Gender Discrimination in Earnings in Indonesia: A Fuller Picture

This article analyses data from the 2007 Indonesia Family Life Survey in order to decompose the gender gap in earnings into explained and unexplained gaps, not only at the mean but also across the entire distribution. Women earned about 30% less than men, in both paid work and self-employment. The explained gap accounts for only about a quarter of the gap in paid work but for about half of the gap in self-employment. When the decomposition is made across the earnings distribution, the total gap decreases with earnings in both paid work and self-employment, and both conditional and unconditional on characteristics. In both employment sectors, the explained gap remains similar across the distribution, and therefore the unexplained gap drives the decrease in the total gap. The unconditional decomposition across the distribution provides great insight into the dynamics that are obscured in results derived from decomposition at the mean.     

户籍歧视对劳动报酬差异的影响

在我国，户籍歧视是形成劳动力市场分割的重要原因，它不但通过阻碍劳动力流动造成城乡收入差异，也会促成农民工和城镇工人之间劳动报酬的差异。本文利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）多年的数据，对我国户籍歧视影响劳动报酬差异的程度进行计算和分析。结论表明，近几年户籍歧视现象并没有明显改观，政府在制定相应政策时，仍需关注这方面的问题。     

Labor Market Discrimination Against Men with Disabilities in the Year of the ADA

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides civil rights protections to persons with disabilities, but the debate that preceded passage of the Act was not based on empirical estimates that could be used to measure its performance. This article estimates the extent of wage discrimination against men with disabilities in 1990, providing a reference that can be used to evaluate the impact of the ADA. The results show large productivity-standardized wage differentials between disabled and nondisabled men that are weakly correlated with the strength of prejudice against different impairments. Physical limitations explain part, but not all, of the wage differentials. The results also show that low employment rates are a more serious problem than wage discrimination for workers with disabilities.     

Regional Differences in China＇s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Potentials

This paper investigates the maximum energy efficiency level and the energy saving potentials in each region in China that can be practically attained at current economic and technological development levels. Most of the nation's energy efficient provinces are found along the coast of southeast China, while most of its least energy efficient provinces are in the hinterland that is rich in coal resources, and which depends heavily on coal consumption. China's low efficiency in energy resource allocation stems from its secondary industry, which is handicapped by the lowest energy efficiency and the most striking regional differentials. A comparison of the factors affecting the energy efficiency shows that the provinces being compared in this study differ tremendously in energy consumption structure, technological level of the secondary industry, and abundance of energy resources, and that the other factors are only adequate, rather than necessary, conditions. It is imperative to rectify the behaviors of provinces in balancing local energy allocation, to channel energy resources to energy efficient provinces, and to improve the national energy efficiency as a whole. When taking energy‐saving steps, provinces must take into full consideration both the national and local factors that affect energy efficiency. Furthermore, it is unrealistic for China to set a unified energy saving goal for different provinces. (Edited by Xinyu Fan)     

中国进口与经济增长关系的区域差异分析

利用面板数据对中国东、中、西部的进口额和GDP增长关系进行的实证研究。在短期内，GDP增长对进口额影响最小是中部地区，在长期，西部GDP增长对进口额影响最大。中国经济增长对拉动世界经济增长起了十分重要的作用，中国经济增长减速也会影响全球经济。     

Cross-Quarter Differences in Stock Price Responses to Earnings Announcements: Fourth-Quarter and Seasonality Influences*

