Industrial networks in Japan: technology transfer to SMEs

This paper presents the results of research on the role of interorganizational network relations concerning the transfer of technology and information to small and medium enterprises in Japan. It is die result of empirical research conducted in Japan between April 1988 and April 1989. The electronics industry has hereby served as a case-study.

It will be argued that the quasi-vertically integrated subcontracting system with its hierarchical relationships is expanding into an industrial production system which shows characteristics of more quasi-horizontal integration with loosely-knit relationships. A distinction between these industrial networks is based on the different way they support the technologicaJ development of small and medium sized business.     

Heterogeneous networks and resource acquisition of SMEs in emerging economies

It is acknowledged that social capital plays an important role in the growth of entrepreneurial firms. However, few studies have examined the contribution and function of social capital networks that contain structural holes (heterogeneous networks) in emerging economies. It is not clear how trustworthiness and behavioural commitment impact on effectiveness of these networks in obtaining resources. This study explores how heterogeneous networks characterize successful entrepreneurship of small-medium enterprises in such setting. We find that behavioural commitment moderates the relationship between heterogeneous networks and resource acquisition, while trustworthiness does not significantly moderate this relationship. The impact of the findings on the literature and practice in emerging economies is discussed, as is the need for future research in this domain.     

Drifting technologies and multi-purpose networks: the case of the Swedish cashcard

In this paper, we combine two theories of the dynamics of a large socio-technical system — technology drift and actor-network theory — to address how and why information technologies often need to change, relative to their initial conceptions, during implementation. We analyze the failure of the first introduction of electronic cash in Umeå, Sweden as an example of what happens when drift does not occur: the lack of drift resulted in the socio-technical system's failure to stabilize. Lack of flexibility is identified as an important reason for the card's poor public acceptance. Banks ignored the critical comments of merchants, thus refusing to negotiate about the intended role of the technology. The cards were perceived as serving only the needs of the banks, while ignoring the needs of merchants and card users. Based on the findings in this case study, we argue that in order for a socio-technical system to stabilize it must drift from a single-purpose network, reflecting the interest and agenda of its designers/originators, to a multi-purpose network that reflects the interests of all involved social actors. In addition, we argue that a network-building process can be successful only if the network is flexible enough to serve the multiple purposes of its constituent actors.     

Classification of various attacks and their defence mechanism in online social networks: a survey

Due to the popularity and user friendliness of the Internet, numbers of users of online social networks (OSNs) and social media have grown significantly. However, globally utilised, social networks are the consequence of the lack of understanding of secrecy and protection on OSN and media has increased. Secrecy and surety of OSNs need to be inquired from various positions. According to recent studies, OSN users expose their private information such as email address, phone number etc. In this paper, we have presented a high-level classification of recent OSN attacks for recognising the problem and analysing the blow of such attacks on World Wide Web. We have also discussed OSN attacks on different social networking web applications by citing certain recent reports such as Kaspersky security network and Sophos security threat report. We also offer some simple-to-implement user practice tips to protect the system and user’s information. In addition to this, we have discussed a comprehensive analysis of numerous defensive approaches on OSN security. Lastly, based on the acknowledged strength and faults of these defensive approaches, we have explained open research issues.     

The contours of employee voice in SMEs: the importance of context

This article develops a context‐sensitive approach to analyse how and why voice operates in small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), an area that remains under‐theorised and under‐researched. By building on a priori frameworks with proven ability to unpack complexity and take account of the wider context of SMEs, this article explores how resources (human and social capital) and constraints (product market, labour market and strategic orientation) interact to shape voice practices. The article finds significant differences between ‘reported’ compared with ‘actual’ practices in situ, and identifies different types of firms (‘strategic market regulation’, ‘strategic market‐led’ and ‘non‐strategic market‐led’) along with the factors that influence the form and practice of voice. Overall, the article argues that researchers should further pursue research that appreciates the layered nature of ontology and the role played by firm context to explain complex organisational phenomena, if we are to advance our understanding of voice practices in SMEs and beyond.     

中小企业常用局域网的优化

文章简要介绍了中小企业常用局域网的组成及结构,并对中小企业常用局域网的优化方法进行了探讨,以实例详细阐述了此类局域网的优化方法.     

中小企业常用局域网的优化

文章简要介绍了中小企业常用局域网的组成及结构，并对中小企业常用局域网的优化方法进行了探讨，以实例详细阐述了此类局域网的优化方法。     

中小企业融资困境与对策分析

资金短缺是中小企业在发展中面临的突出问题。在国家实行从紧的货币政策条件下,解决中小企业融资问题必须要有新思路。文章通过对中小企业融资现状及成因的分析,提出了解决中小企业融资难的有效措施。     

中小企业融资困境与对策分析

资金短缺是中小企业在发展中面临的突出问题.在国家实行从紧的货币政策条件下,解决中小企业融资问题必须要有新思路.文章通过对中小企业融资现状及成因的分析,提出了解决中小企业融资难的有效措施.     

