民宿旅游的乡村性生产与消费研究

文章以广东省网红乡村民宿H民宿为例，采用质性研究方法探析民宿旅游的乡村性生产与消费及互动过程,有以下4点发现。（1）H民宿的经营者以自身对乡村性的认知为基础，通过物质空间建构、文化空间营造和新媒体工具运用等在地生产实践进而表征和展演乡村性。（2）在乡村性消费中，H民宿游客的消费更多集中于农耕知识体验、自然景观环境、农家生活文化和想象“乡村”等不同层面。但由于游客对乡村了解、感受程度的差异，不同游客的乡村感知具有矛盾性与异质性，呈现为全球地方化下消费体验相异的特征。（3）游客通过再消费与传播、拒绝与批判等不同的消费行为将消费意见反馈至生产者，生产者则对应采取调整策略，并通过体验空间的重塑和知识空间的再造进行乡村性的再生产，从而形成了消费与生产的互动过程。（4）在民宿旅游情境下，乡村性在生产与消费互动过程中被建构成“舞台真实”，具有本真化和失真化的双重表征，呈现了真假混杂的特征，并随着不同主体的互动实践，呈现一种流动变化的状态，不断在本真化与失真化的连续谱上流动。     

基于地方情感的旅游目的地选择模型建构研究

旅游目的地选择模型建构的研究多数以微观经济学、认知心理学与市场营销学等为基础理论,较少从个体与地方感情连结的视角探讨游客旅游目的地选择决策行为。文章以旅游目的地选择为研究主轴概念,结合地方情感概念中的旅游目的地意象和地方依恋,根据研究文献梳理结果、基础理论界定模型建构的路径变量与逻辑框架,进而提出基于地方情感的旅游目的地选择模型及模型过程步骤。文章建构模型表明,游客旅游目的地选择始于旅游目的地意象的形成,随着整体认知意象的深化,游客对旅游目的地将产生地方认同感,再通过选择决策行为选择意向的旅游目的地从事旅游活动,通过对旅游目的地旅游体验的功能满足产生依赖感,最终形成对旅游目的地的地方依恋感。研究成果对于旅游目的地选择具有交叉研究的创新价值,对于旅游目的地市场战略规划实践活动而言具有参照价值。     

游客对民宿意象及情感体验关系研究——以丽江和大理民宿为例

近年来,民宿产业竞相发展,导致竞争激烈,许多民宿转而以特色化的模式试图吸引旅客,或结合当地相关产业,提供多样化的服务,因此本研究想要探讨的是,在此过程中,民宿游客如何形塑其旅游体验以及旅游意象。本研究认为旅游体验及旅游意象呈现正相关,因此为了提升旅游意象,使游客能获得更完满的旅游经验,应优先改善旅游服务。     

情感因素对游客体验与满意度的影响研究——以桂林山水实景演出“印象·刘三姐”为例

研究运用结构方程,从情感与认知两个视角构建游客满意度测评模型,并进行实证研究。运用LISREL及SPSS统计软件进行检验,研究表明,游客的＂满意＂是认知与情感两条路径综合影响的结果。消费前情感因素显著影响游客对旅游产品的体验评价与属性评价（γ11=0.23＊＊,γ21=0.24＊＊）,消费后情感因素显著影响游客对旅游产品的感知价值评价（β43=0.41＊＊＊）,感知价值进而显著影响满意度形成（β54=0.73＊＊＊）。游客对产品的体验评价较产品属性评价更显著地影响消费后情感、感知价值及游客满意度（β31=0.54＊＊＊〉β32=0.22＊＊;β41=0.46＊＊＊〉β42=0.22＊＊;β51=0.18＊〉β52=0.17＊）。而消费前期望与消费后情感及感知价值并无必然联系。同时发现,游客对审美体验与教育体验的感受更强烈地影响他们对产品的体验评价。研究将有助于更全面地认识顾客满意度及购后行为的形成过程。     

换汤不换药?游客满意度测量的迷思

在旅游体验研究中,游客满意度一直是个重要问题,游客满意度影响积极口碑、忠诚和重访.目前,游客满意度研究主要以期望-不一致模型为基础,认为满意是期望与不一致的函数,而没有从期望-不一致模型的适用条件、旅游产品享乐消费的特点出发,考虑使用该模型测量游客满意度的效度问题.文章通过深度访谈和参与观察发现,对游客满意度的测量并不满足期望-不一致模型的前提条件,即预测性旅游期望并不总是存在.游客满意度与在场体验阶段的互动、所得收益和所做牺牲的比较、对相似产品消费经验的比较有关,而不只是表现与预测性期望相比较的结果.尽管已有研究使用其他方法测量游客满意度,但并未触及游客满意度问题的核心.研究认为,对游客满意度的测量理应测量对体验的满意度,测量旅游者的情感体验,而不只是对产品物理属性和服务质量的测量.将使用移动技术获得的实时情感数据与访谈相结合,有助于旅游目的地或企业了解旅游者在自然情境中的情感体验和满意度,进而有效地设计、管理体验,保持竞争力,实现经济效益.     

