The rebound effect on energy efficiency improvements in China’s transportation sector: A CGE analysis

Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations. We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for analyzing the rebound effect from an improvement of 10% in the energy efficiency. We compared the size of the energy rebound effect at both the macroeconomic and sectoral levels in different transportation modal subsectors, namely rail, road, water, and air travel. The findings showed that the magnitude of the rebound effect varies across the transportation modes. This is particularly true for the air transportation sector, which has an economy-wide rebound effect of 30.1% and an own-sector rebound effect of 74.6% because of a sharp increase in the export demand for air transport services. We also quantitatively evaluated the contribution of energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector to China’s economic growth and carbon reductions and found a positive dividend effect on the economy as well as the environment. The modeling results suggest that improving overall transportation energy efficiency by 10% generates an economy-wide welfare gain of approximately 29 billion yuan, while 19 billion yuan are attributable to a more efficient road transportation subsector. Furthermore, to offset the effects of these mode-specific rebound effects, we simulated the effectiveness of different policies and solutions. These included economic instruments in the form of energy, environmental, and carbon taxes, household transport consumption structure adjustments, and energy structure adjustments. This study revealed that combining these sustainable development policies offers opportunities for economy-wide multisectoral improvements in energy savings, emissions reduction, and economic benefits.     

武汉城市圈交通和物流与经济的良性互动发展政策

文中分析了武汉城市圈交通、物流和经济的良性互动发展的需求,认为在中部崛起的整体战略下,交通运输体系的完善、现代物流体系的构建对于武汉城市圈的经济飞跃缺一不可,提出了以交通和物流作为武汉城市圈经济活动的平台,完善政府相关政策,保障城市圈经济的发展的建议。     

Asset pricing for inefficient markets: Evidence from China and India

Over last four decades, evidence of market inefficiencies has been widely documented by several scholars for all major stock markets in the globe. Chinese and Indian markets are not exempt. Inefficiencies in these markets are described by many authors as roots of all mispricing. Mispricing might be the outcome of application of familiar asset pricing models which may mislead an investor into adopting inappropriate policies for his new investments or for reallocating his old investments. In an alternative approach, we propose a transformation on original market returns in the objective of relaxing the strong assumption of market efficiency behind application of an asset pricing model. This modification will widen the scope of rational models on asset pricing ranging from an efficient to an inefficient market.     

Economics and urban transportation policy in the United States

This article examines the role that economics can play in analysing problems with urban transportation in the United States. The specific problems addressed are failing infrastructure, financially weak public transit, environmental impacts of motor vehicles, motorvehicle accidents, and traffic congestion. Simple quantitative analyses, even though approximate, can help to focus attention on the most promising classes of policies. Those classes involve some technological measures and some narrowly targeted behavioral changes, but not the widespread curtailment of motor vehicle use.     

构建高效的军事运输系统

从军事物流角度出发,对构建高效的军事运输系统进行研究.分析了现有运输系统存在的问题,针对运输管理体制、运输筹划方法、交通运输网、运输管理信息系统、运输人才培养、运输法规建设等方面提出了一些新的见解和解决问题的思路.     

Is transportation improving urbanization in China?

This study applies the rolling-window causality test to analyze the interaction between transportation infrastructure and urbanization in China. Our results obviously support search-matching theory in that transportation infrastructure exerts positive effects on urbanization in sub-sample periods. Urbanization does not Granger cause transportation infrastructure development except for the 1977–1980 period, when urbanization exerted negative effects on transportation infrastructure. The transportation structure is inadequate, and rational allocation of transportation resources is needed to improve the level of urbanization. This means that transportation improves urbanization due to government investment and regional integration. Development of transportation infrastructure has been rapid, which improved urbanization during the Great Cultural Revolution period. Urbanization urgently needs to keep up with the development of traffic infrastructure construction by adding to traffic investment. Transportation infrastructure requires whole planning, a unified layout, and rational adjustment of the transportation structure.     

