国家公园官方投射形象与游客感知形象对比研究——以武夷山国家公园为例

国家公园作为我国生态文明成就体现的重要场域之一,促进其投射与感知形象的契合是提高国民认同度的关键点。本研究以武夷山国家公园为例,收集武夷山国家公园官方宣传文本与携程旅行网站游客评论文本,基于旅游凝视理论,利用隐含狄利克雷分布(LDA)主题模型方法,对武夷山国家公园官方投射形象与游客感知形象进行对比分析。结果表明：(1)网络语境下国家公园形象可归纳为自然资源、文化资源、旅游体验、设施服务、价值地位5个维度;(2)“投射—感知”形象的核心高频词重合率仅为1/3,官方宣传内容的广泛性与游客感知体验的具体性有较大差别;(3)分维比较显示,自然资源维度的“投射—感知”形象契合度高,其他维度均存在错位现象。在此基础上,本研究运用二维象限法,构建了国家公园形象的维持区域、优势区域和改进区域,并针对各区域特点提出了基于国家公园管理组织主导的策略建议。     

多主体视角下广府庙会的形象表征及差异

随着互联网发展,节事形象的表征主体日益丰富。现有关于旅游形象的研究多从主客.视角出发,忽略了对媒介形象的考察。本文以广府庙会为案例,选取涉入群体的访谈材料和媒介文本进行分析。研究发现:广府庙会的表征可划分为政策偏好、定位功能、产品策划、氛围环境及地点场所5个维度;主办方对广府庙会的表征可以看作官方建构的投射形象,参与者的表征是其对广府庙会的感知形象,投射形象与感知形象之间存在一定差异;媒介在主办方与参与者之间起到联结作用,媒介形象成为投射形象与感知形象之间的过渡形象。     

基于网络文本的衡山旅游投射形象与感知形象对比研究

网络文本对于研究旅游地形象具有重要价值,本文以衡山为研究案例,运用ROST软件统计衡山的投射形象和感知形象两方面的信息,进行高频词分析、共词分析、差异分析、情感分析等,发现衡山的旅游形象可归纳为旅游吸引物、历史与文化、旅游设施与服务、旅游宣传与保护、旅游体验五大主题,旅游者的感知形象与旅游供给者的投射形象存在差异,旅游者的消极感知主要来源于天气影响、交通不便和旅游旺季人多拥挤三个方面。基于此,文中提出相关建议,以期对衡山旅游形象的完善与提升、旅游营销战略的改进提供参考。     

国外游客对世界文化遗产苏州园林的形象认知研究——基于自然语言处理的不同粒度分析

世界遗产地是文化传播的重要窗口,挖掘国外游客的世界遗产目的地形象认知,有助于实现旅游的跨文化交流功能和目的地的国际化发展。本文以世界文化遗产苏州园林为案例地,通过获取TripAdvisor网站的评论数据,从主题词、语义网络、句子情感等粒度角度,展开国外游客对世界文化遗产苏州园林的形象认知研究。结果表明：（1）国外游客对世界文化遗产的认知包括整体形象、语义网络形象和情感形象3个维度,遗产景区的跨文化交流得到实现,积极情感占据主导,表达了国外游客对苏州园林的喜爱和满意程度。（2）国外游客主要关注到世界文化遗产的景观、体验、空间符号和服务等方面,同时关注敏感度存在差异,呈现出体验>景观>服务>空间符号的特征。（3）核心吸引物差异会导致国外游客对世界文化遗产构建的认知网络差异。     

基于网络文本分析的郑州黄河文化公园旅游形象感知研究

文章以携程网的游客评论为研究样本,运用ROST CM6软件和网络文本分析法,基于“认知—情感”模型,从游客感知视角研究郑州黄河文化公园旅游形象。结果表明：郑州黄河文化公园认知形象包括旅游吸引物、旅游区位与环境、旅游设施与服务、旅游体验4个主类目及9个次类目;情感形象以积极情感为主,消极情感集中在旅游服务与管理方面。最后,文章从打造黄河文旅品牌、丰富旅游场景、完善配套设施、加强景区管理4个方面对郑州黄河文化公园旅游形象提升提出对策和建议。     

滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值的影响因素研究——以广西北海银滩国家级旅游度假区为例

把握影响游客感知价值的关键因素,有助于促进旅游目的地竞争力的提升。以广西北海银滩国家级旅游度假区为研究区域,采用携程旅行网北海银滩游客网络评论资料作为研究样本,运用扎根理论方法构建包括5个主范畴和18个对应范畴的滨海游客感知价值影响因素模型,并运用复杂系统的决策实验和评估实验法（Decision making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory,DEMATEL）模型构建滨海游客感知价值影响因素的关系矩阵,识别影响滨海游客感知价值的关键因素。研究发现：资源和环境、管理和保护、设施和服务、情感和成本价值构成了滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值的重要维度,天气条件、海滩规模、海滩管理和保护、游客愉悦感、游客娱乐体验项目、旅游基础设施及服务是影响滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值的关键因素。据此提出促进我国滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值提升的相关建议。     

游客感知与政府宣传:资源相似型旅游目的地形象维度对比研究——以云南西双版纳州和德宏州为例

旅游形象研究对资源相似型旅游目的地发展具有现实意义。在已有研究基础上将政府宣传形象纳入资源相似型旅游目的地旅游形象研究范畴,并选取资源禀赋高度近似的西双版纳州和德宏州为案例,实现游客感知与政府宣传旅游形象对比,选择两地游客网络游记与政府宣传网络文本为研究样本,运用内容分析法和IPA模型对两地游客感知与政府宣传旅游形象进行对比研究。研究结果表明:旅游吸引物形象维度在资源相似型目的地旅游形象中具有“非敏感性”;资源相似型旅游目的地游客感知与政府宣传旅游形象呈现出“差异—趋同”特征;资源相似型旅游目的地在“认同—错位”和“差异—趋同”效应的叠加作用下,具有各自的优势旅游形象维度。     

基于网络文本分析的广西明仕田园旅游形象感知研究

<正>文章主要对广西大新明仕旅游度假区核心区域——明仕田园的旅游形象感知进行研究,以“明仕田园”为特征词在携程旅行平台进行检索,并使用八爪鱼软件爬取游客在线评论,由此获得网络评价文本数据,通过使用ROST CM6.0软件,运用网络文本分析法分别对网络评价文本数据进行词频分析、社会语义网络分析以及情感分析。研究发现:第一,明仕田园旅游形象感知要素可划分为四个维度,分别为旅游资源、旅游特色要素、旅游设施及服务、旅游体验及评价,自然景观与互动体验项目是其核心吸引物;第二,游客对明仕田园影视剧要素感知度较高,明仕田园影视剧资源独具特色,有利于化解桂林遮蔽明仕田园旅游形象的问题;第三,游客对明仕田园的评价总体情感倾向为正面,并且正面情绪倾向评价数量大约是负面情绪倾向评价的2倍,负面情绪倾向评价占比相对较高,同时存在一定比例的中性情绪。     

基于网络文本的玉龙雪山旅游形象感知研究

<正>文章以携程网的在线评论文本作为研究样本,采用基于“认知—情感—总体”的三维理论模型,运用文本分析法探究游客对玉龙雪山旅游形象的感知。研究表明：游客对玉龙雪山的认知形象主要表现在旅游吸引物、旅游活动、旅游服务与管理和景区环境与氛围四个方面;情感形象以积极为主,消极情感主要集中在天气因素和景区内部管理两个方面;从整体上看,游客对玉龙雪山旅游形象的评价比较高,但仍有较大的提升空间。基于此,文章提出优化玉龙雪山旅游形象的建议。     

