Approximation of convex preferences

It is shown geometrically that a monotone concave preference order can be approximated by orders representable by a concave utility function. This is applied to proving that preferences with ‘desirable’ properties (such as inducing smooth excess demand functions, analyticity, strict convexity) are dense.     

An efficiency measure satisfying the Dmitruk–Koshevoy criteria on DEA technologies

The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficiency measurement model by enhancing a CCR (Charnes?CCooper?CRhodes) model and then to prove that the enhanced model satisfies five desirable properties: indication, strict monotonicity, homogeneity, continuity and units unvariance. In order for our model to be empirically tractable, we also provide an algorithm aimed at estimating efficiency scores.     

Preference for equivalent random variables: A price for unbounded utilities

Savage's expected utility theory orders acts by the expectation of the utility function for outcomes over states. Therefore, preference between acts depends only on the utilities for outcomes and the probability distribution of states. When acts have more than finitely many possible outcomes, then utility is bounded in Savage's theory. This paper explores consequences of allowing preferences over acts with unbounded utility. Under certain regularity assumptions about indifference, and in order to respect (uniform) strict dominance between acts, there will be a strict preference between some pairs of acts that have the same distribution of outcomes. Consequently in these cases, preference is not a function of utility and probability alone.     

Critical Discourse Analysis in Organizational Studies: Towards an Integrationist Methodology

We engage with Leitch and Palmer's (2010 ) analysis of Critical Discourse Analytical (CDA) scholarship in organizational and management studies, in order to argue that, whereas they rightly point to the need for further reflexivity in the field, their recommendation for a strict methodological protocol in CDA studies may be reproducing some of the problems they identify in their analysis. We put forward an alternative, relational‐dialectic conception of discourse that defends an integrationist orientation to research methodology, privileging trans‐disciplinarity over rigour.     

Indifference,indecision, and coin-flipping

This article operationalizes a non-empty relation as implied if strict preference and indifference jointly do not completely order the choice set. Specifically, indecision is operationalized as a positive preference for delegating choice to a least predictable device.     

政府采购供应商的信用管理分析

为了加强政府采购供应商的信用管理,政府采购中心除了对供应商进行严格的资格审查外,还要由专管员给各供应商进行信用评分和划分信用等级,并采取一定的措施进行有效的管理。本文对此进行了分析。     

Product liability,quality control and insurance

In order to protect consumers many governments have introduced strict legislation on product liability. Manufacturers can then either establish a strict system of quality control, or try to have their liability covered by insurance. Statistical quality control will give information about the probability that a consumer shall buy a defective product, and be entitled to claim compensation. This probability is relevant to both the manufacturer seeking the optimal control plan and the insurer who will quote a premium for an insurance contract covering the risk. Some simple models are studied, and it is shown that decentralized decision making will not in general lead to a Pareto optimal arrangement.

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Riassunto Le legislazioni che molti governi hanno introdotto a difesa del consumatore, hanno posto i fabbricanti nelle condizioni di scegliere tra la individuazione di un più rigoroso sistema di controllo della qualità dei prodotti e il ricorso a qualche forma di assicurazione di responsabilità civile. Il controllo statistico di qualità è, com’è noto, in grado di fornire informazioni sulla probabilità che il consumatore acquisti un prodotto difettoso ed acquisisca quindi titolo a richiedere qualche forma di risarcimento. La valutazione di tale probabilità interessa tanto il produttore, che è alla ricerca di un piano di controllo statistico efficace, quanto l’assicuratore che deve fissare l’entità dei premi corrispondenti ai contratti di assicurazione che coprono i rischi suddetti. In questo lavoro vengono presi in considerazione alcuni semplici modelli che vengono analizzati nell’ambito della teoria dei giochi.

     

烟草多元化投资管理的思考

文章根据"认真清理、严格管理、健全制度、严肃纪律"的总体要求,通过对烟草行业多元化投资的特点与历史背景进行分析,以有效提高多元化投资项目的资产回报率以及资金的集中度为目的,从产业规划、公司治理结构以及约束激励机制三方面提出了建立烟草多元化产业长效增值机制的建议。     

A note on “Evolution of Preferences”

A surprising result in Dekel et al. (2007) states that strict Nash equilibria might cease to be evolutionary stable when agents are able to observe a signal that fully reveals the opponent’s preferences, even if the frequency of the signal is very low. I show that when the signal a player receives on her opponent’s preferences is almost uninformative, all strict Nash equilibria are evolutionary stable, no matter the frequency of the signal.     

新会计准则体系制定模式导向的透视

新会计准则体系的颁布被认为是我国会计史上的里程碑,如何使广大会计执业者全面理解新准则的内涵以实现对新规范的严格遵循和精准应用是新准则成功实施的必备条件。本文认为,如何理解"国际趋同"和"中国特色"是把握关键新准则精髓的关键,而理解这两者的关键又必须从准则产生的源头--制定会计准则时所采用的目标导向开展理论上的阐述,才能正本清源,因此,本文采用规则导向和原则导向的视角,通过分析对比两种导向模式的优劣,得出了在现阶段,我国必须实施坚持以原则导向为主,辅之于规则导向的会计准则混合制定模式,同时,时刻关注实施新准则约束条件的变化,适时调整两者的结构,并努力改善相关约束条件的制约,新的会计准则体系才能发挥应有的功用和效能的结论。     