中小企业激励性薪酬制度的构建

薪酬制度具有重要的激励功能,对调动员工积极性和提高企业竞争力具有不可替代的作用。本文分析了我国中小企业薪酬管理存在的主要问题,提出了中小企业激励性薪酬制度的设计原则,并对中小企业激励性薪酬计划的构建做一探讨。     

EVA在中小企业的应用问题探讨

EVA(Economic Value Added)是从税后净营业利润中,扣除包括股权和债务的所有资金成本后的经济利润。EVA在中小企业中的应用,有其区别于大型企业的特定意义,主要体现在,可以充分反映企业的经营效率,并可以提高投资政策的正确性和管理授权的效率。     

中小企业技术创新的优势及策略

我国中小企业占企业总数99％以上，是技术创新的主体。文章分析了中小企业技术创新对企业发展的重要影响以及意义，结合中小企业技术创新的优势提出了相应的创新策略。     

中小企业技术创新的优势及策略

我国中小企业占企业总数99%以上,是技术创新的主体.文章分析了中小企业技术创新对企业发展的重要影响以及意义,结合中小企业技术创新的优势提出了相应的创新策略.     

论中小企业技术创新

技术创新是提升企业竞争力的重要途径。本文探讨了影响我国中小企业技术创新的因素,提出了鼓励中小企业技术创新应采取的措施。     

Marketing in SMEs: the role of entrepreneurial sensemaking

Marketing literature has emphasized the factors hampering marketing planning and strategizing in small firms, in particular resource scarcity, lack of specialized structures and competences. Recent streams of literature in entrepreneurial marketing have nonetheless shown that small firms do engage in peculiar marketing strategies and activities that do not necessarily reflect codified processes observed in large organizations. Within this line of research, the article aims at contributing to extant theory in entrepreneurial marketing placing under scrutiny the generative moments of marketing strategies in small firms. Through the integration of literature in entrepreneurial marketing and in entrepreneurship and through the analysis of four case studies, the article proposes a conceptual framework that emphasizes the centrality of entrepreneurial sensemaking in small and medium-sized enterprises?? marketing strategies. We posit that entrepreneurs are engaged in the construction of interpretive frameworks that, when explicated and made accessible to consumers and stakeholders, legitimate novel business ideas and logics. These interpretive frameworks structure the content and processes of marketing activities. Theoretically, the article aims at contributing to the debate on marketing in small businesses shedding light on the processes underlying the formation of marketing strategies. Propositions are offered to guide future empirical research based on the proposed conceptual framework.     

中小企业不可忽视的『薪亮点』

随着知识经济时代的到来和中国加入WTO，全球经济一体化趋势已对中国经济产生了巨大影响。一个区域能否快速发展，不仅要依托该地区优良的投资环境和丰裕的资源优势，优秀的人才也是必不可少的。当今世界，以人为本，市场竞争的核心是人才竞争，企业拥有人才，才可能在竞争中取得成功。企业只有留住了这些优秀的人才，才能使该地区有持续发展的生命力。     

中小企业实施环境管理体系的激励因素和障碍

当今环境问题已日益成为国际社会关注的焦点,企业通过实施环境管理体系将增加企业的市场竞争力。然而,在环境管理中关注更多的是大型企业,对中小企业的研究甚少,本文从中小企业的角度研究他们实施环境管理体系的激励因素和存在的障碍,并对促进我国中小企业采用环境管理体系,提高企业环境绩效提出了相应的对策建议。     

中小企业应用电子商务存在的问题与对策

中小企业开展电子商务势在必行,然而目前我国中小企业电子商务开展存在着各种各样的问题,需要政府和相关部门与中小企业自身共同努力,加强硬软件设施建设,才能将我国中小企业电子商务推向健康发展的轨道。     

The interplay of effectuation and causation in decision making: Russian SMEs under institutional uncertainty

The institutional context of Russia and the recent regime of foreign trade sanctions makes it a natural laboratory to study change in decision making regarding the international activities of SMEs. This research explores how the increased institutional uncertainty is evaluated, enacted and responded to by SMEs that are heavily involved in relations with international suppliers. This longitudinal multiple-case study reveals that although firms simultaneously use both causation and effectuation in their decision making, an increase of institutional uncertainty boosts effectuation. The study shows that the intensity of both types of decision-making logic varies along the studied period in accordance to changing perceptions of institutional uncertainty. Also, the studied firms use effectuation logic differently enabling us to distinguish two types of effectuation with contrasting performance implications: opportunity-driven effectuation and survival effectuation.     

The Neighbourhood in Pieces: The Fragmentation of Local Public Space in a Swedish Housing Area

In this article, we investigate the transformation of local public spaces in the ethnically and socially diverse housing area Norra Fäladen during 1970–2015. After being built, the area soon faced stigmatization and became known as a problem area. This was followed by a series of investments in local public spaces aiming for a stronger appropriation of the neighbourhood by its inhabitants. The production of a ‘neighbourhood spirit’ has, however, slowly deteriorated over the last two decades. Through the introduction of new areas, with large single‐family houses on the one hand, and a densification of the existing housing stock on the other, the inhabitants’ dependence on the existing (but now decreasing) public spaces within the area has been polarized. Local public spaces are also being increasingly relocated from central parts of the neighbourhood to the peripheries or outside the area. In this article, we investigate how this quite slow, yet steady, transformation has affected the local public spaces and the everyday life of the area.