企业ESG表现会影响盈余价值相关性吗？

ESG理念与我国新发展理念不谋而合,已成为推动经济高质量发展的重要解题思路。文章从信息决策有用性视角,以2010-2020年中国A股上市公司为样本,研究了企业ESG表现与盈余价值相关性之间的关系。研究发现,企业ESG表现显著提高了会计盈余的价值相关性。机制检验表明,ESG表现通过能力转化（增强企业内生增长能力和降低经营风险）、信息传导（提供非财务增量信息和吸引分析师关注）和企业声誉（提升企业声誉）这三种机制来提高会计盈余的价值相关性。异质性分析发现,ESG表现能够提高可持续盈余和非可持续盈余的价值相关性,但对前者的提升作用更强,且企业ESG表现提高盈余价值相关性的作用仅显著存在于盈利公司。文章揭示了ESG表现影响资本市场的具体效应和内在逻辑,对我国进一步推动ESG体系建设和经济高质量发展具有重要启示。     

新会计准则对会计信息价值相关性的影响研究

2006年,我国财政部颁布了新的会计准则。本文以2005—2008年同时在A股和H股上市的企业为样本,对新会计准则对上市公司价值相关性的影响进行了实证研究。研究发现:新会计准则实施后,会计盈余、净资产及经营活动现金流量等会计信息整体上的价值相关性相较于执行前未有显著提高,但经营活动现金流量的价值相关性相较于实施前得到提高,且经营活动现金流量在会计盈余基础上能向投资者传递增量信息。     

会计盈余、现金流量与投资价值相关性研究

随着现金流量表项目编制的日益完善,现金流量信息作为投资价值参考指标的作用越来越受到关注。然而在判断与投资价值的相关性时,其与传统的会计盈余指标相比,究竟是谁与投资价值的关系更强?文章在文献回顾的基础上,以中国沪深两市部分上市公司近三年会计期间的现金流量与会计盈余为数据样本,运用统计学方法,对二者与投资价值之间的相关性进行了实证研究。研究结果表明会计盈余和现金流量二者均与投资价值之间存在着相关关系,且现金流量可以在会计盈余基础上提供增量解释。依据实证研究数据,推定了会计盈余、现金流量与投资价值之间线性关系的存在,并指出了文章存在的局限性。     

企业资源配置战略与盈余价值相关性*

本文基于资源配置战略视角，以我国2007—2016年非金融类A股上市公司为样本，实证探究不同资源配置战略下的盈余价值相关性差异。研究发现：从整体看，经营主导型公司的净利润较投资主导型公司更具有价值相关性；从构成看，核心利润的价值相关性在经营主导型公司中更强、投资收益的价值相关性在投资主导型公司中更强。综上表明，资源配置战略是影响公司盈余价值相关性的重要因素。本文丰富和扩展了有关盈余价值相关性的研究，为投资者解读公司的盈余信息提供了一种新视角，对投资决策具有一定的借鉴意义。     

会计盈余质量与价值相关性: 来自深市的经验证据

会计信息质量是影响会计盈余价值相关性的重要因素之一。本文将以深圳证券交易所(以下简称深交所)每年对上市公司信息披露考评结果作为反映信息披露质量的变量,采用价格模型研究会计信息质量对会计盈余价值相关性的影响,并分析交易所的信息质量考评是否会带来增量信息含量以及会计信息质量是否会对现金流量价值相关性产生影响。     

公允价值会计信息对投资决策影响的实证研究

决策有用观认为,财务报告目标就是向会计信息的使用者提供对他们进行决策有用的信息,而对决策有用的信息主要是关于企业经营业绩及资源变动的信息。因此,本文基于我国2010年采用公允价值计量模式的深沪市A股上市公司的年报为研究样本,研究了在运用新会计准则（2007）下,考察确认和披露的公允价值是否与投资者的投资决策相关,以及具备足够可靠性的计量金额对投资者是否具有增量的信息含量。研究表明,公允价值的披露提高了会计盈余的价值相关性,按公允价值计量的投资持有的损益对相关股价和收益率有增量解释力。     

公允价值会计影响盈余预测能力吗?

