金融发展是否能缩小城乡收入差距：来自广西实证

本文基于广西历年城乡收入差距、金融发展情况,运用VAR模型分析方法对金融发展与城乡收入差距的关系进行实证研究.研究结果表明：一是扩大广西金融发展规模和加大金融支农力度,短期有利于城乡收入差距的缩小,但长期反而会拉大城乡收入差距;二是提高广西金融发展水平有利于缩小城乡收入差距.因此,在加大金融支农力度和推动做大金融规模的同时,要调整金融支农结构,不仅要加大对涉农企业的金融支持力度,而且要加大对家庭农场、专业大户、农民合作社等新型农业经营主体的金融支持力度,使得金融资源惠及更多需要金融服务的农户,真正提升他们的收入水平,缩小城乡收入差距.     

How Important to India's Poor Is the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth?

Using a new series of consistent, consumption-based povertymeasures spanning forty years, we assess how much India's poorshared in the country's economic growth, taking into accountits urban-rural and output composition. Rural consumption growthreduced poverty in both rural and urban areas. Urban growthbrought some benefits to the urban poor, but had no impact onrural poverty. And rural-to-urban population shifts had no significantimpact on poverty. Decomposing growth by output sectors, wefound that output growth in the primary and tertiary sectorsreduced poverty in both urban and rural areas but that secondarysector growth did not reduce poverty in either.     

Externalities of Urban Renewal: A Real Option Perspective

If carefully planned, urban renewal may play an important role in regenerating a decaying neighborhood and mitigating the negative externality generated by dilapidated buildings in densely populated areas. Despite its potential benefits, in urban areas dominated by high-rise developments, urban renewal has an unintended negative impact on nearby properties since it reduces their redevelopment option values. In this study, we develop a number of hypotheses on how an urban renewal project, once made known to the public, affects neighborhood housing prices and test them with data in Hong Kong. Our empirical findings suggest that the degree of positive externalities brought by urban renewal depends on the scale of an urban renewal project, as well as the amount of commercial areas included in the project. Most importantly, through examining changes in the age coefficient, we found that an urban renewal project reduces the value of nearby buildings beyond the boundaries of the project. The negative effect was stronger for older buildings and for those buildings located closer to the project’s boundaries. These unintended consequences of urban renewal have not been analyzed or tested in previous studies.     

河南省城乡居民社会养老保险缴费档次选择研究——以开封市尉氏县为例

城乡居民社会养老保险制度将城镇居民社会养老保险制度与新型农村养老保险制度合二为一,打破了城乡二元分割的格局,有利于全体人民共享改革发展新成果。但是,在参保过程中,参保者多选择最低的缴费档次,参保质量有待提升。文章通过对尉氏县实地调研数据的参数检验,找到了影响城乡居民社会养老保险制度参保者选择低缴费档次的原因,得出了只有完善城乡居民社会养老保险的相关制度,才能更好地引导参保者选择更高的缴费档次的结论,并提出了健全多缴多得激励机制、增强制度公信力、提升基层社保经办人员业务素养、加大政策宣传力度等几点建议。     

中国转型期城乡收入差距的制度成因分析

中国转型期城乡收入差距呈扩大趋势,城乡收入差距偏大;城镇居民收入增长率明显大于农村居民收入增长率.重工业优先发展战略、二元的价格制度是中国转型期城乡收入差距扩大的历史成因;财税体制、金融体制、户籍制度是根本原因;此外,农村土地产权制度、二元的计划生育政策、制度变迁扩大了城乡收入差距.     

以新农村建设为契机完善农村各项社会保障制度

改变农村经济社会发展落后的局面,缩小城乡差距,实现城乡均衡发展,是建设社会主义新农村的重大发展战略。在现今城市居民已建立了相当完备的社会保障制度的情况下,要想实现社会主义新农村的战略目标,还必须考虑农民的社会保障问题,建立和完善农村各项社会保障制度。     

城乡义务教育统筹发展的财政制度安排

城乡义务教育统筹发展是我国构建和谐社会,全面实现小康社会的重要组成部分,是解决三农问题的关键措施之一.但当前我国城乡义务教育之间存在明显的差距,为了有效地解决此问题,我们必须依靠政府行为,通过财政制度的安排,实现城乡义务教育统筹发展.     

