福建林业生产结构变动对林业总产值影响实证分析

林业总产值主要来源于林木的培育和种植、林产品和竹木采伐三部分产值,三者的变动都会影响林业总产值的增长。通过相关数据统计,并实证分析林业生产结构与林业经济的相关性,以及林业生产结构的变动对林业经济增长的影响,从而得出几个基本结论。     

林业经济贸易与生态U型关系研究

运用四个方程组成的联立方程组模型研究了我国林业经济增长、林业生态安全与林产品贸易的关系,林业生态指标采用林业生物灾害面积与造林面积等与生命生态直接相关的指标。研究结果认为林业生物灾害与林业产值之间出现正U关系,而造林面积与林业产值之间呈现倒U型关系,林产品贸易延缓了造林面积的降低,在一定程度上有保护生态的作用,而同时林产品贸易也带来了部分林业生物灾害。我国林产品出口是林产品大量进口的原因,林产品进口对林业经济增长的确有促进作用。同时林产品进口和林业产值之间也呈现倒U型关系。     

浅谈我国木材贸易中面对壁垒的策略

随着世界范围内林产品生产与贸易蓬勃的发展,贸易保护、和贸易争端日渐增多,与保护森林有关的国际行动越来越影响到林产品贸易,如非法采伐生产和贸易、森林认证、碳汇贸易、进出口检验检疫等。面对壁垒,我们必须采取相应的策略,保护我国林业产业的可持续发展。     

林业引资与林产品贸易的可持续发展

林业引进外资不仅关系到林业产业的发展前景，也关系到林产品贸易的可持续发展问题。实证研究表明，林业引进外资与林产品贸易呈正相关关系．对林产品的出口有着极大的推动作用。因此，加大林业引资对于今后改善我国林业进出口的不平衡，缓减林产品贸易进口依存度过高的问题都将有深远的影响。     

林产品物流供应链体系建设研究

由于我国林产品物流发展水平低,每年林产品在物流流通环节的损耗大,造成林业产业整体效率低。从系统论的角度,深入分析了我国林产品的物流特征和林产品在物流运作中存在的问题;结合国家林业产业振兴规划,利用供应链资源整合理论,提出加快我国林产品物流供应链体系建设的若干策略;对于我国林业由传统林业向现代林业转变具有一定的指导意义。     

中国木质林产品出口贸易结构与林业经济增长——基于1981～2009年数据的分析

与世界主要木质林产品出口大国(地区)相比,中国劳动密集型木质林产品出口比重过大。基于1981~2009年间数据,运用协整分析和格兰杰因果检验,分析中国劳动密集型、资源密集型、资本技术密集型木质林产品的出口与林业经济增长的关系,认为我国林业总产值与各类木质林产品的出口之间存在长期的均衡关系,资源密集型木质林产品出口与林业产值存在单向Granger因果关系,劳动密集型和资本技术密集型木质林产品的出口与林业产值之间存在双向Granger因果关系。     

浅析分类经营方式下林业投融资体系创建

林业作为国民经济的重要组成部门,一方面为社会生产生活提供木材和林产品,另一方面又维系着社会生态环境的安全。随着对林业认识的深入,各级政府加强对林业的投入,使我国林业产业得到了蓬勃发展。资金是推动林业发展最基本的生产要素。当前,我国以政府投入为主体的林业投融资模式已不能完全满足林业发展的需要。本文基于林业分类经营的角度,对新形势下林业投融资体系的构建进行了分析。     

论我国森林认证的发展现状、问题与对策

森林认证又称FSC认证或木材认证。开展森林认证,有助于推动林产品贸易与国际接轨、扩大林产品对外贸易;有助于建立三位一体的生态文明。目前我国开展森林认证还存在着诸多问题,为推动我国森林认证的健康发展,我们应该从以下几方面做好工作：加强国际交流与合作,尽早建立与FSC互认的认证体系;强化政府监管,规范森林认证市场;深化集体林权制度改革,加快林业信息化建设;政府应对获得森林认证的出口企业提供政策扶持;努力争取FSC认证,避免市场过分集中;充分发挥行业协会的作用。     