本文以2007年1季度—2011年3季度的沪深A股企业为样本,对公允价值变动产生的损益是否影响利润波动性以及如何影响企业盈余预测能力进行了实证检验。结果表明:公允价值会计作为一种新的计量属性,给公司利润带来了很大影响,加剧了公司利润的波动;剔除公允价值变动后,样本的盈余预测能力强于原样本的盈余预测能力。在对总样本按照公允价值变动损益占净利润比重大小进行分组检验后发现,在公允价值计量下,公允价值变动损益占净利润比重越大,样本的盈余预测能力越弱。     

上市公司会计盈余质量评价标准:理论层次与现实选择

文章从经济收益观、信息观、计量观及契约观角度剖析了会计收益的理论评价标准,指出其理论评价标准可检验现行会计盈余确定模式的合理性和执行的有效性,却不能提高现行财务报告框架下会计盈余信息的决策价值。基于决策相关性的会计盈余质量应包含两层含义:一是会计收益与真实收益的匹配程度,二是会计收益与企业未来净现金流量数额、时间、或然性的匹配程度,体现收益信息的预测价值。因此文章将会计盈余质量评价标准界定为"盈余的可持续增长能力",并提出了构建其量化评价指标的初步思路。     

对新会计准则公允价值在企业中运用的探析

公允价值的运用引起了很多争议，有些人认为采用公允价值，使财务报表更加逼近经济现实，极大提高了会计信息对投资者和债权人的决策相关性。还有部分学者认为在会计计量中大量运用公允价值，会导致企业利润剧增、经营业绩大幅波动，而且为盈余操纵提供巨大空间，并且大大增加了企业税负。本文认为企业采用公允价值后，会对其利润和税收产生一定的影响，但是影响不大。     

可持续增长率的价值相关性研究

本文以2004-2009年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本，用实证研究的方法证明：在中国证券市场，传统会计利润指标（每股收益）的价值相关性最高；价值创造指标（EVA）的价值相关性最低；可持续增长率的价值相关性高于EVA但低于每股收益。     

Market segmentation and information values of earnings announcements: Some empirical evidence from an event study on the Chinese stock market

This paper investigates the trading activities of two distinct classes of shareholders, namely, the Chinese domestic investors and the foreign investors in the segmented Chinese A- and B-share markets, respectively. We conduct an event study on the annual earnings announcements based on two different accounting standards: International accounting standards (IAS) and PRC generally accepted accounting principles (PRC GAAP). The earnings announcements based on IAS and PRC GAAP are value relevant. The investors in the B-share market react to both the IAS and PRC GAAP earnings announcements, while the investors in the A-share market pay more attention to the PRC GAAP earnings reports. In the B-share market, positive abnormal returns are associated with positive earnings surprise and negative abnormal returns go with negative earnings surprise. We find preevent abnormal trading volumes without significant price changes for the A shares, which may be due to existing information in the A-share market prior to earnings announcements. The postevent abnormal trading volumes last for a longer period in the A-share market than in the B-share market.     

中国会计国际化的战略选择

经济全球化必然要求会计标准走向统一,全球会计准则正以势不可挡的速度向我们涌来,中国会计国际化的进程相对滞后.中国会计标准与国际会计标准之间还存在着系统的差异,差异对上市公司的财务信息披露形成了重大影响.中国资本市场的持续发展和对外开放、WTO的加入、国际贸易的日益扩大等,迫切需要采用全球化会计标准的支持.     

Simultaneous Releases of U.S. and Foreign GAAP Earnings

Prior studies examine the incremental information content of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) reconciliation of U.S. listed foreign firms and find mixed results. One of the main methodological issues in prior studies is the uncertainty concerning the dates of the reconciliation releases. This study examines the information content of U.S.GAAP reconciliation for a sample of U.S. listed foreign firms that released both U.S. and foreign GAAP earnings information simultaneously. The findings show that there is no incremental information content for the U.S. GAAP reconciliation over foreign GAAP earnings. When added to other empirical evidence from prior studies, this studies' results of no incremental information content further support the recent SEC announcement to work towards eliminating the reconciliation by 2009 for firms using IFRS.     