全球-地方动态下的旅游在地化：模式与启示

<正>旅游的本质是追求差异性，而地方性是建构和理解差异性的重要视角。然而，旅游业却是一种全球化的行业，集中体现了新自由主义市场逻辑在全球各地的物质化过程与价值观影响⁽(2))。对于旅游者行为的观察能够直观地揭示旅游所处的这种全球-地方动态。例如备受游客青睐的旅游目的地往往是跨国组织机构认证的文化遗产旅游地或者由数字媒介推送的打卡地；为保证顺利地移动和安置，游客倾向选择资本雄厚的线上预订机构、跨国航空公司以及巨型连锁店出行消费；在抵达目的地以后，游客在旅游地空间设施和社会互动中获得了对旅游地的认知、感知和体验，但这些设施、场景、     

体验式经济下乡村民宿发展的现状与对策研究——以汤山温泉民宿为例

随着市场主体从“70后”“80后”转到“90后”“00后”,我国逐渐进入消费多样化、个性化的新时代,新消费群体不断扩大,原有的民宿产品已经不能满足消费者的更多需求。文章通过问卷调查法,分析了江苏省南京市汤山地区民宿的特色、经营状况和汤山民宿发展中存在的问题,提出政府应借助体验经济与民宿经营的创新与融合,加强民宿标准化水平监管,创新和丰富体验式项目内容,提供个性化服务以及创新营销手段、策略等建议。     

基于认知地图比较的乡村文化记忆主客感知维度研究——以云南省丽江市玉湖村为例

乡村文化认同是构成乡村发展的文化心理基础,利于集体意识及文化共同体的形成。研究以乡村文化记忆为逻辑起点,采用认知地图、问卷调查方法探究“主客”视角下的感知维度及感知差异。通过图示提取空间因子比较及数据统计分析得知,“主客”在空间维度感知上：主客感知最强烈的均为标志物,村要素高于景要素;居民的空间因子的出现频率、空间点位置、结构的感知均高于游客。在文化维度感知上：居民文化感知的空间因子较游客丰富,感知空间类型的强弱差异显著;居民偏重村落村民自身的意义中心,即构建社会关系、承载地方记忆的媒介,而游客偏重对外宣传游赏度较高,更能向外展示玉湖村文化的空间。在情感维度感知上：居民的情感空间因子出现频数高于游客,且数量多于游客;情感维度感知的主客差异说明不同空间在联系、维系和巩固地方情感认同和地方依恋上具有不同功能。     

生态节事活动投射形象与感知形象的差异研究——以2019北京世界园艺博览会为例

生态节事活动的成功举办与形象传播对建设生态城市、弘扬生态文明理念具有重要意义。以2019北京世界园艺博览会为案例,基于"投射形象-感知形象"的分析框架,运用内容分析、对应分析、成分分析方法,评估了典型生态节事活动的形象投射与感知差异。研究发现：（1）北京世园会形象可以划分为旅游吸引物、环境与地方氛围、设施与服务、旅游体验4个维度。（2）投射形象与感知形象仅在旅游吸引物维度方向差异小,在环境与地方氛围、设施与服务、旅游体验维度方向差异大。（3）投射形象与感知形象在旅游体验、环境与地方氛围维度上成分差异大;在旅游吸引物和设施与服务维度,投射形象内部存在明显分异,反映在官方微博的投射形象与感知形象成分差异大,设施与服务维度官方公众号的投射形象与感知形象成分差异大。（4）北京世园会努力建构的绿色生态的环境与地方氛围在游客感知层面接受度较差,核心原因是供需两侧的目标、需求与策略的不匹配。本研究对北京世园会投射形象与感知形象的方向差异与成分差异进行了重点分析,揭示了其在不同主题维度的区别化特征。这有助于促进生态节事活动的科学化、精细化评估,为其形象传播效果提升提供支持。     

地方感——旅游规划的新视角

地方感是近十多年来游憩地理学和环境心理学的研究热点.地方感研究从人的感知、态度、价值观等角度探讨人与环境的关系,包括人在特定地方中的体验和人与特定地方的情感联结关系.地方感理论与方法对于旅游规划具有重要的指导与借鉴意义.     