中国林业上市公司林产品流通效率比较研究

作为林产品流通重要主体的全国林业上市公司在林业产业发展中地位重要。选择全国20家林业上市公司,运用数据包络分析法(DEA),利用2008—2011年的年报数据,对林产品流通效率进行实证研究。结果表明,林业上市公司的林产品流通效率有高低差距,大部分公司处于DEA弱效或严重无效状态且呈现出降低趋势,仅有少数公司的林产品流通效率处于良好。研究认为,国家要加大对林业上市公司的政策扶持力度,加快林产品流通基础设施建设,推进林业产业结构不断升级,提高林业上市公司的内部管理水平,以大力提升林产品流通效率。     

林业企业实施森林认证的内在动力机制及其模型

实施森林认证行为是林业企业的一种全新的可持续发展模式。分析表明林业企业实施森林认证的动力在于：林业企业经营者实施森林认证的决策偏好、林业企业森林生态经济效益优化目标、森林可持续经营战略与林业企业可持续发展战略的拟合度、社会周围其它林业企业实施森林认证的状况、林业企业的竞争压力、政府及林业行政管理部门对森林认证的支持力度、市场准入制度变化、林产品市场体系规范化制度化状态等要素之间的相互促进关系。社会周围其它林业企业实施森林认证的状况、政府及林业行政管理部门对森林认证的支持力度、市场准入制度变化、林产品市场体系规范化制度化状态对林业企业实施森林认证模式具有间接影响,通过影响其它诸要素改变林业企业实施森林认证的动力。     

基于胡佛地方化系数的中国市场一体化测度及趋势分析

国际经验表明，市场一体化是推动经济发展的重要动力。改革开放以来，中国产品市场一体化程度得到显著提高，但市场分割仍较为严重，成为制约我国经济持续健康发展的重要瓶颈。文章利用胡佛地方化系数测度我国产品市场一体化程度，量化分析其变化趋势。结果基本支持“中国产品市场一体化随改革深入而提高”的判断，但市场一体化推进速度远不及众多研究宣称的那样乐观。究其原因，尽管导致市场分割的技术因素（交通、通讯、信息网络）已大为减弱，但阻碍市场一体化的体制因素仍较为突出。最后，针对以上问题给出加快市场一体化进程的对策建议。     

Corporate governance structure and product market competition

This article assesses the effects of the competitive structure of a product market on a firm’s corporate governance structure. Our model demonstrates that shareholders strategically determine the corporate governance structure, including the manager’s stock ownership and his controlling power over the firm, in order to maximize their utility in the product market competition. We find that the manager’s stock ownership is lower and his controlling power over the firm is higher when the firm’s product is more profitable or when competition within the product market is more severe. The inefficiency of the wealth transfer from shareholders to the manager also affects the corporate governance structure.     

我国水产品出口贸易的CMS分析

采用UNCOMTRADE有关数据,基于＂恒定市场份额模型（CMS模型）＂,从需求、产品结构、出口竞争力三个方面对1993～2006年我国水产品出口增长成因分三阶段进行实证分析。结果显示,我国水产品出口增长主要依赖于世界水产品市场的需求的增长,这是导致我国水产品出口贸易波动的主要因素,而产品的结构和竞争力对出口贸易的贡献相对较小。文章提出应通过调整水产品出口结构、实行水产品多元化的国际市场营销战略、扩大水产品深加工等措施提升国际竞争力,以促进我国水产品出口增长。     

中国劳动市场一体化测度与利益评估

笔者通过比较劳动生产率和劳动边际产出的地区差异与产业差异,对我国劳动市场一体化程度及其变化趋势进行测度。研究发现改革以来,劳动市场地区分割已明显减弱,但产业分割仍然严重;工业部门存在较高技术门槛和体制门槛,传统服务业是农业劳动力转移的主要渠道。政策模拟显示,劳动市场一体化具有巨大的经济社会利益。     