“新农保”如何处理与农民工及失地农民养老保险的衔接问题

在社会保障城乡统筹的大背景下,新型农村社会养老保险与农民工及失地农民养老保险的制度衔接问题日益凸显出来。＂新农保＂与农民工养老保险的衔接问题实质上是解决人口在城乡之间、行业之间以及职业之间流动所产生的问题,与失地农民养老保险的衔接问题实质上是新制度如何增强失去传统保障形式的特殊群体的保障问题。     

Youth,adolescence, and maturity of banks: Credit availability to small business in an era of banking consolidation

This paper addresses the relationship between the aging process at new and relatively young banks and the tendency of banks to make loans to small businesses. Defining small business loans as C&I loans that are under $1 million in size, we analyze a sample of banks that had assets of less than $500 million in assets for the years 1993–1996 and that were 25 years of age or younger. We find, as have earlier studies, that banks' proclivities for small business lending are negatively related to their age and to their size. We proceed much farther, however, by introducing a number of additional explanatory variables, including the start-up year of the bank. We find that small business lending is negatively related to its being part of a MBHC. Also, small business lending is positively related to higher concentration rates in urban areas but is negatively related to higher concentration in rural areas. Despite the inclusion of these additional variables and a number of alternative specifications, the negative effects of a bank's age on its small business lending persist.     

基于省域面板数据模型的金融集聚影响因素研究

利用联合面板数据模型,从金融集聚驱动机制角度出发,实证研究表明:信息不对称、规模经济和政府政策对金融集聚都具有显著性影响,其中信息自由流动和规模经济对金融集聚影响效应远高于政府政策效应,从而表明我国金融集聚程度提高转向依靠市场力量来驱动。其中,东部地区对信息不对称的依赖程度较大,中部地区金融集聚程度主要依靠政府政策来驱动,而西部地区由于经济基础落后,受信息不对称影响较大。     

新型城镇化促进经济社会发展的效应分析

新型城镇化是我国现代化的必由之路。通过对新型城镇化有利于扩大内需、转变经济发展方式,有利于调整经济结构、促进产业结构优化升级,有利于破解城乡二元结构、解决“三农”,有利于推动城乡区域协调发展、促进社会公平和共同富裕等方面的分析,研究了新型城镇化促进经济社会发展的效应。     

农村金融机构、居民贷款可得性与城乡收入差距

本文基于银行网点设立和家庭信贷选择的视角,研究了新型农村金融机构和传统农村金融机构对城乡居民贷款可得性和城乡居民收入差距的异质性影响。根据我国2000—2018年县域经济、金融机构网点和CHIP2018家庭调查等数据,研究发现,新型农村金融机构表现出良好的支农支小效果,缓解了农村地区信贷约束,比较而言,传统农村金融机构的表现相对偏弱。具体来看,新型农村金融机构的网点扩张提高了农村居民的贷款可得性,进而有利于缩小城乡收入差距。本文研究为我国农村金融机构改革提供了一定参考。     

Recent changes in disclosure regulation: Description and evidence

Technology has dramatically reduced the cost of disclosing information to investors and created new conduits for securities' sales. The result is stock ownership, both direct and indirect, has never been more widely distributed. Equally important, changes have occurred in the institutional market for new offerings. Bought deals, Internet road shows, the preeminence of mutual funds and pension funds, and foreign investors and issuers have changed the market. In the wake of these changes, the SEC's disclosure policy has evolved. The evidence suggests we have moved from a world where information was released relatively infrequently and with significant lags to a world where information is released relatively rapidly on a continuous basis to as many investors as possible.     

The Urban–Rural Gap of Chinese Household Finance

Using data from a large household survey, we investigate the size of China’s urban–rural gap in ownership of bank deposits, risky financial assets, and credit cards. We further examine the factors underlying the gap using decomposition analysis. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural Chinese are much less likely to own a variety of financial products. Both demand-side barriers and supply-side barriers to financial inclusion exist in China. More, we use instrumental variable analysis to address the endogeneity of the local supply of financial service. Above all, our study indicates that a large financial services vacuum in rural areas needs to be filled.     