A happy experience of a dark place: Consuming and performing the Jallianwala Bagh

This article adopts a phenomenological, ethnographic approach to examine place consumption and place experience through visitors' practices in situ. It focuses particularly on an examination of the embodied practices and performances of both tourists and the local community. Viewing memorial places as ‘performative fields’, we argue that a set of processes are simultaneously at play: while consuming the place and its representations (place consumption), visitors are also producing the meaning of the place through their embodied practices (place production) and, simultaneously, form and project a construct of their own selves (self-identity construction), within wider social narratives (social/national-identity construction). The simultaneity of these processes is empirically illustrated and supported by the findings from the qualitative research in the Jallianwala Bagh Memorial in Amritsar, India, where British colonial forces massacred more than one thousand peaceful protesters in 1919.     

文学旅游地的社会文化建构:以凤凰古城为例

该研究基于文化环及其拓展理论,通过定性和定量相结合的方法探讨了凤凰古城作为文学旅游地的文化生产和消费。结论指出:(1)沈从文及其文学作品所构建的文学世界中的"湘西世界",旅游开发者和经营者所构建的"现实中的边城"与旅游者的"口碑中的凤凰古城"共同构建了"想象中的凤凰古城",即待阅读的"凤凰古城文本",并使这一文本公共化;(2)作为文化消费者,旅游者在文学旅游地的构建与重构过程中扮演了重要的角色,是联系整个社会文化建构过程的纽带。在此基础上,本研究构建了一个新的旅游地社会文化建构模型,以期对旅游地的文化生产和消费相关研究及具体应用进行补充和拓展。     

网络点评对民宿顾客住宿意愿的影响——信任的中介作用探讨

网络点评是影响民宿顾客住宿意愿的重要因素。本研究以信任理论为基础,从顾客需求视角探讨民宿顾客对网络平台的信任和对民宿主人的信任在网络点评和民宿顾客住宿意愿之间的作用。研究发现:(1)网络点评对民宿顾客住宿意愿的直接影响效应显著;(2)顾客信任的二维度(对网络平台的信任和对民宿主人的信任)在网络点评和民宿顾客住宿意愿之间起串联中介作用,但是顾客信任的两个维度不能单独在网络点评和民宿顾客住宿意愿之间起中介作用。本研究揭示了网络点评对民宿顾客住宿意愿的作用路径,为民宿营销提供了新视角。     

Experiential places or places of experience? Place identity and place attachment as mechanisms for creating festival environment

Tourism theory suggests mechanisms of place are critical in the construction of tourism environments. However, contradictory place theory has created confusion as to exactly what these mechanisms are and how they affect perceived environment. Literature identifies place attachment and place identity as primary mechanisms in the construction of tourist relationships with tourist environments. An interpretive methodology is used to explore these mechanisms during a festival experience, and thematically analyzed unstructured interviews show identity and attachment do influence attendees' place-based perceptions. Within the festival context, environments become either creations of the festival or exist independently of them. The latter allows realistic place identity to form, resulting in consonance between environmental expectations and reality. The former creates abstract identities resulting in unrealistic expectations and weak/no immediate attachment to the festival environment. A Model of Festival Place provides continuity-based festival recommendations allowing for clearer theoretical and practical understanding across tourism events.     

情感凝聚对旅游者环境负责任行为的影响研究——晋东南地区传统村落民宿情境下的实证检验

旅游者环境负责任行为对乡村旅游的高质量发展意义重大。本文基于情感凝聚理论,探讨旅游者与民宿主之间的情感凝聚对其环境负责任行为的预测效果。以晋东南地区传统村落为案例地收集数据,采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,对乡村民宿情境下,旅游者环境负责任行为的维度及“情感凝聚—环境负责任行为”影响路径的存在与否,进行实证检验。结果显示：（1）乡村民宿情境下,旅游者环境负责任行为既包括生态环境负责任行为,亦包括社会环境负责任行为和经济环境负责任行为;（2）旅游者与民宿主之间的情感凝聚能够显著促进其环境负责任行为,影响程度从高到低依次是生态环境负责任行为、社会环境负责任行为和经济环境负责任行为;（3）情感凝聚的3个二阶构念对旅游者环境负责任行为的影响程度从高到低依次是同情理解、情感亲密度和受欢迎程度。本文拓展了情感凝聚理论的应用范畴,为旅游者环境负责任行为相关研究提供了新的视角,亦为乡村旅游目的地政府和企业激发旅游者环境负责任行为提供了实践启示。     

