Do German renewable energy resources affect prices and mitigate market power in the French electricity market ?

Several empirical studies show that renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, typically supplied at low marginal cost, can cause electricity market prices to fall. Recent theoretical research and simulations also highlight the link between the integration of renewable energy and market performance in an oligopolistic energy market. This article looks at these dynamics in the context of cross-border effects between two highly interconnected electricity markets, France and Germany. Using a rich panel dataset for hourly data from November 2009 to July 2015, I estimate the impact of German wind and solar power production on both prices and market power in the French wholesale market. The findings highlight the importance of coordinating energy policies via joint renewable energy support schemes among interconnected European electricity markets.     

电信企业基于价格行为的纵向市场圈定与接入规制

电信企业能否达到纵向市场圈定目的,与实施市场圈定的企业和被圈定企业在下游市场的成本差异有关。本文通过构建一个两阶段博弈模型,分析了电信企业基于价格行为的纵向市场圈定与接入规制问题。研究发现,当主导企业的下游附属企业具有成本优势时,则其通过实施价格策略性行为能够达到纵向市场圈定目的;当其处于成本劣势时,则不能通过价格行为实现纵向市场圈定。因此,规制机构在制定接入规制政策时,应根据下游市场两个企业的成本差异选择合理的接入规制方法。当新进入企业成本较低时,可采取有效成分接入定价法和由市场决定接入价格的两种接入规制方法;当两者成本相同时,可采取激励性接入规制方法;当新进入企业成本较高时,可对两者实行不对称接入规制。     

Exchange rate pass-through and product heterogeneity: Does quality matter on the import side?

This paper investigates theoretically and empirically the heterogeneous response of exporters to real exchange rate fluctuations due to the quality of imported inputs and exported output. We develop a model where the production of high-quality products requires high-quality inputs sold in monopolistically competitive foreign markets. The model predicts that exporters using imported inputs have low exchange rate pass-through, but this effect is weaker for firms shipping high-quality goods. This is due to the heterogeneous price adjustments of foreign suppliers selling inputs of different quality. We test the predictions of the model using Italian firm-level trade data for the period 2000–2006. The empirical analysis shows that the imports of intermediates have a significantly weaker effect in reducing the exchange rate pass-through into the export price of high-quality varieties. By showing that the import price of high-quality inputs is less sensitive to exchange rate variations, we provide evidence supporting the theoretical hypothesis that the pricing power of input suppliers weakens the import channel.     

新兴市场企业追赶战略:一个文献综述

新兴市场企业通过不懈追赶实现快速崛起,引起越来越多学者的强烈关注,其追赶战略的形成在很大程度上受本国制度环境的影响。新兴市场国家处于从计划经济到市场经济的转型进程之中,在这一制度变迁背景下,企业面临诸多市场机遇,同时必须建立适应制度变化的能力以保证企业战略的动态性。从技术追赶和市场追赶两方面构建新兴市场企业追赶战略,技术追赶遵循改进型模仿、资源整合、自主创新的路径,市场追赶则主要利用成本领先和差异化优势提升市场份额,技术追赶与市场追赶相互促进,企业国际化既是追赶目的也是追赶手段。     

人民币汇率变动对股票市场的影响

随着股权分置改革的深化及人民币未来的进一步升值，汇率变动时股票市场的短线影响将演变为中长期的影响。因此，研究汇率变动对股票市场的影响具有较大的现实意义。     

Why firms set different export prices? Evidence from Spain

Using firm-level export data for the 2010–2014 period, we investigate the variation of export prices across and within Spanish manufacturing firms. We find that more productive firms set higher export prices. However, this result is not robust to controlling for other firm-level characteristics and alternative productivity measures. We show that firms set higher export prices in more distant markets and in destinations with high GDP per capita, and lower export prices in large and low-competition markets. These latter results suggest that firms adjust the quality of their products to destination characteristics.     

新兴市场企业跨国并购促进技术创新了吗——基于PSM-DID的实证研究

跨国并购是新兴市场企业实现创新能力追赶的重要途径。采用2010-2016年中国制造业上市公司跨国并购数据,运用PSM DID方法实证研究了跨国并购的创新效应,检验了企业异质性和东道国制度环境的调节作用。结果表明：跨国并购对企业技术创新绩效具有显著促进作用。企业异质性的检验结果显示,非国有企业跨国并购创新效应强于国有企业;企业吸收能力越强,从跨国并购中获取的创新收益越大。进一步研究发现,东道国制度质量对跨国并购与创新绩效的关系具有正向调节作用。研究结论丰富了跨国并购与技术创新相关理论,对于中国企业跨国并购实践具有重要启发意义。     

国际短期资本流入:影响因素及政策建议

影响我国国际短期资本流入的因素有利率差异、汇率预期、证券资产价格和宏观经济预期等.为了防范国际短期资本过度流入可能带来的冲击,必须建立一个有效的协调与控制机制,包括完善金融市场体系,谨慎配合人民币汇率与资本项目的开放程度,建立和完善预警指标体系.     