基于网络游记的河南开封市旅游目的地形象感知研究

文章首先运用Python爬取携程网关于河南省开封市的游记，随后利用ROST CM6软件对游记进行分析，从认知形象分析、情感形象分析、整体感知形象分析三个维度分析了开封市旅游目的地形象感知，并将研究结果和前人的研究成果进行对比，得出了以下结论：一是在认知形象上，游客对开封的基本认知以人文类别旅游景区为主；二是在情感形象上，游客对开封的积极情感认知主要集中在旅游吸引物、人文历史、旅游演艺、旅游美食、旅游住宿这些维度，对开封的消极情感认知主要集中在旅游交通方面；三是在整体感知形象上，游客对开封的核心形象可以定义为“以宋文化为代表的文化古都”。     

The Study of Post-disaster Tourism Recovery and Reconstruction Based on Tourist Motivations: The Case of Jiuzhaigou after “5·12” Wenchuan Earthquake

旅游业灾后恢复重建是灾区经济社会恢复重建的重要“突破口”,尤其在旅游业作为主导产业或支柱产业的地区;而理解灾区游客旅游动机有利于旅游业灾后恢复重建管理战略的制定.该研究以遭受“5·12”汶川地震影响的九寨沟为例,运用结构方程模型,引入“灾害事件引发的旅游动机”,对灾区国内游客的多种旅游动机交互作用关系进行分析,证实了灾区旅游业恢复重建管理中:①恢复重建的关键内容是“核心旅游吸引物与安全”;②恢复重建的重点区域是灾区内已有高知名度的旅游地或在灾害事件中成为全球关注焦点的地区;③对目的地优质旅游接待服务意象的修复或构建能够恢复和提升灾区的旅游市场竞争力;④灾后旅游业市场营销需要重新区分客源市场并进行定位;⑤国民对灾区的爱国情怀可能会为目的地带来更多的国内旅游流,但需要营造“到灾区旅游是对灾区恢复重建最大援助”的社会氛围.     

Local Perspectives on the Impact of Tourism on Religious Festivals in Bhutan

The Himalayan nation of Bhutan is known to embrace Gross National Happiness rather than Gross National Product as the measure of its people's well-being. Happiness, spirituality and cultural authenticity are prominent factors in Bhutan's tourism image, and these attributes are most clearly exhibited in the traditional festivals that are among the most popular attractions for many foreign tourists. This paper introduces the cultural practice of religious festivals in Bhutan and investigates how tourism may be affecting these festivals. Within this context, this paper reports on the findings of a survey of Bhutanese monks and lay people, regarding their impressions of the effects of tourists on one particular event – the Tsechu festival. With the Bhutanese government's aim to increase the number of annual tourists more than fourfold to 200,000 by 2018, this research provides a baseline study of the perceived impact of tourism on religious festivals and addresses the issue of whether such an increase in volume of tourists would pose a threat to the integrity and value of these festivals as perceived by Bhutanese people.     

Wine Tourists’ Destination Region Brand Image Perception and Antecedents: Conceptualization of a Winescape Framework

This study conceptualizes the winescape framework using a wine region's image as perceived by wine tourists, in the process integrating grounded theory, namely servicescape, destination choice, and place-based marketing theories. Using an a priori approach, it identifies the winescape construct in a framework of eight dimensions within the wine tourism environment in a study with 996 respondents in a well-known Canadian wine region. The most important dimension of the winescape is the region's natural beauty/setting (landscape). Other high impact characteristics are the service staff and friendly local people, overall ambience and the diversity of wine estates. The dynamic of first-time and repeat visitation plays a key role in visitors’ wine tourism behavior and their perception of the winescape. The decision to engage in wine tourism is generally impulsive, even spurious, and the motivations guiding the visitors’ behavior predominantly hedonic in nature.     

