The Development of The Local Area Network Market As Determined By User Needs

Using an original survey sample of 103 unquoted Belgian technology-based small firms (TBSFs), we examine the capital structure of start-up companies during their consecutive development stages. We find that internal funds, either alone as personal savings or in combination with family and friends, to be the primary source of financing. Personal funds of the founders are used to finance the start of 82% of TBSFs. Commercial bank and government funds are the most important sources of external finance for TBSFs subsequent to start-up. Most founders agreed that business angels and venture capitalists play a greater role at later stages. However, once granted, more substantial amounts of funding come from venture capitalists. There is also evidence that suggests a change in the mix of internal and external sources of finance. Finally, our findings based on founders’ scores in raising external funds suggest a call for urgent policy action to improve access to and availability of early-stage entrepreneurial finance in Belgium. We discuss our findings in light of the capital structure of small firms relating to TBSFs.     

宏观经济因素对我国农业上市公司资本结构影响的实证分析

农业上市公司的资本结构是否合理对公司的发展起着很重要的作用,而资本结构不止受到企业规模、盈利能力、成长能力等企业内部因素的影响,而且还会受到外部经济环境的影响。主要从经济增长、通货膨胀、政府财政支出、实际利率水平等宏观经济因素来分析对我国农业上市公司资本结构的影响。     

会计信息可比性与上市公司业绩预告外溢效应

现有信息披露对资本市场影响的实证研究主要集中研究公司信息披露与自身股价之间的关系。本文对我国上市公司2007—2017年发布的业绩预告的信息外溢效应进行了检验,发现上市公司业绩预告对行业内其他公司的市场反应具有显著解释力,表明我国资本市场业绩预告存在信息外溢现象。并且,公司间会计信息可比性越高,外溢效应越显著,表明会计信息可比性促进了公司间的信息传递,对投资者股票交易具有决策参考意义。进一步检验发现,可比性对信息外溢效应的促进作用在市场竞争更激烈的公司中更为显著。此外,预告公司和非预告公司的信息环境对信息传递的影响有所差异。本文研究结论为我国资本市场外部性现象提供经验证据,对于信息披露质量要求以及披露监管政策研究具有启示意义。     

CVC投资模式对大公司技术创新绩效影响的实证研究

公司风险投资（Corporate Venture Capital,简称CVC）通常发生在技术变革快速、竞争激烈的行业。大公司利用CVC,可以获取新技术、开拓新市场、识别新机会和发展商业关系,在实现公司技术创新绩效战略目标的同时提升财务绩效。由于投资动机、组织者背景和机制等不同,在实践中形成的不同CVC投资模式在不同程度上影响着大公司技术创新绩效。基于CVC投资模式对技术创新绩效的作用,提出研究假设,并以CVC比较活跃的腾讯、阿里巴巴等12家上市公司2013-2018年参与的918个CVC投资事件为样本,采用T检验和单因素方差分析方法,就CVC投资模式对技术创新绩效的影响进行实证研究。结果表明：①不同CVC投资模式对大公司技术创新绩效的影响存在显著差异;②联盟模式对技术创新投入与产出的影响显著优于附属创投和委托投资模式;③大公司应结合自身资金、经验和风险承受能力选择相应的CVC投资模式。     

中国互联网企业发展模式探析——以腾讯为例

目前腾讯已成长为一家业务涉及即时通信、电子商务、在线支付、搜索引擎、信息安全以及游戏、视频、社交网络、电信增值服务等多种业务的互联网综合服务提供商,市值超过350亿美元,是全球市值仅次于谷歌和亚马逊的互联网公司。研究腾讯公司从单一到多元化发展模式得出,腾讯的成功归于以即时通讯为核心业务,机会导向中迅速发展、营销策略的灵活性、战略性与前瞻性并驱。     

试论人力资本特性与公司人力资本风险防范

人力资本是经济增长和公司成长的重要因素,人力资本的使用效率对于公司整体的经济效益起着决定性作用.但是,由于人力资本的特有属性,即人力资本与其自然载体的不可分割性,使得公司在人力资本的使用中经常面临着人力资本关闭的风险.因而,公司应当通过完善治理结构,利用资本市场,优化融资结构,增加技术难度等措施防止人力资本风险问题,并可以借助于病假发生率,任务完成率等指标评价人力资本风险的大小.     

