对新疆霍城县农村沼气建设的思考

农村沼气建设是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,是广大农民群众的迫切要求。本文以新疆霍城县为例,介绍了该县沼气建设的基本情况和经验,分析了沼气建设中存在的问题,提出应从搞好宣传、增加资金投入、完善农村沼气技术服务体系、提高沼气的综合利用程度等方面采取措施,以加快农村沼气建设步伐。     

发展沼气生态农业 建设社会主义新农村

党的十六届五中全会提出的建设社会主义新农村具有重大的历史意义和现实意义。沼气技术的开发利用是加强农业基础设施和农村生态环境建设,促进清洁生产的重要手段。发展沼气,搞好沼气的综合利用,不仅可以解决农村生活用能,保护和改善农村生态环境,     

沼气改变的不仅是农家厨房——永登县农村沼气产业化发展侧记

沼气是国家已经开发利用的核能、太阳能、风能、生物能(沼气)等四大能源之一.沼气是首先在沼泽地带发现的无色、无毒、无味、能够燃烧的气体,人畜粪便等有机物在厌氧条件下通过发酵就能产生沼气.通过沼气池,将人畜粪便集中发酵,变废为宝.目前,我国农村使用的能源主要来自煤、农作物秸秆、电以及大牲畜粪便.随着沼气技术的日趋成熟,永登县近几年大规模发展沼气用户.     

德国农村再生能源--沼气开发利用的经验和启示

1德国沼气利用历史和现状 1948年,在德国的Odenwald小镇出现了第一个沼气设备.在30～70℃气温条件下,沼气从粪水、有机的垃圾、污水或食物残渣中产生甲烷菌.有机物分解时沼气产生甲烷菌,是可以燃烧的.到20世纪70～80年代,由于世界范围内出现了能源危机,使德国不得不努力寻找其它可替代的能源,由此,对生物质能源或再生能源的利用的研究十分重视,其中沼气利用的研究和实践也取得进展.20世纪90年代以来,德国在间歇式干法沼气发酵技术的研发上又取得了新的进展.1999年春季德国农村中农户共拥有600个沼气设备,目前已发展到800个.     

黑龙江省鸡西市沼气建设的理论与实践问题探究

沼气是一种新型能源,农村沼气工程建设不仅可以解决能源问题,还可以有效的保护和改善农村环境,增加农民收入.本文基于对黑龙江省鸡西市沼气工程建设的实地调研,总结了鸡西市沼气发展现状,采用对比分析的方法,总结了鸡西市沼气建设存在的问题,提出沼气建设的对策与建议.     

进一步提升农村能源建设水平

<正>要按照"巩固成果、优化结构,建管并重、强化服务,综合利用、提高水平"的总体思路,进一步提升农村能源建设水平,加强沼气服务体系建设,切实把工作重点转到改善服务、提高沼气利用率上来,促进农村沼气发展上规模     

户用沼气产业化:新农村建设模式的新探索——内蒙古大力推广户用沼气构建生态家园促进农牧业产业化纪实

编者按:内蒙古在实施国家户用沼气建设项目中,结合实际,不断创新发展模式,形成了以沼气建设为核心,集成农村牧区生产生活技术于一体的六种发展新模式,构建了农村牧区循环经济和生态家园的雏型,放大了沼气建设的功能和效益,成为农牧民致富新的"动力之源",农牧民建设户用沼气的积极性普遍高涨.同时,结合沼气应用创新发展了多种农牧业产业化模式.笔者与内蒙古自治区能源站的同志驱车3000余公里,先后走访了4个盟市、5个旗县区、15个农牧户、5个生态园区,深入采访了内蒙古沼气应用实践案例.     

进一步提升农村能源建设水平

要按照"巩固成果、优化结构,建管并重、强化服务,综合利用、提高水平"的总体思路,进一步提升农村能源建设水平,加强沼气服务体系建设,切实把工作重点转到改善服务、提高沼气利用率上来,促进农村沼气发展上规模、上水平,让更多农民受益.     

我国沼气后续管理服务模式分析

总结分析了我国目前沼气后续管理服务的多种模式以及各种模式的运行机制和优缺点。认为今后沼气后续管理服务的发展方向是市场化,运行机制是推进企业化经营;提出了促进我国沼气后续管理服务的总体发展思路、模式发展方向和相关政策建议。     

广西农村沼气服务现状调查与分析

采用文献和实地调查相结合的方式,对广西农村沼气服务状况进行调查和分析。结果表明：目前广西主要通过建立县、乡、村3级服务站（网点）来解决沼气后续服务问题,村级服务站（网点）普遍面临政策补贴少、人员待遇低、服务装备落后等问题。现阶段沼气服务覆盖率为79％．尚存21％的服务“真空”;沼气服务体系建设滞后,沼气池后续管理、维护服务禾到位的问题较突出。应采取积极的措施．加强沼气服务体系建设。为实现“十二五”提出的全区基本普及沼气的目标．推进生态文明示范区建设提供组织和服务保障。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.