择和关税谈判中的福利分配

本文在一个政府-企业两期完全信息动态博弈的框架下,考察了存在技术差异的两国进行异质性商品贸易时的均衡关税选择,以及这种技术差异如何影响双边关税减让所释放的福利在两国间和各国内的分配模式。本文分析表明:当贸易品替代性较弱时,技术占优国家倾向于设置更低的关税;而当替代性较强时,结果则恰好相反。在一个商品间交叉价格弹性为零的条件下,双边关税同等减让会使由贸易自由化引致的福利增进向拥有技术优势的国家倾斜,而平衡减让则会使技术相对落后的国家获利更多。对特定国家而言,总体福利的增长总是以关税收入的减少为代价,而额外福利在企业和消费者之间的分配则由关税减让的方式和两国的相对技术水平共同决定。     

The Exponential Age Distribution and the Pareto Firm Size Distribution

Recent work drawing on data for large and small firms has shown a Pareto distribution of firm size. We begin by showing that the firm age distribution is well approximated by an exponential distribution. We then mix a Gibrat-type growth process among incumbents with an exponential distribution of firm’s age, to obtain the empirically-observed Pareto distribution.     

Welfare and quality improvement in an international market

This paper analyzes the optimal uniform and discriminatory quality requirements under Cournot competition when two firms produce high-quality and low-quality products, respectively, in an international market. The quality requirements in our paper are not set for the foreign firm but are set to regulate products of different qualities, since in the real world a domestic firm could be a high- or low-quality producer. We find that whether the government should raise the quality requirements depends on the type of competition in which firms engage and the adopted quality requirements. By and large, the government should always set quality requirements raising both firms’ quality directly or indirectly, regardless of the quality of the product of the domestic firm. However, if the domestic firm is a high-quality producer, the government should set a quality requirement that enables the domestic firm to monopolize the market when a discriminatory quality requirement is adopted, and should not set any quality requirement when a uniform quality requirement is adopted. Moreover, we show that the quality requirement can actually improve global welfare in most cases.     

网络经济时代的企业营销

本主要在阐释网络经济涵义及其特征的基础上,着重探究了网络经济时代的企业营销创新,主要包括营销观念、营销制度、营销管理及营销策略创新。最后,分析了我国面临网络经济的挑战。     

公益性基金会会计核算与管理研究

目前,我国公益性基金会会计核算和管理存在的问题是:财务会计核算制度不够健全、不够规范;会计核算系统不能监管捐赠财物的流向;财务会计人员身份多元化;会计档案保管和销毁制度不严格,给我国慈善事业的进一步发展带来了障碍。公益性基金会会计核算和管理要与其自身的"公益"属性相符,要与其宗旨和组织理念相符。提高公益性基金会会计核算和管理应做到:厘清公益性基金会各种财务关系;依法设置账簿;科学设置会计科目,加强对会计核算的管理,客观编制会计报表;构建和加强会计核算档案体系。     

Consumer Trust,Social Marketing and Ethics of Welfare Exchange

The global corporate scandals such as Enron, Worldcom and Global Crossing have raised fundamental issues of business ethics as well as economic, social and anthropological questions concerning the nature of business competition and global capitalism. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to introduce the concept of “welfare exchange” to the existing notions of economic, social and anthropological notions of business and exchange in markets and society in the 21st century. Global competition and business success in the 21st century continue to raise the nature of economic value and the interaction among diverse actors in international markets, institutions and society. We believe that the nature of such exchange between consumers and organizations, which can also be termed social marketing, need to increasingly take into account a welfare and ethical component. In this paper, we introduce our concept of welfare exchange to emphasize the importance of such welfare and ethical issues in the global business environment of the 21st century.     

互联网时代中小微企业的品牌建设

互联网时代信息技术的进步改变了传统品牌塑造的环境,使品牌建设的过程和实施方法实现了根本性的变革。中小微企业因受限于资金实力和管理水平等因素,在传统形式的品牌建设中一直处于弱势,而互联网技术和思维的运用使得中小微企业的品牌发展有了新的突破。在稳定产品质量、整合社会化媒体、建设专业品牌团队、塑造网络品牌等方面将有助于中小微企业的品牌建设和发展,并逐渐建立起自己的品牌影响力和竞争优势。     

流通垄断的福利经济学分析及其测度

本文主要考察流通垄断的特殊性及其福利经济学测度。流通垄断与生产垄断相比，其垄断行为和垄断结构具有很多特殊性和复杂性。在目前阶段，流通市场的低集中度是制约我国流通产业发展的一个重要原因，大型流通企业之间的合并和重组一方面可以实现流通的规模经济，另一方面又有可能导致垄断程度的提高，本文通过一个简单的流通企业合并模型，从福利经济学的视角探讨了这种合并的两难效应，并进一步分析了此种情形下的反垄断措施。