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1.
税收竞争的效率与规范 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
政府收入最大化不符合效率的要求。西方经济理论中一个基本的观点是,在市场作为资源基础性配置手段的条件下,政府的职能是弥补市场的失灵和不足,满足社会公共需要,如抑制垄断、解决信息不对称、提供公共产品、消除坏的外部效应等。政府要履行以上职能,必然需要一定的财力支,一定条件下政府的职能一定,那么中央政府聚集的收入也就应该有一个客观的界限,并非是越大越好。中央政府的收入最大化要求,如果与经济发展水平相适应,与增长的公共需求相匹配,也无可厚非。 相似文献
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Trade integration and the increasing mobility of firms have raised the need for international coordination in corporate tax. In this paper, we study the ability of fiscal equalization to avoid the misallocation of capital across asymmetric countries arising from tax competition. Such a reform respects the principle according to which the tax decision is entirely left up to the nation and links nations engaged in strategic tax policy by transfers. We use a model of trade and location where firms produce under imperfect competition. Our analysis suggests that falling trade costs increase the distortion created by tax competition in the international allocation of production. However, we show that fiscal equalization based on differences in tax revenues or tax base can implement a more efficient tax wedge and spatial allocation of the tax base. 相似文献
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分税制下的地方财政收入——以陕西省为例的实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国在20世纪90年代中期进行了分税制改革以及政府间财政转移支付制度改革,建立了较为规范的预算管理体制和政府间财政转移支付体系.分税制改革对地方财政收入产生了深远影响.本文以陕西省为例,对1994-2006年陕西省财政收入数据进行实证分析,并依据分析结论评价分税制对地方财政收入的影响.本文的结论是:分税制改革促进了地方财政收入增长,但财政集中程度不高;地方财政收入和财政集中程度差异明显;财政收入在各级政府间分配不平均,转移支付政策调节作用不显著. 相似文献
4.
K. Conrad 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2000,15(2):159-177
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of anenergy tax on technical improvements and on prices ofconsumer durables induced by strategic competition inenergy efficiency. If the gasoline tax is raised thisdoes in principle not affect the producers of carsbecause the motorist pays for it in terms of a highercost of using the car. This, however, affects the unitsales of car producers because of substitution towardsother modes of transportation. A second element ofreaction to energy price variation is an indirect oneand relates to the effect of energy prices ontechnology. Competition forces car producers todevelop more energy efficient cars in order to reducethe cost of using a car. This indirect effect canpartly offset the direct effect of higher energyprices on demand if it is profitable for theautomobile industry to engineer more energy efficientequipment. We will analyze the impact of an energy taxon energy efficiency and on the price of a durablegood. This will be done within the framework of aduopoly competing in prices and in the energyefficiency of its products. The government chooses awelfare maximizing energy tax as an incentive toinnovate. Then we will analyze a strategic two-stagedecision process in which the duopolists first decideabout energy efficiency and then compete in prices. 相似文献
5.
Shwu‐Huei Huang Ming‐Miin Yu Ming‐Shenq Hwang Yu‐Shan Wei Ming‐Huei Chen 《Pacific Economic Review》2017,22(4):620-648
This study investigated the performance of individual departments and the efficiency of resource utilization in tax offices. The results can be used to improve the performance of tax offices and to increase tax revenues. In this study, the operational flow of local tax offices was divided into two stages: tax collection and tax management. Network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) and a Russell directional distance function were used to evaluate operating efficiency in departments of 20 Taiwanese local tax offices for 2013. The results indicated that, first, efficiency was significantly different for tax collection and tax management. Second, the input inefficiency of tax collection was mainly due to total floor area, which was 15% larger than required, and the input inefficiency of tax management was mainly due to total floor area (23% larger than required), followed by direct labour input (19% larger than required). Finally, on average, the amount of collected property transfer taxes was 23% smaller than required. The model used in the present study included undesirable outputs. The findings indicated that the highest levels of overall inefficiency were due to inability to collect taxes (intermediate outputs) in Hsinchu County (9.27%), Chiayi County (3.25%) and Pingtung County (20.44%), which required reduction in the number of instances of inability to collect property taxes by 5619, 1258 and 12 350 cases, respectively. In total, 19 227 fewer cases of uncollectable property taxes in Taiwan would indicate improved arrears settlement and tax prevention measures. 相似文献
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罗春梅 《广东财经职业学院学报》2007,6(2):5-9
本文以地方政府为研究视角,引入税收竞争能力这一概念,认为我国地方政府在制度框架内税收自主权存在着缺失,而在正式制度框架外税收自由裁量权过大,从而导致竞争的失控。因此规范税权划分,赋予地方政府制度内的筹集收入的自主权,建立长期稳定的对中央政府与地方政府具有双向约束的税收管理体制,才能使纵向税收竞争趋于有序。 相似文献
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9.
