深化农村改革促进农民增收

当前影响农民收入增长的因素很多。作者认为离开争取影响措施,进一步深化农村经济社会改革,探寻农民增收的新途径。     

发展农村经济促进农民增收

《乡镇传真》栏目,本期与读者见面了。毫无疑问,乡镇一直是我国最基本的行政和经济单元,是国民经济中相对独立的子系统和支撑点。乡镇一级的经济活力大,潜力也大,值得关注。希望能以《乡镇传真》栏目为载体,快速、真实地反映全省乡镇工作的实际成效和乡镇长的心声,公正客观地记录农村经济社会发展的最新动态及改革与发展过程中的新问题、新现象和新举措。期望乡镇长踊跃参与,提出问题或见解,使栏目更贴近需求,内容更切合实际,更好地为大家服务。     

推进农村城镇化 促进农民增收

农村城镇化在许多方面有利于促进农民增收，然而，当前农村城镇化过程中存在着诸多问题，这些问题在一定程度上阻碍着农民收入的增加。为此，作者认为要把农民增收和城镇化发展结合起来，采取多种措施加快农村城镇化的进程。     

大力发展农村沼气 促进农村经济社会发展

我国把发展农村沼气作为开发可再生能源、节约自然资源、保护生态环境的重要举措,纳入了农村经济社会发展总体规划。烟台市农村沼气的发展形势和现状,要始终坚持科学发展观,紧紧围绕城乡一体化和新农村建设的总体要求,以农业废弃物资源化利用、改善农村和农业生态环境、提高农民生活质量为目标,以发展户用沼气和中小型工程沼气为重点,全面规划,分步实施。     

西部农村文化产业发展促进农民增收的机理分析

文化产业是以文化产品和文化活动为主体对象,是从事精神文化产品生产和服务的行业。发展文化产业是西部农村新的增长点。本文从农民增收的角度论述发展文化产业促进农民增收的潜力,以及发展中存在的一些不利因素,最后提出发展西部农村文化产业的可行性建议。     

发展订单农业 促进农民增收

江永县地处永州市南端,全县总面积1571平方公里,耕地24万亩。盛产香柚、香米、香芋、香姜、香菇等优质农产品,是湖南省唯一的特色农业示范区。     

加强农村财务管理促进农民增收

党的十六届五中全会提出了建设“生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的社会主义新农村的重大历史任务。建设社会主义新农村,关键要促进农民增收。新形势下如何促进农民增收,推动农村经济社会可持续发展,是摆在当前各级党委、政府面前的一件重要问题。     

发展订单农业 促进农民增收

湖北浠水县双桥农贸中心是隶属于县供销社的一个小企业,1992年创办,发展到今天已有员工26人,经营面积2000平方米,1999年销售农副产品1．3万吨,总额达4500万元。其成功之处在于它坚持面向农村,服务农民,发展订单农业,实现了企业增效、农民增收的目标。     

农村发展的新阶段与农民增收

一、农业和农村经济发展的新阶段 　　改革开放以来,我国农民的收入一直是稳定增加的,特别是在 1979— 1984年和 1992— 1996年,曾出现过两次快速增长时期,使农民的生活水平有了很大改善,许多地区的农村已经实现了小康。但是,从 1997年开始,农民收入的增幅呈现出下滑趋势,增加农民收入遇到了许多困难,成为了农业和农村经济发展中的一个突出矛盾。 　　农民增收问题之所以越来越成为农业和农村经济发展中的突出矛盾,成为牵动经济发展全局的大事,是因为经过 20多年的改革与发展,我国农业和农村经济已经发生了根本性的变化,已经进…     

加快农村劳动力转移促进农民增收

农村富余劳动力的合理流动和转移,从农业以外的产业中获得效益,是提高农民收入、促进农村小康建设的重要途径.正如邓小平同志曾经指出的:"没有农民的小康,就没有全国的小康." 甘肃省作为农村人口占70%以上,经济欠发达的农业省份,农村外出劳动力转移问题更为突出,农民要求走出去摆脱贫困的愿望更为迫切.全省2600万人口中农业人口占2046万人,农村劳动力约1200万人,其中富余劳动力达300多万人.42万平方公里的土地中山地、荒漠、戈壁占三分之二.     