The Value of Service Robots from the Hotel Guest’s Perspective: A Mixed-Method Approach

Service robots (SR) are increasingly valued and embraced; they are here to stay. Research on collaborative intelligence to better understand robotic-human partnerships is scarce. To bridge that gap this study aimed to examine the value of SR from the guest’s perspective, thus gain a deeper understanding of the co-value creation process in the context of full-service hotels. A mixed-method design was used to capture the depth and breadth of perceived value of SR. Study 1 is a qualitative study probing consumers’ sense making regarding SR. Study 2 used structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses derived from Study 1. Results indicate that perceived privacy, functional benefits of SR, and robot appearance positively influence consumers’ attitude towards adoption of SR. Functional benefits and novelty had an impact on the individuals’ anticipated overall experience. Attitude and anticipated overall experience, in turn, enhanced consumers’ acceptance of SR. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.     

Factors affecting consumption of raw or undercooked foods in restaurants

ABSTRACT

As consumers increase their consumption of Food and Drug Administration defined risky foods, more restaurants have begun to offer risky foods. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cultural norms, experience, and knowledge on risky foods. This study measured the effect of perceived food riskiness on the likelihood of consuming risky foods with personal risk-taking level as a moderating variable. Results suggest that consumer perceptions of risky foods affect the likelihood of consumption. Perception is affected by three factors; cultural norm, experience, and knowledge. Results of this study can help restaurant managers better understand which consumers are interested in risky foods, the reasons why these consumers are interested in risky foods, and perhaps to whom to market risky foods most effectively and efficiently.     

A process perspective on experience co-creation: How pre-trip involvement prompts destination loyalty

Although the existing literature has suggested that tourists' experience co-creation during or after trips benefits destination loyalty, knowledge of how pre-trip behavior impacts future behavioral intention from a process perspective is limited. To address the gaps, we develop a logic chain linking past behavior, cognition, emotion, and future behavioral intention under a stage-by-stage process of tourists' experience co-creation using the service-dominant logic of value co-creation theory and the self-consistency principle of attitude theory. Empirically, utilizing PLS-SEM and mediation analysis in a survey (n = 500) and an experiment (n = 128), we found a serial mediation pathway whereby high-degree pre-trip involvement heightened satisfaction with the co-creation of experience, which increased place identity or place dependence, and which ultimately enhanced destination loyalty. This research is the first attempt to examine the impact of past behavior on future intention for tourists’ experience co-creation from a process perspective.     

The chain of effects from authenticity cues to purchase intention: The role of emotions and restaurant image

The current study aimed to address the lack of studies on consumers’ perceived authenticity of traditional restaurants. Specifically, this study examined the antecedents of perceived authenticity by focusing on three restaurant attributes (i.e., authenticator, ownership type, and history). Additionally, by utilizing cognitive appraisal theory, the current study developed an authenticity model to enhance our understanding of the effect of perceived authenticity on consumer behavior. The results show that authentication by local people and chain ownership significantly enhance consumers’ perceived authenticity. Moreover, consumers’ perceived authenticity influences their purchase intention both directly and indirectly through restaurant image and positive emotion. This study’s findings provide traditional restaurateurs with insights into how to enhance perceived authenticity and purchase intention.     

Guiltless consumption of space as an individualistic pursuit: mapping out the leisure self at Starbucks in Taiwan

Despite the popularity of spending leisure time at Starbucks, leisure researchers have neglected coffee drinking space. This study explicates how Starbucks consumers are not purchasing coffee but instead are consuming comfort, pleasure and a western middle-class image as well as space to pursue their activities – whether study, work or simply some time alone. By employing participant observation together with ethnographic interviews with 34 informants conducted on site in Starbucks, this five-year study explores the life narratives of these coffee enthusiasts, and illustrates how the leisure space is socially constructed through complex interpersonal, institutional and societal negotiations. Discourses retrieved from these life narratives demonstrate hedonic pursuits without associated guilt, a sense of productivity and a perceived upward mobility. Drawing on theories regarding the third place and space, this study concludes that the Taiwanese incarnation of Starbucks investigated herein reflects aspects of Oldenburg’s third place. It represents an interstitial space where individualistic pursuits are manoeuvred to resist the traditional collectivistic Taiwanese society.