Energy footprint of the city: Effects of urban land use and transportation policies

Urban land use and transportation policies have dramatic effects on the density and spatial distribution of residences in large cities. Effects of these policies have been analyzed using numerical urban simulation models. At the same time, the US Energy Information Administration’s Residential Energy Consumption Survey has allowed researchers to investigate the relation between household energy consumption and characteristics of housing units.This paper links these two lines of inquiry by demonstrating how simulation results on the implications of land use and transportation policies for the spatial form of cities can be used to compute implications for energy consumption. The resulting Urban Energy Footprint Model, “UEFM,” allows one to trace the implications of a change in land use zoning or transportation policy through its effects on housing markets and residential location to the resulting changes in energy use for residential and commuting purposes – i.e. to understand the energy footprint of transportation, housing, and land use policies. Accordingly, the UEFM provides, perhaps for the first time, a link between urban and energy economics, and can allow measurement of rebound effects of energy policies in a more general equilibrium context.     

保护城市自行车交通及建立城市绿色交通系统

本文重新审视了自行车在城市交通中的重要地位。并对小汽车与自行车作为交通工具的优劣做了对比研究,分析了目前自行车交通逐渐受迫的现状及其原因,提出了建立城市绿色交通系统的概念及实施措施,强调了自行车交通在建立绿色交通系统中的重要作用。     

中国外贸运输业竞争结构浅析

根据迈克尔·波特的五种竞争力量模型,中国外贸运输业也存在着五种竞争作用力。本文对中国外贸运输业的五种竞争力量及其作用机理进行了描述和分析,展现了外贸运输企业所处的竞争环境,旨在对外贸运输企业确立竞争规则和制定潜在的可供企业选择的竞争战略时起一定的借鉴作用。     

The relationship between development, investments, insecurity and social conditions in Colombia: a dynamic approach

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between economic development, investments, savings, insecurity and social conditions in Colombian departments. Using a dynamic heterogeneous panel analysis, we study the effects of insecurity and social conditions on economic development through an estimation of panel data cointegration techniques. The models applied in this study suggest a long-term relationship among economic development, investments, savings, social conditions and insecurity. Investments, savings and human development index have a positive and significant coefficient, which indicates that these variables produce incentives for economic development, whereas GINI and homicides have a negative relationship, demonstrating that these variables undermine economic development. All findings are important in the design of strategies and policies that strengthen income distribution equality, a key factor that determines growth and development through adequate government expenditures that encourage savings and investment decisions with the aim to improve welfare and the standard of living.     

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: INTERREGIONAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

Significant economic disparities among China's Eastern, Central, and Western regions pose unequivocal challenges to social equality and political stability in the country. A major impediment to economic development, especially in the poor, remote Western region, is the shortage of a transportation infrastructure. The Chinese government has committed to substantial investment for improving the accessibility of this vast, land-locked region as a mechanism for promoting its development. The paper examines the impacts of the intended transportation infrastructure build-up on the Western region's comparative advantage and its interregional trade. The World Trade Model is extended to represent this investment and applied to determine interregional trade in China based on region-specific technologies, factor endowments and prices, and consumption patterns as well as the capacities and costs of carrying goods among regions using the interregional transportation infrastructure in place in the base year of 1997 and that planned for 2010 and 2020. The model is implemented for three regions, 27 sectors, and seven factors. The results indicate that the planned infrastructure build-up will be cost-effective, will increase benefits especially for the Western region, and that it can conserve energy overall at given levels of demand but substitute oil for coal. Based on these and other model results, some recommendations are offered about strategies for regional development in China.     

厦门经济特区扩容背景下的城市交通战略规划探讨

在国务院批准厦门经济特区扩大到全市的背景下,结合分析厦门城市近年来交通现状的基础上,紧紧围绕“全城厦门的理念统筹城乡交通战略规划,积极推进岛内岛外交通一体化建设,构筑以公共交通为主体的可持续城市交通发展模式.     

住房与交通综合可支付性指数的设计与应用——以北京为例

城市空间结构的理论及实证研究表明,城市土地利用与交通系统之间存在着密切的互动关系.在空间上,居民所负担的住房成本和交通成本通常呈现此消彼长的关系.因此,单纯考虑"住房成本占收入的比重"不能全面衡量居住区位选择所引致的成本.为了更全面和精细地评价居民对于住房成本和交通成本的综合支付能力及其空间分布特征,设计了住房与交通综...     

A review on research in transportation of hazardous materials

Incidents that involve transportation have the potential of causing significant damages to the affected communities due to the release of hazardous substances. Therefore, it is important to reduce their impact as well as the risk of their occurrence. In this paper we review recent research in the field of transportation of hazardous materials. Our work extends a previous review from 2007. Based on our analysis, we identify current trends and research gaps as well as relevant future research directions.     

