山东省低碳战略性新兴产业集群培育构想

低碳经济为战略性新兴产业发展提供了时代契机,战略性新兴产业的蓬勃兴起又为低碳经济发展创造了更多机遇。山东要顺应产业革命趋势,以加速战略性新兴产业发展为重点,积极打造高价值创新型产业链条。文章认为山东目前已初步形成了鲁西北、鲁中、半岛三大战略性新兴产业集群,但仍存在布局分散、产业层次偏低、有效市场不足等问题,应通过引导产业整体协同、构建产业创新体系、营造良好市场环境等措施来培育战略性新兴产业集群。     

湖北县域产业集群发展分析与对策建议

产业集群是现代区域经济发展的必然趋势,也将成为区域经济增长的主要力量。近年来,湖北县域产业集群取得了较大发展。但总体来讲,其发展还相对滞后。因此,研究和分析湖北县域产业集群发展现状、存在的问题,对促进湖北产业集群的培育、发展和升级,提升湖北县域产业集群竞争力,具有重要的现实意义。本文分析了湖北县域产业集群发展过程中存在的问题,有针对性地提出了发展县域产业集群的对策。     

产业集群升级过程中相关组织的角色定位

改革开放以来,我国地方产业集群获得了较快的发展,但大多属于附加值低和增长粗放的低成本型产业集群,亟待向创新型的产业集群升级。文章分析了我国产业集群发展现状及存在的问题,着重研究了产业集群升级过程中政府、行业协会和企业等相关组织的角色定位问题。     

FDI与山东省制造业产业集聚关系的实证分析

外商直接投资促进了山东产业集聚的发展,通过分年度、分行业以及分地域的方式测算了山东外商直接投资的现状和特点,并以区位熵为指标分析了2010年山东制造业行业的产业集聚程度,通过对山东制造业外商直接投资和制造业产业集聚的实证分析得出两者相互促进的关系。最后针对如何合理使用外资和如何发挥产业集聚的带动作用提出:通过产业政策引导外资投向,促进山东产业集群升级,大力发展高技术产业和第三产业,形成以技术、知识密集型为特征的产业集群。     

欠发达地区产业集群创新体系建设研究

产业创新体系建设对促进欠发达地区的产业集群发展具有重要的意义。欠发达地区的产业集群发展中,既面临着由经济社会发展特征决定的产业集群创新体系建设中存在的许多问题,有在实践中取得了许多重要经验。本文通过对欠发达地区经济社会发展特征、产业集群创新体系建设中存在的问题与经验的分析总结,提出了欠发达地区在产业集群创新体系建设中的对策建议。     

河北省中小企业产业集群创新发展研究

近年来,河北省中小企业产业集群有了长足发展,但与先进地区或国家的产业集群比较起来,尚存在一些差距。本文首先对河北省中小企业产业集群的现状进行了分析,指出其当前存在的主要问题,并提出了河北省中小企业产业集群创新发展的对策。     

提升甘肃省产业集群竞争力的对策研究

本文通过阐述甘肃省产业集群发展现状的同时,分析了产业集群发展的优势及存在问题,并提出了提高产业集群竞争力的对策建议。     

如何更好发挥产业集群的增长引擎作用——论深圳地区产业集群存在的问题及发展建议

近几年，我国各地区掀起了一股发展产业集群的热潮，这股热潮的背后也隐藏着诸多的问题。本文以深圳市为例，分析了目前产业集群发展中存在的各产业集群间联系效应不强、地区间集群同构等问题，并针对产业集群的进一步健康、可持续发展提出了发展链条型产业集群、互补型产业集群等相应的粗浅建议。     

中小企业集群发展创新平台构建:鲁省案例

产业集群是我国区域经济和县城中小企业发展的重要载体。对山东TZ市机械制造业生产力促进中心案例的分析表明,中小企业产业集群存在着产业集群快速发展与低水平技术锁定、低端价值并存的事实和趋势,容易陷入企业创新失灵与集群创新市场失灵的内在困境。公平创新服务平台的设立,应明确政府和市场的行为边界,建立和健全公共创新服务平台的管理运行体系与机制。     

产业集群能否提升我国区域创新能力？——来自国家高新区的证据

在产业集群能否促进创新这一问题上,存在理论上的分歧。我国国情特殊,产业集群在形成机制上存在一定缺陷,更增加了这一问题的不确定性。与理论研究相比,国内规范的计量研究十分匮乏。为释疑解惑,利用我国国家级高新区详实的统计数据检验了产业集群发展水平与高新区创新能力之间的关系,发现产业集群显著提升了我国高新区创新能力。这一研究结论为我国区域经济发展中的产业集群政策提供了理论支持。     

Health-Specific Moral Hazard Effects

In this paper I examine the effect of insurance on the demand for health care among consumers of similar health, which I call the health-specific moral hazard effect. Using the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, I analyze the variation in the moral hazard effect across health subpopulations in the demand for inpatient and outpatient services. The endogeneity of insurance, the change of insurance regime, and the discreteness and the nonnegativity of the use of health care motivate the use of an endogenous switching model for count data. The econometric results indicate that the moral hazard effect for physician visits is higher at relatively higher levels of health, whereas the effect for both hospital nights and hospital admissions is lower at relatively higher levels of health. The evidence suggests that both efficient and inefficient moral hazard may exist, and this may depend on the type of health care service used.     