新型农村社会养老保险的制度缺陷与对策探讨——以河南省长葛市官亭乡的实地调查为例

新型农村社会养老保险制度是一项旨在促进社会公平、协调发展的战略性政策,对于缩小城乡差距、化解农村社会各种矛盾、实现全面小康和构建和谐社会具有深远的意义。对河南省长葛市官亭乡农村养老保险开展的现状调查显示,这项惠及数亿农村人口的政策,无论是制度设计本身还是制度的运行都存在一些亟待解决的问题,本文认为,推动制度设计本身的完善和建立相关配套措施是解决新农保制度缺陷问题、推广农村养老保险工作的关键所在。     

城乡金融非均衡发展对居民收入差距影响研究——基于中国1991-2015年的数据分析

基于中国1991-2015年数据,利用时间序列分析方法,考量城乡金融非均衡发展对居民收入差距的影响.结果表明:城乡金融规模、金融结构、金融效率差异以及城乡财政支持差异、非农产业结构水平与城乡居民收入差距存在长期稳定关系;城乡金融规模差异是直接引起城乡居民收入水平差异的格兰杰原因;城乡之间在金融规模、金融结构、金融效率方面存在差异,对城乡居民收入差距都有拉大的作用;短期内城乡金融结构差异作用明显,长期内金融效率差异作用较大,而金融规模差异、财政支持差异在长期和短期内都起作用,非农产业结构水平在长期内对城乡居民收入差距有很强的负作用.     

养老社会保障与城镇居民消费：理论分析与实证检验

自20世纪90年代以来,我国城镇居民消费倾向降低和储蓄率不断增加成为不争的事实。我国居民储蓄很大程度上受将来养老金发放以及医疗卫生和教育成本等不确定因素的影响,完善社会保障可以降低这些不确定性,从而促进居民消费。国外学者关于老年消费的研究以及养老社会保障对居民消费和储蓄的影响研究由来已久,并随着消费函数理论和实证研究方法的发展而不断深入。而与其他国家相比,我国养老社会保障现状又具有自身的特殊性,其对消费的影响效应是否与西方学者的研究结果一致？本文采用理论分析和实证研究相结合的方法,在消费函数理论框架内考查我国是否也存在退休消费困境以及养老保障对城镇居民消费的影响。     

US cities in transformation : Urban policy in an advanced economy

This article reports on the main findings of the work of the US National Research Council Committee on National Urban Policy. The committee concluded that the most important single force affecting the future of US cities was the structural transformation of the international and national economies. A new urban system is emerging in the USA, fuelled importantly by the growth of service and knowledge-based industries. Future urban policy in the USA should be incremental in nature-the efficacy of policies and institutional reforms will have to be judged in light of how well they address the impact of economic and market forces on urban areas.     

制度的并轨与定型:养老保险制度中国化进入崭新阶段

国务院常务会议决定建立全国统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度,标志着中国特色新型养老保险制度已由试点转入定型和全面中国化的崭新阶段。城乡居民基本养老保险制度的定型,不仅率先拉开了养老保险制度并轨的大幕,也拉开了养老保险制度革命性变革的大幕。全面建成中国特色新型养老保险制度关键是确立"保基本、全覆盖、有弹性、能转移、可持续"的核心价值观,实行中国化、公平化、市场化、城镇化和可持续化改革,走出一条农村包围城市的改革之路,创建中国特色新型养老保险制度建设理论。同时,提出了"双向推进"、"小并轨"、"大并轨"等改革方案,而实施上述制度创新和改革需要的只是思路和工作的微调,效果则是可以全面建成基础养老金与个人账户相结合的制度模式,彻底放弃社会统筹与个人账户相结合制度模式。     

社会养老保险城乡统筹研究的争议与展望

目前,我国总体已进入“城乡统筹”的发展阶段,如何实现社会养老保险制度的城乡统筹便成为学界研究的焦点议题。从现有文献的分析来看,在城乡社会养老保险统筹发展的概念内涵、社会功能、统筹原则以及可行性等方面的研究已逐渐由异议走向共识,但在统筹的制度模式和实施方案等问题上还存有争议。因此,有必要对争议点进行梳理和辨析,就进一步研究的问题提出看法和展望,以期为社会养老保险城乡统筹的深入研究找准切入点并提供理论依据。