上海浦东仓储运输资源的整合

仓储运输资源整合的目的是通过资源的重新配置,提高资源的使用效率,最终获取更高额的回报。对那些已经或将要把未来仓储运输发展战略目标定位于进一步提升企业竞争力的传统仓储和运输等企业来说,资源整合显得尤其重要。资源整合是企业战略调整的手段,也是企业经营管理的日常工作,整合就是要优化资源配置。文中从上海浦东新区发展的角度,论述了上海浦东新区仓储运输资源整合的问题,提出作者的以下观点。     

An Analysis of the Convergence of the Composition of Public Expenditures in European Union Countries

The literature on fiscal policies is paying increasing attention to the impact of the composition of public expenditures on long‐term economic growth. Public policy endogenous growth models recommend to change the composition of public expenditures to items considered productive expenditures. In this sense, European institutions are encouraging the rise in the share of productive outlays like public investments, R&D, and active labor market policies, among others. The article analyzes whether these recommendations are followed by European Union countries and whether a convergence to a new pattern of public finances with a higher share of those items considered productive expenditures by European institutions is arising.     

高技术产业扶持政策阶段性特征及效果研究——以中国芯片产业为例

本文以中国芯片产业为例对高技术产业政策效果进行研究,发现产业扶持政策在不同阶段的侧重点、扶持方式和支持力度有所差异,早期政策对减轻企业税负作用显著,而中期政策在地方层面落实较好,促进了产业投资基金的成立,对产业投资以及产业重组升级作用显著。鉴于此,本文建议适度延长税收优惠政策期限,扩大政策落实区域,提高政策精准度与效率,加强政策对自主研发、技术引进和产业升级的积极影响,出台政策以帮助企业提升在专利和跨国并购方面的专业性水平。     

The intraurban spatial distribution of employment: which government interventions make a difference?

An annual panel of employment at the census tract level for the Atlanta region is used to estimate the change in a tract's share of regional employment as a function of a variety of tax incentive programs, different transportation infrastructure investments, and crime. The results show that neighborhood-based property tax abatements, job tax credits, and highway improvements increase a tract's employment share. Higher crime is found to reduce employment share.     

Assessing the utility of private information in transportation planning studies: A case study of trip generation analysis

The extent to which private information should be used in planning for transportation infrastructure has not been fully resolved. To contribute to this debate, this paper discusses the argument for using private information by presenting a transportation planning case study in which the sample size required to detect a significant difference in two types of residential trip generation rates was reduced. One rate is based on ground counts and the other is based on household surveys. The number of vehicle trips generated by suburban dwelling units over a 24-h period is a critical element in the transportation planning process.When no-private information was used, the rates derived using the two methods were not statistically different. However, the use of private information might lead to different rates. Private information, described herein as individual transportation decisions, is defined by four characteristics: individually identifying (not anonymous); linked to another data source (not aggregated); available to a limited audience (not unlimited); and available for only a specific, socially legitimate use.The potential discrepancy between rates using ground counts and household survey data provides an opportunity to investigate the utility of private information. Simulations with an existing data set were performed to determine the extent to which additional private information could have revealed a discrepancy. The study concluded that the required sample size decreases substantially depending on the amount of private information available. The use of limited private information reduces the required sample size by over 30%. With more private information, the required sample size is reduced by over 90%. Thus, the use of robust statistical tests that is infeasible with only public information is possible with the availability of private data.The significance of this study is the approach presented to evaluate the utility of private information by documenting the tangible benefits, such as reduced sample sizes and reduced data collection costs, that will accrue if it is used. The political cost of acquiring the information can then be addressed, as can extending the approach to other situations where the use of private information is being considered.     

基于航运系统的承运人合作演化博弈分析

本文运用演化博弈理论研究了航运业中承运人群体之间的合作行为。研究表明,当没有监控机制存在时,航运业承运人群体之间的合作将是无效的。在航运旺季时,承运人之间存在合作和不合作的演化均衡,在航运淡季时,承运人之间出现双方都不合作的演化均衡。然而,当航运区域的枢纽港充当监控平台时,在航运旺季和航运淡季时,对承运人群体合作和背叛行为给与不同范围的激励和补偿,将使承运人之间出现高效的合作演化均衡。研究结果对区域航运业有一定的借鉴作用。