The "New Economies" of the People's Republic of China

A bstract . On September 26, 1985, the Communist Party of China Central Committee on the Seventh Five-Year Plan adopted the outlines of the guiding principles for China's economic and social development for the period 1986–1990. Recently, these principles were reaffirmed with the election of a new Politburo composed of relatively (by Chinese standards) young men who are almost uniformly supportive of the economic reforms that began in China several years ago. These reforms have already considerably altered China economically and otherwise. A country that was once one of the more centralized socialist States in the world has embarked on an ambitious program to create a more efficient economy, one where market forces dire playing an increasingly important role and one where the individual consumer's wants and preferences are receiving substantially more attention. China's major issues resolve around reforming its management system.     

Bourgeoisie Out, Expertoisie In: The New Political Economies at Loggerheads

Part I of our paper pinpoints the “political” in the new political economies: first, the distinction between political, public, and civic economies that are almost invariably confused; second, the role of power politics, force, and fraud in determining income differentials in the name of market forces. Part II pinpoints the “new” in twentieth‐century political economies: first, the emergence of a fourth factor of production in addition to labor, capital, and land, whether identified with organization, knowledge, headwork, education, brainpower, management, or information; second, the subordination of capital to this new factor; third, the formation of a new social class based on its ownership; fourth, the struggle between the owners of capital and the new class for control over decision making and for the lion's share in distribution; fifth, the reliance on government to protect and advance the interests of the new class of professionals; and sixth, the eclipse of the old class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletarians by a new class struggle between managers and managed, executives and executants, “knows” and “know‐nots.” Part III pinpoints the “loggerheads” or sources of dissension between the “human capital” and post‐capitalist variants of the new political economies: first, over whether the expertoisie constitute a new social class or a fraction of the bourgeoisie; second, over whether the new economic order constitutes an advanced stage of capitalism or the advent of a post‐capitalist society; and third, whether the “knows” exploit the “know‐nots” through their monopoly of economic and political power. Why “political,” why “new,” and why “at loggerheads”? Our essay divides into three parts our tentative answers to these questions.     

The New View on Editing

Numerous evaluation and other studies show that the heavy cost of editing cannot be justified by quality improvement. It is necessary to replace the old paradigm-the more and tighter the checks and recontacts, the better the quality-by a new-focus the editing on identifying and collecting data on errors, problem areas, and error causes to provide a basis for a continuous improvement of the whole survey vehicle.
The corner stone of the new view on editing is that the entire set of the query edits should be designed meticulously, be focused on errors influencing the estimates, and be targeted on existing error types which can be identified by edits, and finally that the effects of the edits should be continuously evaluated by analysis of performance measures and other diagnostics, which the process should be designed to produce.
The paper is a short introduction to modern editing under the new view. It presents, also, some facts to the low efficiency of traditional editing, and explains it by giving a historical review of editing.     

"反猎头":一个企业高级人才管理的新视野

有的公司高层可能有过如此的经历:从未仔细审视过组织的"头"之所在,直到有一天,人才大战硝烟弥漫,自己正在重用的人才在眼皮子底下被猎头或竞争对手"挖"走,且身价几倍几十倍的上涨.与此同时,自己公司的客户资源和订单流失殆尽,更为悲惨的是:人才官司负重缠身,而当年的"手下败将"--自己的竞争对手却如虎添翼、飞速发展!你才回过神来:不好,遭遇"猎头"了.     

《侵权责任法》视角下的医疗损害责任鉴定与医疗事故技术鉴定

本文通过对医疗损害和医疗事故、医疗损害司法鉴定和医疗事故技术鉴定的分析比较,提出构建统一的医疗损害责任鉴定制度,为解决现实中二元化鉴定格局所产生的矛盾和问题提供借鉴和参考。     

会计理论的新视角——基于新制度经济学的分析框架

本文利用新制度经济学中的科斯定理、代理理论和制度变迁理论对会计学中的会计信息披露、激励制度 设计和会计准则发展三个方面的问题进行了剖析,试图运用新制度经济学的理论框架对会计理论给予全新的阐释。     

Bank ownership and cost efficiency: New empirical evidence from Russia

This paper investigates the cost efficiency of Russian banks with regard to their heterogeneity in terms of ownership form, capitalization and asset structure. Using bank-level quarterly data over the period 2005–2013, we perform stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and compute cost efficiency scores at the bank and bank group levels. We deduct from gross costs the negative revaluations of foreign currency items generated by official exchange rate dynamics rather than by managerial decisions. The results indicate that the core state banks, as distinct from other state-controlled banks, were nearly as efficient as private domestic banks during and after the crisis of 2008–2009. Foreign banks appear to be the least efficient market participants in terms of costs, which might reflect their lower (and decreasing over time) penetration of the Russian banking system. We further document that the group ranking by cost efficiency is not permanent over time and depends on the observed differences in bank capitalization and asset structure. We find that foreign banks gain cost efficiency when they lend more to the economy. Core state banks, conversely, lead in terms of cost efficiency when they lend less to the economy, which can result from political interference in their lending decisions in favor of unprofitable projects Private domestic banks that maintain a lower capitalization significantly outperform foreign banks and do not differ from the core state banks in this respect.     