Charles A. M. de Bartolome 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》1999,1(3):339-358
Tax distortions are interpreted as fiscal externalities. By purchasing a taxed commodity, the individual generates tax revenue that is a benefit external to the purchaser. Behaving noncooperatively, the individual chooses a quantity that is less than the efficient level. The excess burden is interpreted as the benefit of choosing quantities cooperatively. The analysis clarifies the difference between the marginal cost of funds and the marginal excess burden, and explains the presence of compensated demands in the Harberger Triangle, in the Index of Discouragement, and in the Ramsey Equations. 相似文献
10.
税收竞争、地区博弈及其增长绩效 总被引:60,自引:5,他引:60
中国的财政分权改革激发了地方政府推进本地区经济发展的积极性,但不恰当的分权路径也加剧了地区间的税收竞争。本文运用空间滞后模型,对中国省际间的税收竞争与博弈行为进行检验。研究显示,省际间税收竞争反应函数斜率为负,这说明省际间在税收竞争中采取的是差异化竞争策略;同时也意味着地方政府目前对公共产品的偏好较低。而对省际间税收竞争增长绩效的格兰杰因果检验则显示,公共服务水平对地区经济增长率具有显著的促进作用,并且地方政府的征税努力与其财政充裕状况直接相关。为此,本文提出应加快地区基本公共服务的均等化和转移支付的法制化进程,努力打破数量型增长的政绩观,从制度层面营造地区间协调有序的竞争关系。 相似文献
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近年来,中国地方政府债务持续扩张引起政府、社会和学界的高度关注.通过构建一个包含地区增长目标、分税制和地方政府博弈的动态随机一般均衡模型,从税制视角对地方债扩张这一现象加以解释.研究表明,在地方政府追求经济增长的背景下,当前的税收制度扩大了地方政府发生短视或者经济出现不利冲击时政府债务扩张的程度.渠道分析发现,地方政府发生短视时,顺周期的增值税放松了地方财政约束并降低了地方政府债务扩张程度,转移支付降低了地方借贷成本并提高了债务扩张程度;负向生产率冲击发生时,顺周期的税收收入加剧了财政压力并放大了地方政府债务的扩张.此外,地区竞争放大了税制产生作用的强度.由此,可以通过增加财产税等直接税的比重、规范转移支付的获取和促进地区协作等方式限制地方政府债务扩张. 相似文献
12.