Online destination image: Comparing national tourism organisation's and tourists' perspectives

This study examines the perceived and projected online destination images (DI) manifested in tourist-generated content (TGC) and national tourism organisation (NTO) generated content. Through visual content analysis and mise en scène analysis of photographic data as well as content analysis and perceptual mapping analysis of textual data, the differences between perceived and projected online DI of Eastern Taiwan were explored. TGC and NTO contents were both found to have similarly represented Eastern Taiwan as a destination abounds with “natural environment”, “infrastructure”, “specific activities”, and “tourist attractions”. However, several important DI dimensions were under-represented in the NTO content, for example, “food and beverages”, “transportation”, “information” and “accommodation”. The findings further reveal that the TGC textual content tended to outperform NTO textual content in reflecting affective DI; and photographic content, in general, was more effective in conveying affective attributes. The findings provide useful insights for practice and future research in DI management.     

旅游地属性与旅游者感知态度和购后行为的关系——以九寨沟风景区为例

识别旅游地的属性对于旅游地形象、满意度以及旅游者的重游意愿和推荐意愿的效用是非常重要的.本文以九寨沟风景区为案例,采用因子分析和回归分析等方法,研究发现:①九寨沟风景区地方属性可以分为资源价值和人文环境氛围、接待服务、自然旅游资源和环境3个维度.②不是九寨沟所有的地方属性都对其形象的形成、满意度、重游意愿和推荐意愿有显著作用,在18个属性中只有11个属性与旅游者的感知态度和购后行为有关.可以构建旅游地属性与旅游者的感知和态度关系的结构模型.③九寨沟风景区地方属性的效用和感知质量的高低是不完全耦合关系.研究可以为旅游地的旅游开发与管理提供建议,有助于旅游地采取针对性的改善措施与市场营销策略.     

Problematising ‘Festival Tourism’: Arts Festivals and Sustainable Development in Ireland

This paper problematises the term ‘festival tourism’. It conceptualises festivals as socially sustaining devices and argues that while they frequently function as tourist attractions, their social significance extends far beyond tourism. Using empirical material gathered in two case study arts festivals in Ireland, the paper demonstrates how festivals can contribute to arts development by inter alia creating demand for the arts, enhancing venue infrastructures, encouraging local creativity and animating local involvement. The paper contends that arts festivals, irrespective of their initial objectives almost inevitably develop tourist profiles over time and it proceeds to examine how changing tourism priorities in the two festivals studied impact upon sustainable festival practices. The findings suggest that tourism emerged as a key force promoting festival growth and expansion. It was found to be associated with increased revenue flows but also with increased arts activity on a year-round basis and with an improved venue infrastructure in both places. However, problems were identified with respect to the quality of the relationship forged between the festivals and local populations in the respective places. The paper concludes by arguing that festivals’ engagement with tourism needs to be carefully managed in the interests of promoting the socially sustaining function of festivals and of encouraging sustainable approaches to tourism development.     

The Image of Taiwan as a Travel Destination: Perspectives from Mainland China

This study presents the perceived and projected image of Taiwan as a travel destination from perspectives from Mainland China. The perceived image of Taiwan was examined by interviewing 28 Mainland Chinese; the projected image of Taiwan was investigated by analyzing articles in China's most popular travel magazines. The different types of images of Taiwan among visitors, nonvisitors, and travel magazines were compared. The projected image changed notably after the opening of Taiwan's tourism to travelers from Mainland China. The results of this study could help destination marketing organizations to assess their marketing strategies for the Mainland Chinese travel market.     

湿地公园游客感知价值研究

游客感知价值作为旅游目的地竞争优势的新来源,已经得到旅游学者的广泛重视。随着湿地公园作为旅游目的地吸引力的不断增强,湿地公园之间的竞争也将日趋激烈,湿地公园游客感知价值成为湿地公园竞争力管理的标准。文章以西溪和溱湖两大湿地公园为案例地,检验湿地公园游客感知价值量表,探讨湿地公园游客感知价值的结构特征。通过探索性和验证性因子分析,研究得到包括23个题项6个维度的游客感知价值量表,6个维度分别是：环境价值、特色价值、服务价值、管理价值、知识教育价值和成本价值。其中,特色价值、管理价值、知识教育价值是湿地公园感知价值的独特维度。溱湖游客对特色价值和知识教育价值的感知显著高于西溪游客。文章最后讨论了研究的理论贡献和管理意义。