Abstract. This article examines the impact of one form of sales seasonality on the response of equity returns to earnings announcements in different quarters. We regress unexpected announcement period returns on unexpected earnings and compare the results for seasonal firms—those with sales consistently concentrated in the same quarter each year—to those of other firms. For seasonal firms, we find robust evidence of a greater regression intercept and some evidence of a greater earnings response coefficient in peak sales quarters than in nonpeak quarters. These results are consistent with a greater resolution of the uncertainty about seasonal firms' prospects in their peak sales quarters than in other quarters. Our evidence also shows that fourth-quarter earnings announcements have smaller stock price response coefficients than do interim announcements. Some prior has found smaller fourth-quarter earnings response coefficients for small but not large firms. We find some evidence that fourth-quarter earnings response coefficients are smaller than interim-quarter response coefficients for large firms as well as for small firms. This suggests that explanations for smaller fourth-quarter earnings response coefficients need to be applicable to both large and small firms. Résumé. Les auteurs examinent, pour différents trimestres, l'incidence d'une forme de caractère saisonnier des ventes sur la réaction du rendement des actions aux déclarations de bénéfices. Ils effectuent une analyse de régression des rendements imprévus des trimestres par rapport aux bénéfices imprévus et comparent les résultats obtenus dans le cas des entreprises dont les activités sont saisonnières—c'est-à-dire dont les ventes sont systématiquement concentrées dans le même trimestre chaque année—aux résultats obtenus dans le cas des autres entreprises. Dans le cas des entreprises dont les activités sont saisonnières, les résultats de l'analyse démontrent vigoureusement que l'intersection de la régression est supérieure et confirment avec moins de fermeté que le coefficient de réaction aux bénéfices déclarés est supérieur pour les trimestres où le volume des ventes culmine, par rapport aux autres trimestres. Ces résultats permettent de conclure à une plus grande résorption de l'incertitude relative aux perspectives des entreprises dont les activités ont un caractère saisonnier dans les trimestres où les ventes de ces entreprises culminent que dans les autres trimestres. Les résultats de l'analyse démontrent également que les déclarations de bénéfices au quatrième trimestre donnent lieu à des coefficients plus faibles de réaction du cours des actions que les déclarations des trimestres intermédiaires. Certains travaux antérieurs ont établi que les coefficients de réaction aux déclarations de bénéfices du quatrième trimestre étaient plus faibles pour les petites entreprises que pour les grandes. L'analyse des auteurs tend ici à démontrer que les coefficients de réaction aux déclarations de bénéfices du quatrième trimestre sont plus faibles que les coefficients de réaction des trimestres intermédiaires pour les grandes entreprises aussi bien que pour les petites entreprises. Ces constatations donnent à penser que les facteurs qui expliquent les coefficients de réaction plus faibles aux déclarations de bénéfices du quatrième trimestre devraient pouvoir s'appliquer tant aux grandes qu'aux petites entreprises.     

江苏区域金融发展水平测度及聚类

文章从金融发展规模、金融发展深度与广度等方面,建立了区域金融发展水平的评价体系,并利用因子分析和Q型聚类等方法对江苏13个地区金融发展及其差异情况进行了测度。结果显示：江苏区域金融具备“数量型”发展特征,转变金融增长方式,提高金融效率是江苏区域金融发展的路径选择。     

中国区域金融发展水平差异分析

本文在国内外学者已有的研究基础上,结合金融发展理论,首先对中国区域金融发展水平进行了度量,得出东部地区金融发展水平最高、西部其次、中部第三、东北最低的结论;然后利用泰尔指数及其分解法对中国区域金融发展水平差异进行了度量分析,发现中国区域金融发展水平差异在1992年-2009年间呈“U”字型走向;最后利用定性和定量的方法对中国区域金融发展水平差异的原因进行了分析,证明了中国区域金融发展水平差异是外生因素（政策因素）和内生因素（经济增长速度）共同作用的结果。     

区域性场地地震安评中地震液化判别方法研究

土体的液化现象是地震导致的破坏主要原因之一,对液化进行准确判别成为了研究的重点,因此地震液化判别在区域性场地地震安全性评价中是一项很重要的工作。为确保评价结果的准确性和可靠性,以张家口市阳原经济开发区2号地块区域地震安全性评价项目为研究背景,研究在区域性场地地震安全性评价中进行地震液化评价的方法和过程,通过对地震液化判别方法的研究,以期为地震安全性评价工作提供科学依据,以提高地震安全性评价的准确性和可靠性。研究成果对如何进行区域性场地开展地震液化评价有一定的参考和指导意义。     

江苏省开放型经济发展水平测度与区域差异分析

文章采用多目标线性加权函数分析方法,从开放基础、开放规模与程度、开放效益和开放潜力四个层面构建包含24个指标的市域开放型经济发展水平的综合评价体系,对江苏省13个省辖市的开放型经济发展水平进行测度。研究发现,江苏省市域开放型经济发展水平差异较大,依次呈现由苏南、苏中向苏北梯次递减的区域特征;苏北地区的连云港和宿迁开放潜力较大。     

