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1.
We examine the impact of natural disasters on GDP per capita by applying the synthetic control approach and using a within-country perspective. Our analysis encompasses two large-scale earthquakes that occurred in two different Italian regions in 1976 and 1980. We show that the short-term effects are negligible in both regions, though they become negative if we simulate the GDP that would have been observed in absence of financial aid. In the long-term, our findings indicate a positive effect in one case and a negative effect in the other, largely reflecting divergent patterns of the TFP. Consistent with these findings, we offer further evidence suggesting that a quake and related financial aid might either increase technical efficiency via a disruptive creation mechanism or reduce it by stimulating corruption, distorting the markets and deteriorating social capital. Finally, we show that the bad outcome is more likely to occur in regions with lower pre-quake institutional quality. As a result, our evidence suggests that unanticipated local shocks are likely to change long run growth rates, exacerbating territorial disparities. 相似文献
2.
《Economic Systems》2023,47(1):101050
The relationship between natural disasters and NPLs is of significant importance in the natural disaster economics field. Thus, this research investigates the effects of natural disasters on non-performing loans (NPLs) using panel data covering 101 countries from 1996 to 2017. We introduce interaction terms between natural disasters and different financial risks to represent the moderating effects of natural disasters through such risks. Several conclusions arise from the empirical results. (1) Natural disasters produce significant effects on NPLs both in current year and five-period lag terms. (2) Natural disasters increase NPLs through five kinds of financial risks, and the moderating effects are statistically significant. (3) The effects of natural disasters on NPLs present significant heterogeneity between OECD and non-OECD countries. From these results, we put forward several policy implications. 相似文献
3.
《Spatial Economic Analysis》2013,8(2):213-239
Abstract This paper summarizes a study on the economic impacts of a radiological bomb attack on a major office building in downtown Los Angeles financial district. A radiological bomb will generate effects within an extensive radiation plume that is divided into two zones with varying evacuation times: an Inner Zone with a 1-year evacuation and an Outer Zone with only a 1-month evacuation time. An up-to-date version of a Garin–Lowry-style regional input–output model called SCPM 2005 is employed to simulate household and firm relocation in three scenarios. The impact analysis focuses on business interruption effects only. Impact économique d'une attaque terroriste sur le quartier financier du centre de Los Angeles Résumé Cet article concerne une étude sur l'impact économique d'une attaque par bombe radiologique sur un immeuble de bureaux dans le quartier financier du centre de Los Angeles. Une bombe radiologique engendre des effets au cæur d'un vaste panache radioactif, qui est divisé en deux zones possédant des durées d’évacuation différentes. La durée d’évacuation est d'un an dans la zone interne, et d'un mois seulement dans la zone externe. Trois scénarios de délocalisation de ménages et d'entreprises sont simulés grâce à l'utilisation d'une version actuelle d'un modèle régional intrants-extrants de type Garin–Lowry, appelé SCPM 2005. L'analyse de l'impact se concentre uniquement sur les effets de l'interruption du commerce. El impacto económico de un ataque terrorista en el distrito financiero del centro de Los Ángeles Résumén?Este trabajo resume un estudio sobre el impacto económico de un ataque de bomba radiológico en un importante edificio de oficinas en el distrito financiero del centro de Los Ángeles. Una bomba radiológica generará efectos dentro de una pluma radioactiva extensiva, dividida en dos zonas con diferentes tiempos de evacuación: una zona interna con un período de evacuación de un año y una zona externa con un período de evacuación de sólo un mes. Se emplea una versión actualizada de un modelo estilo Garin–Lowry, de entrada-salida regional llamado SCPM 2005, para simular la relocalización de viviendas y firmas en tres escenarios. El análisis del impacto sólo se enfoca en los efectos de la interrupción del 相似文献
4.
Recent empirical literature has found a negative relationship between income per capita and measures of risk from natural disaster, supportive of logic that higher incomes allow countries to mitigate disaster risk. We argue that behavioral changes at the micro level in response to increasing income (such as location choice and extent of costly abatement activity) may lead to a non-linear relationship between aggregate incomes and disaster damages, where the risks increase with income before they decrease. In a country-year panel data set, we show that disaster risk associated with flooding, landslides and windstorms increases with income up to GDP per capita levels of $5044, $3360, and $4688 per year respectively and decrease thereafter. Such non-linear impacts are absent for other disaster types such as extreme temperature events and earthquakes where the links between human behavioral choices and exposure to risk are not as strong. From a policy perspective, this suggests that for the least developed countries, the dual goals of disaster risk prevention and economic development cannot be assumed to be complementary for all forms of natural disaster. In addition to allocating resources to manage disaster risk, the poorest nations may have to be more proactive in enacting policies that alter the behavioral choices of citizens that impact a country's exposure to natural disaster risk. 相似文献
5.
