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"国家信誉"应从国有银行淡出 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
银行经营是否良好、运行是否稳健主要取决于公众对银行的信心,即银行的信誉.提高和保持银行信誉的手段包括提高银行的资本充足率,保持银行稳定的收入流,政府对银行的支持和担保程度等.我国国有银行的资本充足率未达到国际标准,信贷资产质量低,盈利逐年减少,国家的信誉担保成了国有银行稳健经营的关键性要素.在加入世贸组织后,金融业的开放将使国家信誉担保的作用不断减弱,国家信誉担保的退出面临着系列的难题. 相似文献
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近年来,我国中小企业取得了长足的发展,也遇到了各种各样的问题,其中以融资难最为突出,已引起了全社会的关注。中小企业融资难就难在"信用"上,构建专门针对中小企业的信用评价指标体系是解决融资难的有效途径之一。笔者在分析我国现行的企业信用评价指标体系不足的基础上,结合中小企业的特点,从财务、非财务两方面构建中小企业信用评价指标体系,帮助银行对中小企业信用情况进行客观公正的评价,以解决中小企业融资难的问题。 相似文献
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中小企业联保贷款的信誉博弈分析 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文在考察中小企业的违约信用成本、群体特点、经营环境的基础上,构建了一个中小企业联保贷款的信誉博弈分析框架,讨论了银行如何通过设置信誉成本将银行与企业之间的贷款—还款博弈转化为联保贷款成员企业之间的信誉博弈来降低信用风险的机制。研究结果表明:有效的信誉成本是开展中小企业联保贷款的制度基础;信誉成本主要体现为企业违约后丧失联保企业集团内部交易资格所引致的机会成本;银行的激励条件内生地决定了联保贷款的市场风险边界;银行在开展多元联保贷款时需要在拓展市场风险阈值和潜在信用风险之间进行权衡,以确定最佳的联保贷款成员规模。 相似文献
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中国中小企业融资新渠道探究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
政府出台的一系列支持、促进中小企业融资的政策和法规,为中小企业融资提供了更好的经济环境和制度保障。中小企业融资应从中小企业板市场、应收账款融资、资产支持商业票据及利用国际金融资源四方面开辟新途径。推进中小企业信用体系建设、信用担保体系建设和成立中小企业政策性银行是政府对中小企业融资有力的政策保障。 相似文献
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本文从引入第三方信用担保的角度,探讨防范中小企业信贷市场逆向选择发生的银行信贷契约设计问题.研究认为,在信息不对称的条件下,考虑到银行内部信贷治理机制因素,银行基层机构将对高风险中小企业实行高担保、高贷给率;对低风险中小企业实行低担保、低贷给率.另外,引入担保企业的前提条件是其能够有效缓解银行与中小企业问的信息不对称问题,在银行与中小企业之间起信息桥梁的作用,防范信贷市场逆向选择的发生. 相似文献
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创新型中小企业融资难由来已久,特别是在以间接融资为主的金融环境下如何明晰银企关系,形成与之匹配的信贷策略,是化解企业融资约束的关键。本文首先建立银企演化博弈的理论框架,对创新型中小企业与商业银行的信贷行为演化过程及演化稳定性标准进行探讨,并从创新风险与监管奖惩两个维度构建银企演化博弈模型,分析两类群体在长期信贷博弈中的演化稳定策略。结果表明,银企双方均对高收益策略有模仿倾向,但创新型中小企业在与银行的长期合作中会对少数企业的违约行为具有抵御性;研发创业期企业所受融资约束最高,当且仅当创新成功率高于最小下限时,商业银行才考虑与企业发生信贷关系;政府、信用担保等外部力量与内生要素的相互制衡对实现银企信贷稳定状态具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Francisco-Javier Canto-Cuevas María-José Palacín-Sánchez Filippo di Pietro 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(13):945-948
This article analyses the determinants of the trade credit in Spanish manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from a new perspective. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between trade credit and other relevance financial resources: bank credit and self-financing. For the first time in the literature, a quantile regression approach is used, which takes into account the heterogeneity of firms in different quantiles of trade credit distribution. Our results show that the relationship between trade credit and other financial sources presents dissimilarities, including differences in sign, on SMEs with different degrees of trade credit. Our findings help to clarify the confusing results achieved in previous research on this topic. 相似文献
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Using survey data from 2009 to 2011, we analyse the effects of the recent euro area economic, financial and private debt crisis on the supply of and demand for bank finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). At the country level, we identify three distinct aspects of the recent crisis in the euro area affecting firm credit through different channels. Controlling for country fixed effects, the impact of a weak real economy on firm credit operates both by reducing firms’ demand for bank financing and by lenders increasing loan rejections and tightening terms and conditions on credit allocated. On the other hand, financial conditions have no significant effect on demand, but they do affect credit supply as we find that financial tensions worsen the chances of obtaining credit and its terms and conditions. We interpret this as evidence of a bank balance sheet channel negatively impacting credit provision. We find that private sector indebtedness has important effects on SMEs’ credit access and its terms and conditions. 相似文献
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《Journal of economic issues》2012,46(4):1152-1169