国际商品价格波动与中国出口贸易的能源成本:一个实证分析

中国的出口贸易面临着国际市场能源价格快速上涨与工业品价格滞涨的双重压力。本文对2002—2007年中国出口商品所包含的能源成本进行的估算发现,以2002年不变价计算的能源成本在5年间增长了7.53倍。与此对应,能源成本在中国出口总额中所占的比例从2002年的8.4%上升到了2007年的21.2%。通过计算价格弹性发现,国际市场上能源相对价格的波动是引起我国能源成本率上升的主要因素。能源成本快速上升大大降低了我国出口商品的利润空间,表明我国的外贸质量在下降,这主要是由国际市场进出口价格体系以及我国出口商品结构不合理所造成的。     

汇率行为对地区出口商品技术水平的影响——基于省际面板数据的分析

人民币汇率制度、汇率变动对地区出口技术水平有什么样的影响?通过改进现有方法,利用面板数据的回归分析考察后发现:第一,汇率制度变量对地区出口技术水平以及高度化有显著的正向影响;第二,实际有效汇率升值对我国各地区平均出口技术水平的提升有显著的拉动效应;第三,实际有效汇率变动与地区出口技术“高度化”指数呈反向关系,说明人民币实际有效汇率不能提升地区间出口技术的相对高度,反而利于地区间出口技术水平的均等化发展.     

从交换视角探析浙江产业集群形成的市场动力

相对供给因素,需求条件是产业集群研究的一个薄弱环节.为探究浙江产业集群形成的市场动因,本文以活跃在市场中的个体销售大军为切入点,通过建模论证分析和对不同交换模式市场均衡状态的演进比较得出:浙江产业集群的成长与市场交换模式演变过程有着内在关联,不同交换模式分别存在着唯一的市场均衡和可以转换的临界点;个体商户是增进市场与产业互动,推动浙江产业集群成长的重要主体;我国缺乏资源和发展条件的广大地区可以通过培育有经商意识的队伍,依托市场,实现经济腾飞.     

Spatial aspects of retail market structure: BLS and ERS food prices revisited

This paper draws on the spatial model in (Claycombe and Mahan, 1993) and the BLS data developed in (Lamm, 1981) to test for the significance of spatial and concentration variables as determinants of retail prices. Results strongly suggest that structure in narrow retail markets affects price. Different results are found using the ERS data in (Kaufman and Handy, 1989), further fueling controversy there.The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of David Skeehan in this work and to thank Charles Handy for providing the ERS data.     

Trade Flows Versus Capital Flows: Are China’s Trade Surpluses Overestimated?

China has received massive foreign capital inflows after experiencing capital flight earlier in the last decade. The present paper offers estimates of capital inflows into China through the misinvoicing of trade after having outlined a model describing how trade prices could be manipulated by firms. In fact, the widely perceived undervalued Yuan has fueled expectations of a future revaluation of the Chinese currency. In a panel gravity modeling framework, we show that, China’s export and import prices for some commodities are sensitive to the non-deliverable forward exchange rate for the RMB in Hong Kong. In light of the evolution of this rate, which has rather systemically reflected anticipated revaluation of the Chinese currency, it is contended that the persistent Chinese trade imbalances may actually camouflage hidden ‘hot money’ inflows. Our findings provide evidence for export over-invoicing and import under-invoicing.     

在位企业如何开拓新技术市场:商业模式与组织身份共演视角

新技术带来了新机遇,在位企业能否成功把握成为生存关键。采用单案例研究方法,以软件企业为案例研究对象,探索在位企业如何通过商业运营实现新技术市场开拓。研究发现:(1)商业模式与组织身份共演过程中,涌现了惯性思路-身份转移、整合思路-身份延伸、修补思路-身份增补3种演化形式;(2)战略导向变化是商业模式与组织身份演化的动因,出现了由内向外、混合导向和由外向内3种变化;(3)演化中组织身份匹配于商业模式,表现为嫁接匹配、重塑匹配和扩充匹配3种机制。扩展了在位企业应对技术变化的研究视角,丰富了组织身份的动态变化研究,深化了商业模式与技术发展间关系的研究,可为在位企业商业实践提供借鉴。     

汇率制度与宏观经济政策环境——以加拿大为例

加拿大属于典型的资源性经济,加元的汇率变化多受国际商品和石油价格的影响,超出了国内货币政策的控制范围,是独立浮动或是固定汇率？经过两次试验后,加拿大政府坚定地选择了独立浮动汇率制度,并最终实现了汇率政策与货币政策脱离,以此给予了加拿大银行较大的决策空间,使后者专注于维持较低的通货膨胀环境。同时,加拿大政府努力为汇率制度创造有利的宏观经济政策环境,财政政策和货币政策分工明确、相互支持,为汇率制度和经济增长奠定了可持续的坚实基础。本文以加拿大浮动汇率制度为主线,从财政政策、货币政策、政策搭配角度讨论其宏观经济政策框架,分析加元汇率制度的运行环境。在此基础上,本文探讨加拿大汇率政策及浮动汇率制度的作用与功能。本文第五部分对加拿大银行提出的汇率预测模型作出了较深入的分析。     

The impact of the market transparency unit for fuels on gasoline prices in Germany

Increasing horizontal as well as vertical transparency in oligopolistic markets can be advantageous for consumers, due to reduced search costs. However, market transparency can also affect incentives to deviate from collusive agreements and the punishment by rival firms in the market. Using a panel of 27 European countries, we analyse the impact of increased market transparency via the introduction of a market transparency unit for fuels in Germany. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we find evidence that both gasoline and diesel prices have increased. While consumers may be better off using a retail price app for fuels, gas stations are also able to compare prices at almost no cost.