《Socio》2020
Among all natural disasters, flood stands as a recurrently happening disaster. It holds the aptitude to disrupt the organizations and to cause absenteeism of the workforce in industries. As the workforce is directly involve in the functioning of industries, work force absenteeism can cause reduced production and inoperability which outcomes in financial losses of industrial sectors. This research objects to estimate inoperability of industries due to distraction of workers by incorporating Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model (DIIM). Economic losses are determined from inoperability. Industrial area which is selected for the research includes local industries in Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Various industries are chosen and are ordered according to inoperability and economic losses. Industries having highest financial damages are: (i) Agriculture; (ii) Sugar mills; and (iii) Marble industry. These three industries hold liable for 40.6% of the overall financial losses of fifteen industries. Industries suffering from highest inoperability include (i) Sugar mills; (ii) Agriculture and (iii) Marble industry. A risk analysis frame work has also been developed to help industrial sectors to recover after a disaster. Besides, data of three different floods has also been taken for the above mentioned critical sectors to plot probability distributions for predicting economic losses of most frequent floods. Furthermore, this research methodology has been applied to flooding but it can be applied to any other disaster, everywhere. 相似文献
6.
《Socio》2023
Food banks are non-profit, charitable organizations that distribute food and products to people in need. Food bank facilities become disaster relief centers after natural disasters. The uncertainty associated with the arrival of donations and demand make the planning and operations of food banks challenging during the disaster relief period. The goal of this research is to analyse and forecast the amount of donations received by food bank facilities in the U.S. when operating as disaster relief centers. This paper analyses the donations received by two food bank facilities affected by Hurricane Harvey in 2017. An extensive numerical study is performed that compares the donation behavior at each facility before and after the hurricane event. Multiple forecasting models are evaluated to determine their accuracy in predicting the observed behavior. The results show that under disaster operations, the best performing techniques for both food banks were smoothing techniques (i.e., CMA and Holt) and econometric models. 相似文献
7.
This paper provides an input–output method to estimate worldwide economic impacts generated by supply chain disruptions. The method is used to analyse global economic effects due to the disruptions in the automotive industry that followed the Japanese earthquake and the consequent tsunami and nuclear crisis of March 2011. By combining a mixed multi-regional input–output model, the World Input–Output Database and data at the factory level, the study quantifies the economic impacts of the disruptions broken down by country and industry. The results show that the global economic effect (in terms of value added) of this disruption amounted to US$139 billion. The most affected (groups of) countries were Japan (39%), the USA (25%), China (8%) and the European Union (7%). The most strongly affected industries were transport equipment (37%), other business activities (10%), basic and fabricated metals (8%), wholesale trade (7%) and financial intermediation (4%). 相似文献
8.
Art Carden 《Economic Affairs》2010,30(2):81-84
This article surveys and synthesises some of the research on the political economy of natural disasters. While people tend to support government intervention to reduce prices or otherwise aid disaster recovery, research shows that government organisations are often corrupt and ineffective. Further, since people tend to mis‐identify the causes of (for example) gasoline price increases after natural disasters, government intervention after a disaster is likely to do more harm than good. 相似文献
9.
成渝地区双城经济圈技术创新网络总体经历了由\"单中心、低层次\"向\"多中心、多层次\"演化历程,城市间技术创新连通性不断提升,网络密度不断增强,技术创新网络的凝聚力和空间集聚效应显著提高。理论分析与实证研究发现,知识创新的\"累积——选择\"循环机制、城市关联的\"竞争——合作\"分工机制和资源配置的\"政府——市场\"协同机制是推动经济圈创新网络演化的更深层次动因。因此,在推动经济圈技术创新网络建设过程中,应加快构建城市内部和跨城市的统一创新要素市场,政府通过制度供给以引导创新要素的市场流通;加强成渝地区双城经济圈城市创新的统筹协调,通过构建经济圈内合理的创新分工体系实现创新收益最大化;建立更加开放的创新关联网络,鼓励各城市积极开展对外技术合作,以提高经济圈创新网络整体开放水平。 相似文献
10.
《Socio》2021
The paper provides a conceptual framework for a multi-dimensional assessment of risk associated to natural disasters. The different components of risk (hazard, exposure, vulnerability and resilience) are seen in a combined natural and socio-economic perspective and are integrated into a Disaster Risk Assessment Tool (DRAT). The tool can be used to support disaster management strategies, as well as risk mitigation and adaptation strategies at very disaggregated geographical or administrative scales. In this paper, we illustrate the features of the DRAT and we apply the tool to 7556 Italian municipalities to map their multidimensional risk. DRAT can be particularly useful to identify hotspots that are characterized by high hazard, exposure and vulnerability and by low resilience. In order to identify hotspots, we perform a cluster analysis of the Italian municipalities in terms of their risk ranking based on DRAT. We also suggest how the tool may be exploited within the processes of disaster risk policy. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents an agent based model which underlines the importance of credit network and leverage dynamics in determining the resilience of the system, defining an early warning indicator for crises. The model reproduces macroeconomic dynamics emerging from the interactions of heterogeneous banks and firms in an endogenous credit network. Banks and firms are linked through multiple credit relations, which derive from individual target leverage choices: agents choose the more convenient leverage level, according to a basic reinforcement learning algorithm. Simulations are calibrated on balance sheet data of banks and firms quoted in the Japanese stock-exchange markets from 1980 to 2012. 相似文献
12.