Market revaluations of foreign listings' reconciliations to U.S. financial reporting

The Securities and Exchange Commission requires foreign firms wishing to list their securities on the U.S. exchanges to convert their financial statements to U.S.-based generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in a reconciliation filing known as Form 20-F. This paper extends prior research analyzing the importance of the SEC requirement by examining the value relevance to U.S. capital markets of Form 20-F reconciliation information under two additional hypotheses: investors' anticipation of the reconciliation, and investors' perception of foreign countries' enforcement and reliability in applying local accounting rules. It is argued that the information content of the Form 20-F reconciliation data is preempted (at least partially) on the date of foreign earnings announcements because of investor anticipation of these reconciliations. Therefore, only significant unanticipated reconciliations exhibit value relevance on the date of filing. In addition, investor perception of the reliability of the reconciliations and the degree of confidence in foreign authorities enforcing local GAAP also affect the value relevance of the reconciliation data. This study hypothesizes that reconciliations made by firms from countries with mature and developed capital markets should be more value relevant to U.S. investors. The results show that both unexpected foreign earnings and anticipated reconciliations to U.S. GAAP are significantly associated with unexpected market returns during the week of earnings announcements. The region of the foreign country is also significantly associated with market returns. However, unexpected reconciliations are not significantly associated with unexpected market returns during the week of Form 20-F filing.     

会计准则变迁、公司治理对盈余管理的影响分析——基于结构方程模型的实证研究

本文应用结构方程模型分析了2006年新会计准则实施前后会计准则变迁和公司治理对盈余管理的共同作用。结果表明:会计准则的应用仅改变了上市公司盈余管理的具体方法如从固定资产减值准备转回改为构造债务重组收入,却无法从总体上约束这些企业的盈余管理行为。且新会计准则实行后的2007-2009会计年度,上市公司的盈余质量有降低趋势,但对亏损公司调减利润的行为有改进。     

Herding behaviour and the declining value relevance of accounting information: evidence from an emerging stock market

This article sheds light on the underlying mechanisms behind the changes in the value relevance of accounting information in the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) during the 1999–2010 period. We find that neither changes in earnings quality nor the earnings lack of timeliness hypothesis can explain the decline in the value relevance of accounting information in the KSE. Based on the stylized facts associated with the growth of the KSE and the broader economics literature, we argue that the reduction in the explanatory power of accounting information vis-à-vis stock returns was caused by herding behaviour. Empirical estimates from state-space model of herding behaviour confirm the existence of herding, and we find that the value relevance of accounting information is significantly lower in periods characterized by herding behaviour. This article is also amongst the first attempts to empirically demonstrate that an expansionary monetary policy and increases in foreign portfolio investment lead to increased levels of herding.     

资产减值会计信息价值相关性:整体分析

本文利用2001～2006年度的上市公司数据,以价值相关性作为判断资产减值会计信息质量的标准。通过实证分析显示,资产减值会计信息更多体现为损益表项目而非资产负债表项目。这表明,资产减值没有反映资产价值的真实减少,而沦为管理层操纵盈余的工具。本文还以深交所信息披露评级作为判断信息披露质量的标准,实证结果显示,信息披露评级的高低没有影响资产减值会计信息的价值相关性。     

会计准则改革与会计质量的改进研究

以新企业会计准则实施前后各一年为研究区间,以一般上市公司为研究样本,针对会计准则和会计质量的变化进行实证研究。建立有关模型,对2006年和2007年的样本公司进行了实证分析。结果表明,新准则在提高价值相关性方面有贡献,也提高了大额亏损确认的频率。但新准则在盈余管理控制上并没能起到显著的效果。因此,新准则对公司会计质量的提高作用是有限的。     

Financial Market Data Versus Accounting Data: Which Better Explains Stock Returns?

This paper presents the comparison of how financial market and accounting data affect stock prices and returns. The goal was to ascertain whether financial information or accounting data dominate in evaluating stock prices. Most valuation techniques used by firms are based on models using either accounting variables (earnings, book value, cash flows, research and development expenses) or financial market data (e.g. beta, market value, interest). The answer is of great importance for valuators and investors as it will help them focus on the most important variables and make better valuations and choices. This answer is also important for accounting standard setters as the preferred method will serve as an indicator for the quality of financial statements and their importance to users. The paper contributes to the existing literature in the fields of value relevance of accounting information and firm valuation and accounting standards (e.g. International Financial Reporting Standards, United States General Accepted Accounting Principles). To answer this question, share prices were estimated based on financial data using the capital asset pricing model and for accounting data, using Ohlson’s model. The results were tested for both methodologies by comparing estimated share prices with actual ones. The greater the correlation between the two variables the better the explanatory power of the model. The focus was on S&P 500 firms for the period 2002–2017.