农民增收的公共政策分析

减轻农民负担,增加农民收入是事关农村经济发展和社会稳定的战略性问题.农民增收的政策措施是:调整政策价值取向;健全村民自治制度;加大利益调节力度.     

电子商务网站的收入、成本与效益分析

主要分析了影响电子商务网站盈利的收入来源、成本构成、管理等因素以及讨论了电子商务技术与经济的关系等。     

苏南、苏北收入差距与经济增长关系比较研究

基于江苏省1978～2009年经济增长率与收入差距面板数据,探讨了在不同经济发展水平下的收入差距与经济增长关系是否存在一致性问题。对江苏省收入差距与经济增长率数据经平滑处理后,运用江苏省、苏北、苏南通过面板协整分析,结果表明苏北地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在正相关的双向Granger因果关系,但是苏南地区的经济增长率与收入差距存在负相关的单向Granger因果关系。     

Job stress in Japanese academia: The role of relative income,time allocation by task,and children

We examine the role of income relative deprivation, time allocation by task, and children in the job stress experienced by Japanese academics. Males’ job stress increases when their incomes are lower than that of their peers’, but females are not susceptible to such income comparisons. Job stress decreases with hours spent on research, provided the hours are not excessive; however, hours spent in teaching and on administrative tasks always increase job stress. The presence of young children increases job stress only for females, and children largely explain the observed gender differences in job-related stress.     

Inequality in South Africa: The distribution of income,expenditure and earnings

This article empirically analyses the state of inequality in South Africa. International comparisons show South Africa to be among the most unequal countries in the world. The levels of income inequality and earnings inequality are analysed with a range of measures and methods. The results quantify the extremely high level of inequality in South Africa. Earnings inequality appears to be falling in recent years, with relative losses in the upper-middle parts of the earnings distribution. Decomposing income inequality by factor source reveals the importance of earnings in accounting for overall income inequality. The article concludes by observing that, internationally, significant sustained decreases in inequality rarely come about without policies aimed at achieving that, and suggests that strong policy interventions would be needed to reduce inequality in South Africa to levels that are in the range typically found internationally.     

Trade, convergence, and globalisation: The dynamics of the international income distribution, 1950-1998

This paper investigates the evidence for convergence in per capita incomes across 115 economies during the period 1950-1998 and examines the impact that international trade had on this process. Drawing on trade-conditioning within a distribution dynamics framework, that explicitly models frequency distributions of the cross sections of economies over time, this study suggests that trade patterns in the Golden Age were conducive to the formation of middle and high income groups or clubs of economies, but similar trade patterns (dominated by the rich economies) do not seem to explain the perpetuation of these group formations in the post-Golden Age period. If foreign trade is a key aspect of globalisation, why does it matter in accounting for the observed dynamics of the international income distribution during the Golden Age, but not during the decades since the first oil-shock? Further, the evidence from the ergodic (long-run equilibrium) distribution suggests that in the long term the established trade patterns favoured the growth of the rich at the expense of the poor economies across the world.     

The poverty of solidarity: the size and structure of informal income smoothing among worker households in Helsinki, 1928

Abstract

Informal income smoothing by households before the post-Second World War expansion in public welfare has gained attention in the history of poverty and social insurance. Little direct empirical evidence has been available. Finnish household budgets from 1928 with intra-year panel data on informal transactions enable analysis of the use of savings, loans and informal assistance to counter income variation by worker families in Helsinki. Income shares of transfers were small compared with labour-based methods of supplementing the earnings of the surveyed male breadwinner families. Within the year, however, the combined use of assistance, credit, and savings accounts compensated on average 36% of income fluctuations, while means such as added workers or taking in lodgers appeared ineffective on the short run. Informal assistance mattered for the poorest households, but provided inferior coverage compared with that attained through credit and savings by more affluent workers. Income inequality was therefore replicated as risk-management inequality.