我国上市公司定向增发的财务效应研究

本文以2006年1月1日到2007年12月31日有定向增发新股预案且成功实施的A股公司为研究样本,对上市公司定向增发的财务效应进行了实证分析。文章首先对上市公司定向增发前后共三年的经营绩效的变化作比较分析,发现定向增发前后三年间公司整体经营绩效呈不断上升趋势;其次,在提出三大假设的基础上,建立多元线性回归模型对定向增发后上市公司整体经营绩效的影响进行实证分析,发现上市公司未来整体经营绩效与公司定向增发前第一大股东持股比例、注入资产类型、募资用途、发行前资产负债率、公司成长性存在显著的相关关系;最后,采用了新的关于衡量经营绩效的替代指标进行了稳健性检验,数据显示在所有重要方面均和回归结果一致,表明了本研究的严谨性及研究结论的可靠性。     

中小企业板公司上市前后绩效变动的实证研究

本文以2004—2005年在我国中小企业板上市的50家上市公司为研究对象,从净资产收益率、主营业务收入增长率和营业利润增长率三个指标出发,研究了中小企业板上市公司IPO前后的业绩变化是否具有显著性,并对引起业绩变化的相关因素进行了回归分析。研究结果表明:公司上市后的净资产收益率、主营业务收入增长率和营业利润增长率都出现了不同程度的下降;位于中西部地区的上市公司的整体绩效表现优于位于东部地区的上市公司;上市公司的管理层持股比例高、第一大股东持股比例高,其上市后业绩的下滑更明显;流通股比例对中小企业板公司上市前后的业绩影响不具有统计意义上的显著性。     

中国民营上市公司高管薪酬的影响因素——基于动态面板模型的实证分析

选取2003至2010年间三大地区、十一大类行业的207家民营上市公司作为样本,基于系统广义矩估计方法分析民营上市公司高管薪酬的影响因素。结果显示:产权更为清晰、市场化导向更为明确的民营上市公司高管薪酬具有显著的粘性特征,高管薪酬还受到公司经营业绩、公司资本结构、公司规模等因素的正向影响。中国民营上市公司高管薪酬在一定程度上发挥了激励作用。     

上市公司不确定会计信息披露问题研究——以浙江省A股上市公司为例

以不确定会计信息披露相关理论为依据,选择真实性、相关性、充分性、可比性、及时性、易得性等六个一级指标,以浙江省A股上市公司为样本,利用信息披露指数模型对我国上市公司不确定会计信息披露状况进行了分析。研究发现我国上市公司不确定会计信息披露存在着不确定会计信息披露不真实、不充分、不规范等问题,从构建成熟的资本市场、完善信息披露制度、提高上市公司内部管理水平等方面提出了对策建议。     

风险投资对上市公司投融资行为影响的实证研究

本文研究风险投资机构对上市公司投融资行为的影响机制和作用效果,结果发现:风险投资的加入不仅可以抑制公司对自由现金流的过度投资,而且可以增加公司的短期有息债务融资和外部权益融资,并在一定程度上缓解因现金流短缺所导致的投资不足问题。进一步研究还发现不同特征的风险投资机构均可起到抑制自由现金流过度投资的作用,但只有高持股比例、高声誉、联合投资或非国有背景的风险投资机构才能够显著地改善外部融资环境,缓解现金短缺公司的投资不足问题。综合本文研究结果,作者认为企业上市后仍然可以利用风险投资机构的监督职能、声誉资源和融资关系网络来解决代理问题和信息不对称问题,进而促进企业投融资行为的规范化和理性化。     

Rural development in the digital age: Does information and communication technology adoption contribute to credit access and income growth in rural China?

Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in rural livelihoods and household well-being. Therefore, this study examines the impact of ICT adoption on farmers' decisions to access credit and the joint effects of ICT adoption and access to credit on household income using 2016 China Labour-force Dynamics Survey data. Both recursive bivariate probit model and a selectivity-corrected ordinary least square regression model are employed for the analysis. The results show that ICT adoption increases the probability of access to credit by 12.8% in rural China and empowers rural women and farm households in relatively less-developed regions to access credit. ICT adoption and access to credit affect household income differently. ICT adoption significantly increases household income, while access to credit significantly reduces it, primarily because farmers do not use the acquired credit to invest in income-generating farm and off-farm business activities. ICT adoption has the largest positive impact on household income at the highest 90th quantile. Our findings suggest that improving rural ICT infrastructure to enhance farmers' ICT adoption and developing ICT-based financial products to enable households to access sufficient funds can improve rural household welfare.     

互联网应用与创业绩效:社会资本的中介作用

借助社会资本理论,探究了与企业经营密切相关的互联网应用——信息获取与社交沟通如何通过社会资本积累对创业绩效产生影响。利用来自中国2432家创业企业的调研数据进行实证研究。结果显示:社会资本中的服务者联系对互联网应用的信息获取维度与创业绩效的关系起部分中介作用;社会资本中的参与者联系对互联网应用的社交沟通维度与创业绩效的关系起部分中介作用。     

四川省国有控股上市公司社会责任综合评价

国有控股上市公司作为特殊的公众公司,践行社会责任是其可持续发展的应有之义和必然诉求。本文从国有控股上市公司社会责任评价体系的构建出发,运用灰色关联分析法对2008年四川省国有控股上市公司社会责任履行情况进行了综合评价,旨在促进国有控股上市公司与资本市场的和谐稳定健康发展。     

The impact of ethnic diversity on microenterprise start-ups

Until recently, factors determining the decisions made by microfinance institutions (MFIs) to extend loans to business start-ups had not been explored. Recent evidence shows that MFI performance with regard to funds issued for small business start-ups depends on MFI-level characteristics such as profit orientation. We argue that these decisions do not only depend on MFI-specific practices or characteristics, but also on the role ethnic diversity plays. Using data on microfinance lending activities for business start-ups, we examine the impact of ethnic diversity on microenterprise start-ups. Results show that ethnic diversity negatively affects the provision of financial capital for business start-up. Furthermore, results also suggest a negative association between ethnic diversity and the share of female borrowers recorded by MFIs. We examine social networks and outreach as potential channels through which ethnic diversity affects business start-ups.     