中国-欧亚经济联盟FTA的经贸效应模拟分析——基于GTAP模型及偏效应分解

缔结FTA是丝绸之路经济带与欧亚经济联盟对接建设的预选方案。文章利用GTAP模型模拟分析了中国-欧亚经济联盟缔结自由贸易协定(FTA)对双边产生的经济贸易效应,并进一步运用偏效应分解法分析各类效应的特征及引致原因。研究发现:中国-欧亚经济联盟若缔结FTA,那么非关税壁垒削减比关税减让更能显著提高双方的经济福利和实际收入;不同区域在FTA下的行业产出水平会因为贸易创造效应而出现差异化调整;中国行业产出主要受双边关税壁垒影响,而欧亚经济联盟和中亚三国则视具体产业而呈现差异化特征;中亚三国加入欧亚经济联盟后,中国与欧亚经济联盟会出现"多赢"局面。此外,FTA框架下的中国、欧亚经济联盟及中亚三国之间的经济福利具有较强契合性,且福利提升呈现典型的帕累托改善特征,但中国产能过剩的部门产出将面临负面冲击。     

Agglomeration Effects versus Policy Effects: The Case of the Electronics Industry in Malaysia

The present study analyses investments within the Malaysian electronics industry in 1991 to assess the effectiveness of development policy in light of strong agglomeration effects in the electronics industry. We find that agglomeration and the use of industrial estates as development policy have had positive effects on firms' location choice. However, agglomeration has a much larger effect than industrial estates. In addition, we find that the marginal effect of industrial estates is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration. This suggests that improvement of problems of regional inequality by industry estates would be very difficult in reality.     

Peer Effects among Financial Analysts

We hypothesize that the arrival of star analysts improves the performance of incumbent financial analysts, while the departure of star analysts has the opposite effect. Our results consistent with this hypothesis are concentrated primarily in the tests related to star arrivals. Our findings are robust to an instrumental variable approach and a falsification test. In addition, we hypothesize that the impact of the arrival/departure of star analysts is more pronounced when the star analyst covers the same industry as the incumbents (especially for industries with high uncertainty), when the star analyst is more established, when the incumbent analysts are less experienced, and when the brokerage house has fewer existing star analysts. Overall, our paper offers evidence of peer effects among financial analysts, mainly through the arrival of star analysts.     

Reputation Effects in Bargaining Games

This paper studies reputation effects in a dynamic simultaneous-offer bilateral bargaining game in which one player might have some kind of irrational commitment that compels him to insist on some particular bargaining allocation. It is shown that if this player insists on this allocation, then the bargaining game will end within the first few rounds and he can get an expected payoff close to that allocation. More importantly, the upper bound within which the bargaining game ends does not depend on the relative strength of the two players.     

The Economic Effects of Constitutions

Book reviewed
Torsten Perrson and Guido Tabellini, The Economic Effects of Constitutions. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2003. Pp. 320. ISBN: 0 262 16219 9. Hardback US$35.00. Reviewed by Lewis Evans Victoria University of Wellington     

制度距离与出口学习效应

文章在阐述制度距离影响出口学习效应内在机制的基础上,以2005~2007年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库的合并数据库为研究样本,实证检验制度距离如何影响企业的出口学习效应。研究结果表明,经济制度距离与出口学习效应显著正相关,而法律制度距离和文化制度距离与出口学习效应显著负相关。进一步的研究表明,文化制度距离对一般贸易企业的出口学习效应具有负效应,而制度距离对加工贸易企业没有影响;文化制度距离对非外资企业具有负效应,而对外资企业的出口学习效应没有影响。     

人格特质对虚拟社区知识共享的影响：以内在动机为调节变量

从人格的大五模型出发，基于创新扩散理论和社会价值取向的概念，研究了人格特质对虚拟社区知识共享的影响，以及内在动机的调节作用。采用潜在回归分析和简单斜率分析，对304份维基百科的活跃样本进行了实证检验。结果表明：潮流领导者特质和亲社会价值取向对知识共享有显著的正向影响；意见领袖特质对知识共享有显著的负向影响；内在动机在潮流领导者特质与知识共享之间起正向调节作用，而在亲社会价值取向与知识共享之间起负向调节作用。     

The Wealth Effects of Quantitative Easing

The Federal Reserve employed aggressive measures over the past eight years to stimulate a sluggish economy. These included Operation Twist and quantitative easing rounds one (QEI), two (QEII), and three (QEIII) with an emphasis on the purchase of mortgage-backed securities. Chairman Ben Bernanke made it clear that the Fed’s policies should work not only through low interest rates alone, but also through wealth creation. This paper explores the effectiveness of the Fed’s actions to increase asset prices and thus enable the wealth effect. We find that increases in monetary aggregates, such as the monetary base, excess reserves and M2, increased equity prices. This was particularly evident in Operation Twist and the purchase of mortgage-backed securities. The purchase of mortgage-backed securities was also seen as increasing housing prices.