The Credit View, Old and New

Recent writings in the so-called 'credit view' focus on binding finance constraints of macroeconomic activity which arise from the incomplete substitutability of bank credit and from changes in borrowers' net worth. They criticize the standard approaches in the 'money view' for not taking full account of the observable effects of monetary restrictions on real activity. In this paper, the 'new credit view' is contrasted with older macroeconomic theories that placed special emphasis on the banks' systemic potential to expand credit beyond planned saving. The comparative discussion of the underlying arguments about bank behaviour, about the non-neutrality of credit money, and about the transmission of monetary policy impulses reveals some shortcomings in the new view. History helps, moreover, to set the conventional confrontations of the 'credit view' and the 'money view' in perspective. JEL-classification: B22, E32, E44, E51, E52     

Political Unionism and Autonomy in Economies of British Colonial Origin: The Cases of Jamaica and Trinidad

A bstract . This investigation has shown that in developing countries an inconsistency arises between the need for more equitable distribution of income and wealth between classes and groups and the goals of an industrial relations system in which the trade unions are committed to 'political unionism.' While the unions helped to achieve independence and thus economic growth , in Jamaica the country moved into independence with a legacy of hardship and conflict, and of bad labor-management relations. Legitimate union demands were suppressed, producing a situation in which latent conflict became manifest. This became a permanent feature; the unions are encouraged to become militant political organizations which in Trinidad were alienated from the formal political structure. The type of unions and industrial relations systems that emerged after independence proved unsuitable and undesirable for achieving sustained rapid rates of economic growth, making reform of the labor relations system and the electoral process mandatory.     

Emergence of Political Unionism in Economies of British Colonial Origin: The Cases of Jamaica and Trinidad

Abstract . What were the circumstances under which political unionism has emerged in economies of British colonial origin, such as Jamaica and Trinidad? The hypothesis tested is that the political activities of trade unions in such economies played a role in the process of economic development, helping to achieve political independence and then economic growth. But at that stage political unionism is found to be incompatible with needed acceleration of growth rates. A significant deterioration in economic and social conditions produced a crisis and the unions traded support for the parties for some control over economic and social policy. This gave the political leaders the power they needed to negotiate for independence but, in Jamaica, it changed the focus and character of the labor movement.     

《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中科学实践观的理论探讨

马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中对以费尔巴哈为代表的旧唯物主义进行了全面的清算,以科学的实践观作为新旧唯物的分水岭,与旧唯物主义彻底划清界限,赋予了马克思主义哲学以鲜明的实践特征。对《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中科学实践观进行分析,进一步了解马克思主义科学实践观的构建过程,有助于我们更好的把握马克思主义哲学的实践特征。     

现代会计学研究新思维：科学发展观

本文认为,科学发展观体现了马克思主义的唯物史观、矛盾观和发展观等重要哲学内涵。以科学发展观为指导的现代会计学研究要坚持以人为本、全面、协调和可持续发展的观点。     

Political Unionism and the Collective Objective in Economies of British Colonial Origin: The Cases of Jamaica and Trinidad

Abstract . Developing countries face an inconsistency between the need for more equitable distribution of income and wealth between classes and groups and the goals of an industrial relations system in which the trade unions have a systematic commitment to allied political parties to support them in exchange for some control over economic and social policy, or where unions compete with parties for popular support of certain social and political goals. This is designated as 'political unionism' in contradistinction to 'business unionism' where unions support any party whose overall strategy and objectives are most compatible. The analysis shows that ‘political unionism’ led, in Jamaica and in Trinidad and Tabago, to lags in growth which make industrial relations reform a necessity of an effective program of social change.     

风水选址与台北城市发展之探讨

台北市是中国清朝最后一座按风水选址与规划的城市.作者通过文献研究考证了最初台北城的风水选址与方位布局.指出,这些在今天城市发展中在默默地发酵,对今日台北市城市街道的发展和重心区的使用发展上仍有巨大影响.     

从产业融合的角度看物流产业

由于现代信息技术的发展,把很多产业融合在一起,从某个角度看,物流产业是为了达到一体化的发展目标,由运输、仓储、邮政、通信等产业融合而成。文章认为物流产业是一个“大”产业,这有助于从宏观层面上认识物流产业,指导物流产业的发展。     

Economic Theories of Political (Dis)integration

Abstract.  This paper surveys the recent political economy literature on countries' incentives to form international unions and/or to disintegrate in smaller jurisdictions. The main factors that affect these incentives are (i) economic integration, (ii) the international order, (iii) international spillovers and (iv) the institutional setting. Some implications are drawn for the current debate in Europe on the political effects of economic integration, on the enlargement process and on the distribution of prerogatives between the European Union and national governments.