改革开放以来,经过30多年的发展,中国已重新成为全球经济大国之一。本文利用C-D生产函数和索洛增长模型对中国中长期经济发展进行预测,在国内外研究成果的基础上对美国中长期经济发展进行预测,探讨了在不同情况下中美两国经济的对比分析和追及问题。本文预测结果表明,中国经济只要保持平稳增长,将在2030年前实现多个目标:一是GDP总量超过美国;二是人均GDP超过1.7万美元;三是人均国民总收入接近高收入国家行列;四是商品零售额、商品进口额等宏观指标赶上美国。 相似文献
13.
Abstract. This paper surveys recent evidence suggesting that market‐oriented institutions and policies are strongly related to economic growth, focusing on studies using the economic freedom (EF) indicator of the Fraser Institute. This index is critically discussed. Also various serious shortcomings of empirical studies using this index are identified. Nevertheless, there are strong indications that liberalization, i.e. an increase in the EF index, stimulates economic growth. This paper also reviews studies on the determinants of EF. Political liberalization is often found to enhance economic liberalization, whereas there is less evidence for causality running in the other direction. 相似文献
14.
淮海经济区的城市经济联系格局分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
运用重力模型和综合客运模型,对淮海经济区城市间的经济联系势能及经济联系流强度进行测度,据此分析该区的城市经济辐射与经济隶属情况.结果表明,淮海经济区城市间的经济联系势能结构表现为以徐州、商丘、临沂、淮安为重要节点呈放射状分布.经济联系流强度的空间分异格局以徐州为中枢,形成徐州、济宁、临沂、阜阳、蚌埠五大网络结点,构成\"开\"字型架构.经济联系势能和经济联系流强度在徐州与周边城市的联系上表现出明显的一致性.最终将淮海经济区划分为核心、汴商、莱泰、临照、盐淮5个城市经济区. 相似文献
15.
随着中国经济的不断发展,区域经济一体化发展的趋势开始显现,城市间经济联系不断增强,中心城市开始逐渐发挥其对区域经济发展的带动作用。而这种带动作用则源于中心城市的经济辐射力。为进一步促进城市经济和区域经济的发展,全国城镇体系规划中明确提出鼓励有条件的城市发展成为区域性中心城市。国家中心城市是区域经济的中心,是建立国际经济联系的纽带,也代表着城市的国际竞争力,因此,对中国国家中心城市经济辐射力展开研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
经济制度和我国经济增长效率的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文根据经济制度和经济增长作用模型,利用一国经济制度和经济增长指标的面板数据(Panel Data),对经济制度和我国经济增长的作用机制进行实证研究.结果表明,近年来我国经济制度对经济增长不仅是重要而且是有效率的,并且政府对当前的经济增长起着决定性的作用.同时,我国宏观经济治理结构模型表明,我国经济增长存在最佳的经济制度安排,以经济增长为目标的政府治理能够实现我国最优的经济增长. 相似文献
17.
广东经济转型势在必行,发展物流业是促进产业升级和推动经济发展的重要措施。本文利用广东省2002、2007年投入产出表,从关联效应、波及效应和结构效益三个方面分析了广东物流业的经济影响,提出要重视物流业的基础地位、扩大社会物流需求、优先发展国际物流、促进物流业与第二产业及整体经济的协调发展的政策建议。 相似文献
18.
伴随着我国经济的快速发展以及地质灾害频发的状况作用下,更多先进的测量新技术被应用到地质灾害检测当中。本文阐释了地质灾害的概况,并且论述了应用于地质灾害监测的传统的测量技术和新的测量技术——3S技术。 相似文献
19.
中国经济2010年在全球经济缓慢复苏中保持了稳定增长的态势,增速相对较快.2010年面对的主要不利国际环境是世界经济复苏乏力,发达国家经济增长缓慢,贸易保护主义盛行,对我国经济造成了一定的外部冲击.国内主要问题是通货膨胀压力的持续上升,房地产市场泡沫的积极调控以及结构调整的不断深化.2011年是中国经济"十二五"计划的开局之年,面对许多复杂的国内外形势,中国经济总体运行仍存在许多挑战.然而,我国宏观经济政策已经针对2011年经济运行中主要面对的问题作出了积极的部署,预计2011年中国经济总体运行仍较稳定,结构调整稳步推进. 相似文献