Contesting Local Pay: The Decentralization of Collective Bargaining in the NHS

Local pay determination formed a key plank in the Conservative government's attempt to restructure industrial relations in the NHS, and to 'reassert managerial control' of the paybill at local (trust) level. This paper reports the findings of a national survey of Unison lead negotiators, complemented by case study interviews and documentary research, on the processes and outcomes of local pay determination, and its impact on industrial relations at both national and local levels. The paper strongly refutes recent suggestions that local pay leads to 'improved' industrial relations and greater pay equity. Moreover, and contrary to claims that Staff Side organizations are 'too weak' to challenge 'new managerial strategies', the study's findings show that the search for managerial control remains, as always, a contested terrain.     

Generating Equality? Equal Pay,Decentralization and the Electricity Supply Industry

Despite the existence of effective equal pay legislation in the UK since 1975 aimed at eradicating pay discrimination, women are still in receipt of only 79.5 per cent of the hourly earnings received by men (EOR 1994b). Whitehouse (1992) claims that a centralized collective bargaining model is more likely to lead to equality for women in the labour market than a liberalized individualistic model. The model was tested at an aggregated level for 13 OECD countries. This article provides a case study which charts a trade union claim for equal pay over a period often years (1984–94), which may be seen as an examination of the Whitehouse proposition at a disaggregated level. The paper highlights the barriers to equality bargaining and analyses the case study to identify the criteria necessary for achieving equality.     

规制分权化、组织合谋与制度效率--基于中国电力行业的实证研究

产业组织理论中关于规制合谋的研究分为芝加哥学派和图卢兹学派，研究结果均表明，规制机构与被规制企业之间的合谋行为降低了规制效率．降低了社会福利水平。文章主要研究中国当前规制分权化背景下的地方规制机构与被规制企业之间的合谋问题，并且用计量方法对规制的效果进行了检验．结果表明规制分权化没有显著的正面效应，即规制低效率。因此，规制分权化产生的合谋导致了规制低效率．而解决问题的关键是机制设计。     

浅谈政府会计改革

我国目前政府会计体系仍沿用原来的预算会计管理体系,随着我国市场经济环境的变化和财政管理体制改革的深入发展,原有的预算会计模式越来越不适应现实的需要。本文按照政府会计改革的目标要求,简要分析在现今现行预算会计核算体系存在的问题,提出在现阶段应确立以收付实现制为主体、以权责发生制为适当补充的原则,逐步实现收付实现制向权责发生制的过渡,最终建立一套适应社会主义市场经济体制要求、适合我国国情且与国际接轨的政府会计体系。     

OECD国家促进天然气行业竞争及监管改革的经验

促进竞争已成为包括OECD(经济合作与发展组织)国家在内的世界各国政府对天然气行业改革的一个明确的政策取向。OECD国家采取了供应改革,需求改革,市场结构调整和竞争法规应用四大政策支柱来构建天然气市场,促进天然气行业的竞争。近20年来,OECD国家开始了从政府干预主义向现代监管转变的探索,大部分OECD国家已在企业自我监管,政府部门直接监管和监管机构独立监管这三种不同类型的监管制度中不约而同地选择了独立监管的模式。建立独立监管机构,必须在职能界定和划分,组织结构设计,人员配备,经费获取以及内外工作程序制定等方面精心安排。OECD国家在促进天然气行业竞争及监管改革方面的经验说明：天然气行业的市场化是大势所趋;独立监管是较为成功的监管模式,不存在普遍适用的最佳模式;独立监管机构的建立和独立监管的实施必须以监管的法律体系建设为前提,依法建立监管机构,依法行使监管权力是监管得以顺利实施的重要保证。     

反“三违“工作要注重情感因素

文章从当前国有企业"三违"的现状入手,分析得出反"三违"工作应该注重情感因素,注重安全文化建设,管理者应不断提高自身素质。     

Decentralization in the NHS: Prospects for Workplace Unionism

The substantial changes that are taking place in the organization of the UK public sector are transforming traditional patterns of industrial relations based on centralized and institutionalized collective bargaining. Whether the trade unions can successfully respond to this process will be of prime importance for the future development of industrial relations in the public sector. The paper considers recent evidence of the impact of decentralization on union organization in four hospital units. The research findings suggest that there is a growth in union activity as a result of the process of decentralization, but that the effectiveness of unions is likely to vary considerably between hospitals.     

