技术创新、制度创新与产业创新的关系分析

技术创新、制度创新与产业创新均具有经济增长效应,三者具有内在逻辑性与辩证关系。技术创新为经济增长创造新的生产可能性边界,并对制度创新提出需求,为产业创新提供新的基础;制度创新为技术创新、产业创新提供条件,推动生产函数向生产可能性边界靠近;技术创新通过制度创新进行扩散,进而扩展为产业创新;产业创新为制度创新与技术创新提供新的更高的基础条件,从而促进技术创新与制度创新。     

技术创新、制度创新与产业演化关系研究综述

国内外学者基于技术创新、制度创新视角,对产业演化机理进行了深入研究与探讨。由此,从技术创新、制度创新与产业演化三者关系出发,对技术创新与产业演化关系、制度创新与产业演化关系、技术创新与制度创新关系以及三者的协同演化关系四个方面的现状进行了梳理与总结,分析了不同主导模式下技术创新、制度创新与产业协同演化机理,并提出了当前研究存在的问题以及未来发展方向,以期为产业演化相关理论研究以及我国企业创新决策、产业发展政策制定提供有益借鉴。     

论企业制度创新、技术创新与文化创新

通过理论和事实分析．认为搞好我国企业技术创新工作关键在于处理好制度创新、文化创新和技术创新的关系,并就具体处理方法提供了有价值的建议。     

企业技术、制度和管理创新的基础及其关系

企业创新是一个系统工程,其中技术创新、制度创新和管理创新是企业创新体系中的核心内容。企业人是理解企业技术、制度与管理创新之间关系的基础和中介。企业技术、制度和管理创新之间,既有共同性和统一性,又有差异性和矛盾性,只有恰当处理好三者之间的关系,才能有效地推动企业的成长与发展。     

论民营企业的成长、技术创新与制度创新

文章在分析制度创新和技术创新关系的基础上 ,认为民营企业的制度创新制约了技术创新 ,提出民营企业在创业、成长、成熟、停滞各个时期 ,应根据技术创新的特点 ,进行相应的组织制度、产权制度、激励制度等制度创新。     

产业结构升级的创新驱动效应研究——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

基于2008-2017年中国省际面板数据，对产业结构升级的技术创新与制度创新驱动效应进行面板回归分析。实证结果表明，技术创新和制度创新与产业结构合理化均呈负相关关系，即技术创新和制度创新不利于产业结构合理化；而技术创新和制度创新分别与产业结构高级化呈正相关关系，即技术创新和制度创新对产业结构高级化有积极促进作用；同时，技术创新和制度创新的交互项对产业结构高级化的影响显著为负，即技术创新与制度创新匹配程度较低，对产业结构高级化产生了阻碍作用。     

新一代信息技术企业协同创新要素

分析了新一代信息技术企业的现状,运用协同创新理论研究了其内部各创新要素(战略创新、制度创新、创新文化、组织创新、技术创新、市场创新、管理创新)是如何协同的。利用来自企业访谈、问卷调查的一手数据,运用结构方程模型对各创新要素之间的关系进行检验。得出结论:企业创新文化与技术创新、制度创新、市场创新、管理创新和组织创新之间存在正向协同效应,与战略创新之间存在反向协同效应。     

技术创新、企业创新与社会创新

文章通过案例分析发现创新应该包括许多维度,如单纯意义上的技术创新、组织创新、经营方式与理念创新、企业制度创新、商业模式创新、企业关系创新、公共关系及整合能力创新等。而且创新分成多个层次,从技术创新到企业创新,再到整个经济体系的社会创新。     

管理创新:企业创新体系的神经

文章认为在由技术创新、制度创新、文化创新、管理创新构成的体系中 ,管理创新就像神经一样 ,处于指导地位。然后从管理思想的创新、管理组织的创新、管理模式的创新三个主要方面说明了管理创新的内容。最后明确指出创新意识是管理创新的关键 ,并阐明了如何培养创新意识以及创新中应正确处理的几对关系。     