Abstract:The incentives banks face, such as the Basel Capital Accords, motivate them to favor lending with collateralized assets, rather than lending to Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs), with associated profound economic consequences for society. Since the 1970s there has not been any direct oversight of whether or not credit contributes to GDP. We need a macroeconomic policy tool that can discriminate among different categories of credit extended to curb speculation in existing assets (non-GDP) and promote new business investment (GDP).Government money creation and private credit growth are often presumed the only two ways to enhance nominal demand, yet the Swiss Economic Circle (Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft or WIR) is a Swiss Bank whose creation of purchasing power for SMEs has counter-cyclically stabilized the Swiss economy for over 80 years. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) should create localized credit-creation architectures utilizing a Swiss-WIR type currency to funnel credit that reflects systemic and macroeconomic risks that individually will never be rational for banks left to themselves. 相似文献
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信用风险、公司质量和“成长幻象” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
债权融资能帮助中小企业解决资金问题,促进中小企业成长,但债权融资带来的信用风险也可能影响到企业,这些风险大部分是隐形的,不容易被察觉,因此,过多依赖债权融资的高成长性中小企业,可能会出现“成长幻象”,它们的高成长性只是昙花一现。 相似文献
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国内外学者从信息不对称角度对中小企业信贷融资困境进行了比较深入的研究,也提出了许多有深度的建议与对策。利用行为金融理论来分析中小企业贷款困难的本质原因,通过构建银行经理人效用函数模型,说明银行贷款经理人信贷决策羊群行为是造成中小企业融资困境的内在机理,为中小企业信贷融资困境提供新的理论解释。 相似文献
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人才的引进与成长是我国中小企业信用担保机构形成并保持核心竞争力的重要因素。我国中小企业信用担保有自己的特点,根据人才的素质要求,只有构建良好的管理平台,才能保证引进人才业务水平的进一步提升,进而促进担保行业快速发展。 相似文献
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以北京市中小企业金融服务为例,从中小企业自身存在的问题、中小企业间接融资与直接融资面临的困境、中小企业信用担保服务体系存在的缺陷以及中小企业金融服务现状等方面分析北京中小企业金融服务存在的不足,提出了通过金融机构及金融市场的组织创新、制度创新、产品创新等改革措施,以满足中小企业融资需求,提升中小企业的竞争能力,促进北京地区经济发展。 相似文献
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银行信贷配给与中小企业贷款——一个内生化抵押品和企业规模的理论模型 总被引:80,自引:1,他引:80
本文在吸收其他文献合理成分的基础上 ,通过考虑贷款抵押品的信号甄别机制和银行审查成本对贷款额的影响 ,将借款企业的资产规模、风险类型与抵押品价值相联系 ,构建了内生化抵押品和企业规模的均衡信贷配给模型。根据该模型 ,在信贷配给中被剔除的主要是资产规模小于银行所要求的临界抵押品价值的中小企业和部分高风险企业。本文的理论模型对于更好地理解市场经济及转型经济条件下的中小企业融资难问题提供了启示。 相似文献
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担保模式的选择首先是一个实践问题而不是一个理论问题,因为现有担保模式在结构布局、经营效能、业务范围等方面存在诸多缺陷,中小企业贷款难问题仍在持续。中小企业信用担保要取得跨越性发展,关键在于借鉴其他省市成熟的担保模式,改革单一的专业担保结构,引入并大力推广互助性担保模式,重构中小企业信用担保体系。 相似文献
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The Macroeconomic Implications of Regulatory Capital Adequacy Requirements for Korean Banks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
G. Choi 《Economic Notes》2000,29(1):111-143
The capital adequacy requirement, combined with the flight to quality, contributed to a drastic credit slowdown and a sharp recession in Korea in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Since most banks were placed under the strengthened capital adequacy constraints, they reduced loans to firms with high credit risks. As a result, bank-dependent small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were badly hit, and eventually demand for bank loans fell. The reduction in loans was most visible among banks with poor capital adequacy, yet the overall change in bank portfolios had a disproportionately large negative influence on financial conditions for SMEs. In conclusion, the banks' response to capital adequacy requirements resulted in changes in the loan/bond ratio which, in turn, reduced loans to SMEs and caused a sharp cut in production. The resulting contraction in SME production created a polarized industrial structure and a chronic depression in the traditional sectors of the economy. The introduction of capital adequacy requirements (CARs) in the wake of financial crisis worsened conditions for SMEs and weakened the validity of the CARs that were mainly necessitated by successive failures among larger firms. 相似文献
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卖方垄断市场中不同担保模式对企业融资的影响 --基于信息经济学的模型分析 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
在利率管制下的卖方垄断型信贷市场中,担保额是银行甄别企业风险的有效工具,但这依赖于企业的风险收益特征。第三方担保可以帮助禀赋不足的企业融资。由于不同担保机构对企业信息了解程度不同,文章通过模型证明,在对会内企业担保时,互助担保比政府担保具有优势。互助担保不会引起利益的重新分配。因为存在市场分割,政府担保是不可或缺的。政府担保会引起风险转嫁,导致收益在企业内部、银行与企业之间重新分配。 相似文献