Export Performance of China: A Constant Market Share Analysis

In the light of the fact that there has been substantial growth in China's exports in last three decades, particularly after China joined the WTO in 2001, this article investigates the major sources of China's export performance during 2002-2014 by using the constant market share (CMS) model. In this study, exports are further decomposed in three categories based on their technological intensity using Lail (2000) classification on 3 digit SITC Revision-3 data provided by UN Comtrade via WITS database. The categories are high technology, medium technology and low technology. It is found that growth of China's exports has, moreover, remained above world exports growth in all three categories during the period of study. The analysis reveals that export performance is mainly attributed to 让s competitive strength in the global market, though decreasing trend has been observed in the competitiveness of all three categories. Increasing cost of labor and appreciating RMB could be the causes behind decreasing competitiveness of Chinese exports. Product structure effect, on an average, has turned out to be negative in all the categories which is the most disturbing aspect of China's export performance. On the other hand, geographical structure effect has positive impact on export performance of high-technology based exports whereas it has negative impact on export performance of low-technology and medium-technology based exports. China being the world's largest exporter, decreasing competitiveness and wrong product structure effect could adversely influence its export performance in particular and its growth in general.     

The Role of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation for New Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Firms

The overall purpose of this article is to examine the relationships between two strategic orientations and performance in new product development. The first orientation considered is market orientation; the second one considered is entrepreneurial orientation, which reflects a firm’s propensity to innovate, to be proactive, as well as its willingness to take risks. Drawing upon a sample of 224 mid-sized manufacturing firms, multiple regressions with and without interaction terms were used for testing seven hypotheses. The results show that a market orientation and innovativeness were positively related to performance in new product development, while proactiveness and risk taking show no such relationship. The results also show that neither product characteristics nor environmental characteristics moderate these relationships. In terms of implications, our results suggest that contradictory and to some extent paradoxical capabilities are needed to increase performance in new product development, and that the different components of an entrepreneurial orientation do not impact new product development performance equally.     

The impact of product market competition on GDP per capita growth in the EU countries: does the model of capitalism matter?

This article assesses whether the intensity of product market competition is a factor affecting economic growth (measured by the growth rate of real GDP per capita) and whether this impact depends on the model of capitalism. The study covers the 1997–2015 period and all EU28 countries. Product market competition is measured by two types of variables: product market regulation indicators and the number of enterprises. New elements in the analysis include, among others, nonlinear impact and overlapping observations. The regression equations are estimated on the basis of Blundell and Bond’s GMM system estimator. The results generally indicate that stronger product market regulations (and theoretically lower product market competition) are linked with faster growth of output. However, the impact of product market competition on economic growth depends on the type of capitalism. For post-socialist countries, unlike the Western European model of capitalism, more regulation tends to reduce the rate of economic growth.     

Industry shakeouts and product strategies: lessons from the US laser printer industry

Many industries experience a shakeout, which occurs when, after an initial increase, the number of firms drops significantly in a short period of time. A shakeout drives changes in the market structure and, thus, accompanying changes in firms’ strategies. In this paper, we explore differences in firms’ product strategies (i.e. product quality improvement, product line management, and product market strategy) before and after the initiation of an industry shakeout, focusing on the role of product exit. In analyzing a sample of US laser printer manufacturers and their products for the period between 1983 and 2002, we find clear differences in firms’ product exit decisions before and after the initiation of a shakeout. With these findings, our study contributes to the understanding of the link between industry shakeouts and firms’ product strategies.     

债务期限结构与产品市场竞争互动关系研究——基于国有和非国有控股上市公司的比较

本文以我国上市公司为研究对象,对债务期限结构与产品市场竞争的双向互动关系进行了实证检验。检验结果表明:无论是短期债务还是长期债务,均对企业的产品市场竞争强度有负面影响,且短期债务对产品市场竞争强度的负面影响程度大于长期债务;国有控股上市公司的债务对其产品市场竞争强度的负面影响程度小于非国有控股上市公司;另外,产品市场竞争强度在一定程度上也影响债务期限结构的选择。     

融资融券与企业产品市场竞争

本文探究融资融券对上市公司产品市场竞争行为的影响。通过理论分析与实证检验,本文发现融资融券政策的实施促进了标的企业产品市场竞争行为,但是由此带来的潜在的过度竞争问题可能导致企业整体绩效有所下降。本文还发现融资融券的政策效果主要集中于融资交易强度较高、或股价信息敏感度较低的公司。本文的研究结果表明,我国融资和融券交易发展的不对称性放大了资本市场对公司正面信息的奖励效应,可能促使公司在产品市场过度竞争,降低了整体绩效,而个股股价信息敏感度的提高有助于缓解上述问题。