制造创新方法链中市场创新、技术创新与管理创新三维协同研究

市场创新、技术创新、管理创新是创新方法链的重要组成部分,三者之间的协同效应为创新方法链提供源源不断的动力支持。主要从制造创新方法链的协同性、三维创新协同原理、三维创新方法协同效应3个方面入手,探讨了制造创新方法链中市场创新、技术创新与管理创新之间的三维协同问题,揭示了三维协同创新的理论内涵和作用机理,认为三维协同创新在一定程度上代表着企业创新的发展趋势。     

The normal, the natural, and the harmonic

Use is made of rigorous definitions for the terms normal, natural, and harmonic to reveal a number of unfamiliar aspects about them. The Gaussian distribution is not sufficient to determine who is normal, and fluctuations above or below a natural-growth curve may or may not be natural. A recipe for harmonically sustained natural growth requires that the overlap during the substitution process must be limited. As a consequence the overall growth process must experience good as well as bad “seasons”.     

The brain, the mind, and the future

Within psychology, brain research, and the sciences generally there has been a greater emphasis on the investigation of phenomena in terms of present and past than in terms of the future. This restriction in time frame has led not only to a fragmentation of theory and research in all the sciences, but also, in a time of great social, political, and economic change, to a failure by social science to provide the kind of guidance through improved prediction that might help ease our passage through this global turbulence. To remedy this situation much more work is needed in the relevant areas of brain research, in a closely wedded psychology of consciousness and the mind as a whole, and eventually in artificial intelligence and systems analysis as a means of testing and advancing theory. This article examines the basis for such an advance in the work of Luria, Pribram, and others with the frontal brain; Sperry, Bogen, and others with brain hemispheric differences; and von Neumann and others in artificial intelligence and systems analysis. It examines the nature of the prediction task philosophically and psychologically, states a model for brain functioning and forecasting suggested by a synthesis of prior research, and reports the supporting evidence for this model from philosophy, psychology, cybernetics, and recent experimental and field studies. It closes with a consideration of needs for continuing research and the implications of advancement in this area for science and society.     

OPEC, rationality, and the macroeconomy

This paper builds a simple two-nation macro-model which includes a large manufacturing economy, such as the OECD and OPEC. Its distinguishing feature is that OPEC is a revenue-maximizing cartel who exploits the imperfectly elastic oil demand curve emerging from the rest of the world's use of imported oil as an intermediate good. Unlike the case of a small open economy facing OPEC, the large open economy is found to have a vertical aggregate supply curve. Consequently, anticipated macro-policies have no effect on real GNP. Moreover, micro-policies which induce the adoption of oil-saving technologies are also found to be neutral.     

Computers,Input-Output,and the Future

While all regions are exposed to natural hazards, most disasters (such as droughts, earthquakes, extreme temperatures, floods, slides, storms, volcanoes and wildfires) tend to occur in developing regions. Underdeveloped countries and poor people concentrate the un-natural impact of natural hazards, deepening the existent inequalities within and across countries. The paper analyzes the empirical evidence on the incidence of disasters and maps worldwide disaster risks, to then assess the factors as to why disaster risk concentrates on certain people, areas and countries. It uses a conceptual framework on the links among risk, vulnerability, and impacts to understand the multi-dimensionality of disaster effects and the increasing challenges that countries have to overcome in the face of climate change.     

Luddites, the industrial revolution, and the demographic transition

Technological change was unskilled-labor-biased during the early industrial revolution, but is skill-biased today. This implies a rich set of non-monotonic macroeconomic dynamics which are not embedded in extant unified growth models. We present historical evidence and develop a model which can endogenously account for these facts, where factor bias reflects profit-maximizing decisions by innovators. In a setup with directed technological change, and fixed as well as variable costs of education, initial endowments dictate that the early industrial revolution be unskilled-labor-biased. Increasing basic knowledge then causes a growth takeoff, an income-led demand for fewer but more educated children, and a transition to skill-biased technological change in the long run.