新疆农民消费支出地区差异的实证分析

为消除新疆农民消费支出的地区差异,实现各地区经济均衡发展。文章利用SPSS16．0对新疆各地区农村居民人均消费支出进行因子和聚类分析,得出各地区间的消费支出差异状况,并提出通过刺激农村居民消费需求,合理调整农村居民消费结构,实现新疆各地区经济均衡发展。     

Productivity Spillovers from FDI in China： Regional Differences and Threshold Effects

Economic theory posits numerous channels through which FDI might create positive spillovers for domestic firms. However, the results of empirical studies that have sought to document these spillovers have been mixed. One explanation for this variation is that the capacity of domestic firms to absorb spillovers might vary. In the present paper, we explore these issues in the case of China. ,4side from being one of the world＇s leading hosts offoreign direct investment, China makes for an interesting case study because its provinces vary greatly with respect to those factors most commonly held to influence absorptive capacity, such as the initial level of technology in domestic firms. This paper begins by empirically establishing that the spillovers from foreign direct investment do indeed vary across provinces. Threshold values for varioas factors that influence absorptive capacity factors are then estimated and it is found that conditions in many provinces presently fall short of these values. This provides an obvious focus of attention for China＇s policy-makers.     

安徽省旅游经济地区差异及其收敛性

旅游经济在经济发展中的重要性持续提升。基于安徽省2012—2021年国内旅游收入数据,采用σ收敛、绝对β收敛、个体固定效应模型对安徽省旅游发展不平衡现象进行研究。结果表明：安徽省旅游收入呈“N”字形变化,总体发展不均衡,存在“皖南-皖中-皖北”的梯度递减趋势;安徽省旅游经济总体呈σ收敛和绝对β收敛态势,城市间差异逐步缩小;星级饭店数量、国内旅游人均花费、移动电话年末用户数量等因素均对安徽省旅游经济具有显著影响。     

绥化市城镇化水平地域差异研究

以绥化市10个市县为研究对象,从人口、经济和社会三个方面出发,运用熵值法和综合评价法测算绥化市各市县的城镇化发展水平,结果表明,绥化市各市、县（区）城镇化发展水平差异显著,城镇化发展水平与当地的经济发展水平关系密切。加快城镇化发展应做好以下几点：加强基础设置建设;重点培育龙头企业;大力发展的第三产业;重点培育中心镇。’     

贸易开放度与中国经济增长关系的地区差异研究

为了探求中国的开放政策是否促进了经济增长，以及开放政策对不同区域的作用是否存在差异，本文在相关文献回顾的基础上，运用中国大陆地区28个省、自治区和直辖市（海南、重庆、西藏除外）1984-2004年的相关数据，采用Panel Data模型对贸易开放度与中国经济增长的关系问题进行了实证研究。研究的结论认为开放的对外经济贸易政策促进了中国的经济增长；井且通过研究发现这一促进作用存在着地区差异，对于中西部地区来说，促进作用更大。     

安徽省区域经济差异与协调发展研究

利用安徽省近年来的统计数据,通过对标准差、变异系数、比率、相对发展速度等参数的计算,分析了安徽省内各地区间的区域经济差异的总体特征和空间特征。进一步从自然地理环境、政策因素以及各地区经济结构的差异三个方面分析了安徽省区域经济差异形成和演化的原因。在此基础上,提出了安徽省区域协调发展的对策与建议。     

中国区域保险差别及其效应分析

差别性是区域保险最典型的特征和最基本的构成要素。中国区域保险发展过程中呈现出的差异小、差距大的区域保险差别特征,表明各区域趋同性的保险实践背离了差别性的客观保险需求,并阻碍了保险业的发展。因此,应从区域差别性的保险需求出发,采取差异化区域保险发展战略,以促进区域保险的健康发展。     

青海省区域旅游发展差异及联动开发研究

青海省地处我国西部,旅游资源丰富,但是区域之间旅游业发展不平衡的现象也较为凸显,本文在用主成分分析法测定青海省内2市6州旅游发展综合实力的基础上,提出了"板块集聚、轴线延伸、梯度推进"的发展战略构想,并根据各区域旅游经济发展的实力及差异,阐述了区域旅游产业合作发展的相应对策。研究认为,青海省各旅游区域应加强合作,建立稳定的区域旅游合作机制,坚持梯度开发,加强中心城市和旅游节点城市建设,塑造旅游品牌,共建和谐旅游生态圈。