In many countries organized as federations, fiscal equalization schemes have been implemented to mitigate vertical or horizontal imbalances. Such schemes usually imply that the member states of the federation can only partly internalize (marginal) tax revenue before redistribution. Aside from the internalized marginal revenue, referred to as the marginal tax‐back rate, the remainder is redistributed. We investigate the extent to which state‐level authorities in such federation under‐exploit their tax bases. By means of a stylized model, we show that the member states have an incentive to align the effective tax rates on their residents with the level of the marginal tax‐back rate. We empirically test the model using state‐level and micro‐level taxpayer data, OLS regressions and natural experiments. Our empirical findings support the results from our theoretical model. Particularly, we find that states with a higher marginal tax‐back rate exploit the tax base to a higher extent. 相似文献
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使用2001—2011年我国省际面板数据,测算了我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的产能过剩程度,进一步实证检验了地方政府的税收竞争对产能过剩的影响。结果表明:产能过剩主要出现在重工业领域;地方政府的税收竞争加剧了重工业的产能过剩程度,其中增值税竞争的影响大于总税收竞争和企业所得税竞争的影响,地方政府税收竞争的滞后影响大于当期影响;在中、西部地区,地方政府的税收竞争对重工业产能过剩的影响更为显著。指出:减弱地方政府的税收竞争有利于缓解我国产能过剩问题。 相似文献
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多维绩效考核、中国式政府竞争与地方税收征管 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在经济增长和税收收入的双重绩效考核下,晋升激励会使地方政府展开税收征管的"逐底竞争"还是"争优竞赛"?明确这一问题有助于绩效考核改革,提高居民福利。理论结果表明,如果相对于辖区居民对经济增长和税收收入的偏好程度,绩效考核更看重经济增长,则晋升激励的加强会使地方政府放松税收征管,展开税收"逐底竞争",反之则使其展开税收"争优竞赛"。实证以地级市所辖县的个数度量县级官员的竞争程度,利用小河流长度作为其工具变量,探究了晋升激励对税收征管的影响。结果发现,市辖县的个数与税收征管力度为"U型"关系,表明在样本期内经济增长是相对更重要的考核指标。根据上述结论,政府在制定绩效考核制度时需要考虑居民偏好,完善居民的监督和偏好反应机制,加强政府对居民偏好的回应,以提高辖区居民福利。 相似文献
16.
中央政府与地方政府的税收竞争动态博弈分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文建立了中央与地方政府之间的税收竞争动态博弈模型,以分析中央政府在地方政府顺从优先和税收最大化两种目标下的博弈策略和均衡.结果表明:在地区有较强的税收独立意愿时,以地方政府顺从优先和税收最大化为目标的中央政府均会采取增加转移支付的策略;而当地区有过强的税收独立意愿时,中央采取惩罚策略.在此基础上,本文进一步讨论了中央政府对地区居民统一提供公共物品时原来均衡解的改变过程及其影响. 相似文献
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地方税收效率及公平性实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在现行经济及税收制度下,增值税和行为税收入比重提升会提高资本要素的产出效率;营业税和企业所得税比重的增加在提高资本要素产出效率的同时,却会降低劳动要素的产出效率;个人所得税和财产税比重提高有助于提升劳动要素的产出效率,而后者同时会降低资本产出效率;资源税类收入比重提高将会降低资本要素产出效率;流转税、所得税、行为税和财产税占税收收入比重的增加都会引起经济的总体产出的减少;我国地方税收收入具有显著的公平效应,其中所得税和财产税的公平效应相对更强,资源税及增值税也具有明显的公平收入分配的作用。 相似文献
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Kaisa Kotakorpi 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2009,111(1):125-149
When consumers make mistakes, the government may wish to use paternalistic taxation as a corrective measure. We analyse the extent to which tax competition undermines the feasibility of paternalistic taxation. We show that the paternalistic component of a tax on a harmful good is reduced when there is cross-border shopping, but it does not disappear altogether. In a model with tax competition between two countries, only one of which has a paternalistic objective, we show that a minimum tax rate requirement can be Pareto improving despite the divergence in policy objectives. Tax harmonization, however, reduces welfare in the non-paternalistic country. 相似文献
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直接税收入和间接税收入各自与经济增长的关系是税收学研究的一个重要领域,也是目前争论比较大的问题。文章针对以上问题,用Granger因果检验和VAR模型检验来探讨中国发展过程中直接税间接税收入与GDP总量之间的因果关系,定量分析直接税收入和间接税收入对GDP增长的影响是否真有不同、有何不同,从而指导直接税、间接税改革问题。 相似文献