Social Innovation,Gender, and Technology: Bridging the Resource Gap

Some of the most important resources are intangible, such as knowledge and access to networks. In the developing world, technology can facilitate these resources and address basic human needs in a variety of ways: from provision of farmer training and cloud-controlled clean water systems to health information and mobile money services. Some of these services expand access to resources in ways that particularly benefit women. In environments where women are disadvantaged socially and economically, information and communications technologies (ICT) can enable women to access valuable information, consider a broader range of business opportunities, access wider markets, partake in educational programs, and share experiences with and gain mentorship from other women. However, there are large gender gaps in the access to technology, particularly in rural areas. To begin, I briefly discuss the role of technology in development, and consider the extent and significance of technology gender gaps. Next, I review key barriers to reducing these gaps, and discuss the concept of social innovation as it applies to technology interventions. Examples from five social innovations in India — a country with large technology gender gaps — illustrate the range of possibilities for innovative access to and use of ICT for diverse target groups. I conclude with some suggestions for further improvement in this area.     

BARRIERS TO THE DIFFUSION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

This paper provides the first empirical information about barriers related to the diffusion of nanotechnology, a general purpose technology. Our analysis is based on the findings from a state-wide survey of companies in North Carolina, USA. We find that the primary barrier is lack of access to early-stage capital, and the extent of this barrier is greater when the company contributes to the value chain for nanotechnology through R&D as opposed to through products or services. Another barrier is lack of access to university equipment and facilities, a problem greater in companies involved in nanotechnology research. From a policy perspective, our analysis suggests that state governments could act as venture capitalists to overcome market failure in the capital market, and that states could provide incentives to universities through public/private centers of excellence for sharing capital equipment and facilities with nanotechnology companies.     

Computerization in France: An Evaluation Based on Individual Company Data

In this article we evaluate the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICT) to the growth of value added during the past 15 years in France. Following North American studies, we use traditional growth accounting methods to assess the relative size of two types of contribution: on the one hand the effect of the use of information technologies (IT) on growth due to the accumulation of IT capital taking place within all industries; on the other hand the contribution of the production of ICT to growth due to the strong total factor productivity (TFP) gains achieved in the industries producing ICT. We use individual company data aggregated by industry, which provide us with a measure of the firm's computer stock and makes a detailed investigation possible.     

Impact of the adoption of information and communication technologies on firm efficiency in the Tunisian manufacturing sector

This paper aims at measuring the impact of information and communication technology use on the efficiency of the Tunisian manufacturing sector at the firm level within a simple theoretical framework. We are using a firm-level panel data for the manufacturing sector in Tunisia to investigate whether adoption of ICT influences efficiency in factor use. The analysis is conducted through the use of a parametric method to measure technical efficiency. We estimate a stochastic production frontier and the relationship aims to explain technical efficiency differentials in a single stage as suggested by Battese and Coelli [Battesse, G.E, Coelli, T.J. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20, 325–332].The results have confirmed the presence of positive returns to ICT capital. We have found that the impact of ICT on efficiency is strong. Our results also suggest that it is important to carefully control for human capital related characteristics of employment when studying the effect of ICT. The evidence shows that achieving benefits from investment in ICT requires complementary investments and changes in human capital. This means that the combined use of ICT and human capital in a firm would enhance its efficiency beyond the direct effects of these factors taken alone.     

基于中小板上市公司IPO前后业绩变化的实证研究

Jain和Kini在1994年首次提出上市公司IPO后普遍存在着经营业绩下降的现象,引发了学术界对这一问题的广泛关注和研究。这一现象也被称学者们之为“IPO效应”。IPO效应已经被国内外学者证实广泛存在于各国证券市场之中,是当前研究的热点问题。我国的中小企业板作为创业板的过渡,已有了几年的运行经验,研究各种因素对中小板公司绩效的影响对发展完善创业板无疑会有较大的借鉴意义。本文通过对样本公司的详细考察,根据对深圳中小板IPO公司特点的分析,认为有无风险投资背景是影响研究结论的因素。因此,拟对不同类型的上市公司IPO进行分组研究,比较它们在绩效上存在的差异。拟采用统计描述、显著性检验和回归分析的实证研究方法。在进行显著性检验时,本文分别采用了参数T检验来考察上市前后的业绩差异。除了对上市公司IPO前后的差异进行比较之外,本文还设计了横截面回归模型来解释是什么因素影响了上市前后的业绩变化。