浅谈电力电缆施工中的注意事项

电力电缆工程质量是电网安全、平稳、可靠、经济运行的保障。要提高电力电缆工程施工的质量就要在施工时按照设计图纸和施工规范精心组织、严格施工,杜绝质量隐患,以达到提高电力系统供电可靠性和稳定性的目的。     

Measuring Identification Risk in Microdata Release and Its Control by Post‐randomisation

Statistical agencies often release a masked or perturbed version of survey data to protect the confidentiality of respondents' information. Ideally, a perturbation procedure should provide confidentiality protection without much loss of data quality, so that the released data may practically be treated as original data for making inferences. One major objective is to control the risk of correctly identifying any respondent's records in released data, by matching the values of some identifying or key variables. For categorical key variables, we propose a new approach to measuring identification risk and setting strict disclosure control goals. The general idea is to ensure that the probability of correctly identifying any respondent or surveyed unit is at most ξ, which is pre‐specified. Then, we develop an unbiased post‐randomisation procedure that achieves this goal for ξ>1/3. The procedure allows substantial control over possible changes to the original data, and the variance it induces is of a lower order of magnitude than sampling variance. We apply the procedure to a real data set, where it performs consistently with the theoretical results and quite importantly, shows very little data quality loss.     

浅析会计信息系统在治理公司、公司管理中的作用

本文在公司治理与管理整合的框架中,对会计的作用与地位做了全面论述:会计信息系统一条纽带将公司治理与管理系统联系在一起,会计信息系统保证治理与管理系统正常运转的根本;同时,会计信息要想发挥作用,会计系统要想完善,就需要公司治理结构、严密的组织管理及企业内部科学对其的控制与引导。     

Asset price targeting in an open economy with cognitive limitations: The best for macroeconomic and financial stability?

The choices of policy targets and the formation of agent expectations have been critical issues addressed by monetary policy management since the financial crisis of 2008. This paper evaluates macroeconomic stability in a new Keynesian open economy in which agents experience both cognitive limitations and asset market volatility. The (im)perfect credibility of various monetary policies (e.g., a Taylor-type rule with- or without asset price targeting, strict domestic inflation targeting, strict CPI inflation targeting, and exchange rate peg) may lead agents to react according to their expectation rules, and thus create various degrees of booms and busts in output and inflation. Simulations confirm that a Taylor-type CPI inflation targeting including an asset price target is the best choice. In contrast, the business cycles induced by Keynesian “animal spirits” are enhanced by strict inflation targeting. Furthermore, a credible exchange rate pegging system with an international reserve pooling arrangement can improve social welfare and stability in an open economy, even though its absolute value of the loss function is slightly lower than a Taylor-type CPI inflation targeting including an asset price target.     

Multivariate regression models for panel data

The paper examines the relationship between heterogeneity bias and strict exogeneity in a distributed lag regression of y on x. The relationship is very strong when x is continuous, weaker when x is discrete, and non-existent as the order of the distributed lag becomes infinite. The individual specific random variables introduce nonlinearity and heteroskedasticity; so the paper provides an appropriate framework for the estimation of multivariate linear predictors. Restrictions are imposed using a minimum distance estimator. It is generally more efficient than the conventional estimators such as quasi-maximum likelihood. There are computationally simple generalizations of two- and three-stage least squares that achieve this efficiency gain. Some of these ideas are illustrated using the sample of Young Men in the National Longitudinal Survey. The paper reports regressions on the leads and lags of variables measuring union coverage, SMSA, and region. The results indicate that the leads and lags could have been generated just by a random intercept. This gives some support for analysis of covariance type estimates; these estimates indicate a substantial heterogeneity bias in the union, SMSA, and region coefficients.     

浅析高校学生干部积极性缺失与激励机制的运用

据调查,新生在刚入学时,都有过争当学生干部的经历,新生竞聘学生干部的比例大,积极性强,热情高,但是随着时间的推移会出现积极性缺失的现象。这要求高校教育管理者们在选拔和任用学生干部时进行严格把关,还要在更长久的时间里提高他们的服务意识,并建立一种长期有效的、符合自己校园当下环境的激励机制来激发学生干部的积极性。     

对房建工程施工管理中质量控制的几点探索

质量控制是施工项目管理的重要任务。要使施工质量始终处于受控状态,必须在严控投入施工的生产要素前提下,在施工全过程的不同阶段采取事前控制、事中控制、事后控制的方法和手段对施工质量进行控制。质量控制应与工程成本、施工进度有机结合。     

加强法治建设 提高路政执法能力

依法治路是构建和谐交通的重要特征。没有规范化的法治建设就不可能有和谐的交通秩序，要保障良好的高速公路运营环境，促进社会发展和经济发展，就必须加强法制建设，提高路政执法能力，全面提升路政管理水平和服务水平，努力实现“端正执法理念，坚持文明执法，改进执法作风，坚持公正执法，规范执法行为，坚持严格执法”的目标。     

关于北京市人口问题的几点思考

人口问题是北京市需要着力解决的一大难题.未来一个时期,北京市的人口仍将处于一个较大规模增长的态势,在当今中国城市化进程加快的大环境下,严加控制不是解决北京市人口问题的有效办法,应该随经济社会发展用市场经济的手段逐步化解人口难题.     

A Public Choice Analysis of the Evolution of Tort Law

Abstract . In contrast to the article by W. Harris, it is contended that in the area of product liability a rule of strict liability is not necessarily less efficient than a negligence rule and an analogy between product liability cases and lotteries is not appropriate.