政府与中央银行之间委托代理关系的实证检验

政府与中央银行之间存在着典型的委托代理关系,政府作为委托人,将专业化的货币操控权委托给中央银行,通过中央银行对这一权力的运用来实现对宏观经济的调控。在我国中央银行的独立性不高,这种委托代理关系显现得更加明显。政府与中央银行之间的利益博弈不清晰,就会导致中央银行对外发送的政策信息缺乏代表性,使微观主体无法辨别声音来源,进而影响中央银行的声誉和货币政策有效性。本文旨在构建委托代理模型来详细分析这种关系,并给出相应政策建议。     

浅议中间扩散型制度改革

中间扩散型制度改革是我国在市场经济发展过程中产生的一种特有的制度改革,其特点是随着政府放权让利战略的实施,各地方政府同时成为追求利益最大化的组织,所以成为地方企业制度创新的推动者以及经济发展的代言人,很大程度的推进了我国社会主义经济的发展。     

新疆与中亚五国地缘经济合作发展问题研究

本文提出新疆与中亚五国地缘经济合作发展问题,指出新疆地缘地位的特殊及不可替代性。从新疆与中亚五国地缘经济合作现状出发,探求其中存在的一些问题。从综合的角度分析其中的原因,找出实现新疆与中亚五国经济"共赢"和"协同"目标的对策。     

中外电力改革理论和实践的比较分析

电力改革需要考虑哪些问题,背景和目的是什么,中国电力改革的条件、基础与外国有什么不同,有什么困难等,都是一些需要认真思索的问题.作者就上述问题展开了分析,通过比较、总结启示,提出政策取向的建议.     

Performance Pay in China: Gender Aspects

We provide an in‐depth analysis of gender differences in performance pay in China based on a unique dataset — the Life Histories and Social Change in Contemporary China — that provides information on the different components of pay including performance pay and base pay as well as a wide array of pay determining characteristic. The share of performance pay is documented and its determinants, including gender, analysed. Particular attention is paid to gender differences in the different dimensions of performance pay: the probability of receiving it; the magnitude conditional upon receiving it; and their product being the overall unconditional magnitude. Gender differences in these dimensions are decomposed into components due to male–female differences in the endowments of characteristics that explain these dimensions of pay, and gender differences that arise even when men and women have the same endowments of such characteristics with the later component, often taken to reflect discrimination.     

Introduction: Deregulation and Reform of Housing and Housing Finance Markets: Recent Lessons from Western and Central Europe

Recent years have seen the emergence of substantial scholarly research devoted to cross-national comparisons of real estate markets and financial institutions. In part, these analyses evaluate real estate market efficiency and the distributional outcomes associated with diverse institutions and economies. Further, these analyses draw from the experience of different markets and institutions in a normative sense, so as to help facilitate the development of appropriate real estate market mechanisms and policy in emerging market economies.     

Ownership and Pay in Britain

Drawing on principal–agent perspectives on corporate governance, the article examines whether employees’ hourly pay is related to ownership dispersion. Using linked employee‐workplace data from the British Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2011, and using a variety of techniques including interval regression and propensity score matching, average hourly pay is found to be higher in dispersed ownership workplaces. The premium is broadly constant across most of the wage distribution, but falls at the 95th percentile to become statistically non‐significant. This contrasts with earlier papers which indicate that higher level employees are the primary beneficiaries of higher pay from dispersed ownership. The dispersed ownership pay premium is not readily explained by efficiency wage perspectives but is consistent with a managerial desire for a ‘quiet life’.     

基于绿色管理的跨国公司与发展中国家讨价还价模型研究

本文用博弈论方法分析在完全信息动态博弈下跨国公司与发展中国家政府之间的讨价还价模型．其基本结论是：跨国公司在与东道国政府的非合作性博弈中，是否实施绿色管理以及实施的程度取决于博弈双方的讨价还价能力，合作式竞争将是有关各方最优的策略选择．而政府政策的特征决定了其对跨国公司行为的诱导作用。     

Antitrust Sanctions and a Firm's Ability to Pay

Review of Industrial Organization - Gallo et al. (1994) analyze the sanctions imposed on firms convicted of criminal price-fixing under the antitrust laws. An element not included explicitly in...