中国寿险产品退保率的影响因素分析——基于省级面板数据的实证检验

本文利用2001-2011年我国各省区的宏观经济与保险数据,考察了影响寿险产品退保率的多种因素。通过固定效应面板数据模型分析,检验了"资金应急假说"、"市场利率假说"和"产品替换假说",为"资金应急假说"和"市场利率假说"提供了新的证据。研究结果表明:长期利率、短期利率和利差显著地影响保单持有人的决策,利率和利差的上升会造成退保率的提高;退保率和失业率、城镇人均住房支出呈正相关关系,和城镇居民收入呈显著负相关关系,结果显示城乡收入差距拉大对退保行为具有较大影响,阻碍了保险市场的发展;新单保险比例也对退保行为产生较大影响。此外,高龄比和金融增加比例也会影响投保人的退保行为。     

就业保护与劳动力市场绩效——基于跨国面板数据的实证分析

本文采用世界经济自由度指数和世界银行的世界发展指标,选取2002-2008年面板数据对就业保护的理论假说和经验分析进行了相应的验证。实证结果表明,就业保护提高了失业率,女性和青年受就业保护制度的影响程度更大;就业保护子指标对失业率的影响与理论估计一致,但显著性较低。其中,雇佣/解雇管制越低,失业率越低;法定解雇成本越高,失业率越低;服兵役时间越长,失业率越高;最低工资、集体协商、工时管制与失业率之间没有显著关系。就业保护问题的研究有助于改进我国的劳动立法,改善女性、青年的就业机会,提高就业率,发挥法律的增进市场效率的作用,为完善劳动力市场的运行机制提供理论支持。     

中国上市公司现金股利变化的公告效应实证研究

以2008~2012年沪深两市发布现金股利变化公告的A股上市公司为研究对象,采用事件研究法实证现金股利变化的公告效应及市场反应,同时检验中国股票市场股利信号传递假说的有效性。结果表明:现金股利变化公告的市场反应明显为负,支持股利信号传递假说;现金股利增减变化的公告效应并没有明显的差异性;采用OLS法对样本数据的横截面进行回归分析,证明股利支付率、市净率和公司规模是现金股利变化公告效应的显著性影响因素。     

制造业投入服务化与女性就业

随着"工业型经济"向"服务型经济"的转变,制造业投入服务化水平不断提高,势必会对服务业就业结构产生重要影响。本文利用OECD投入产出数据和国际劳工组织数据分析制造业投入服务化对服务业女性就业的影响。结果表明:总体而言,制造业投入服务化通过创造效应和转移效应对服务业女性就业具有显著的促进作用。制造业投入服务化使从事家庭生产的女性减少,服务部门的女性就业增加(创造效应);同时使女性劳动力从农业部门和工业部门转移到服务部门(转移效应)。进一步的研究发现,分销、金融、电信和研发投入服务化对服务业女性就业具有显著的正向影响;进口服务要素投入对女性就业的促进作用超过国内服务要素投入;制造业投入服务化对受教育年限较长的女性群体的就业影响更大,并且提高了女性的创业动力。     

基于MSVAR模型的房地产通货膨胀效应研究

笔者运用Markov区制转移模型对我国房地产波动的通货膨胀效应进行研究,发现我国房地产波动的通胀效应具有区制依赖性特点:通货膨胀率预期成分在低速增长区制和中速增长区制阶段,均显著影响房地产收益率,并且方向相反;在三个区制中通货膨胀率的周期成分均显著影响房地产波动,在高速发展阶段房地产波动的通胀效应表现为"代理假说",其余阶段均表现为"费雪假说"。     

环境管制的健康效应与福利效应

本文采用倍差法考察环境管制对健康、就业与收入的影响,并结合构建的理论模型估算环境管制的福利效应。研究发现,环境管制显著改善了健康状况,但降低了就业与工资水平,尽管工资影响不够显著。上述效应在不同经济发展阶段具有显著差异,并且高年龄、低教育组是上述健康收益与经济成本的主要获得者与承担者。福利效应分析表明,环境管制下健康改善的福利收益有效弥补了就业降低的福利损失。     

中国城市群产业集聚与经济效率差异 的门槛效应研究*

本文利用2003-2011年中国十大城市群的面板数据,采用动态GMM估计方法研究了产业集聚对经济效率的门槛效应,并对威廉姆森假说和开放性假说进行了验证。研究结果表明：（1）产业专业化集聚对于没有跨越经济发展水平门槛值的城市群经济效率具有明显的阻滞作用,而对其他门槛作用下的城市群没有显著影响;（2）产业多样化集聚对跨越城市群规模门槛和处于所有经济发展水平阶段的城市群经济效率具有显著的正向影响,但对其他门槛作用下的城市群的影响不显著;（3）提高对外开放程度,加快第二产业、第三产业协调发展将有利于提升城市群的经济效率;（4）在产业专业化和多样化集聚对城市群经济效率的影响效应中没有找到支持威廉姆森假说的经验证据,但从产业多样化集聚视角验证了开放性假说在中国的适用性。最后,本文据此提出了相应的政策建议。     

数字经济背景下互联网使用与灵活就业者劳动供给:理论与实证

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的研究表明,互联网使用可以显著增加灵活就业者的自雇概率,概率增加7.0％.无论全样本还是自雇和受雇分样本,互联网工资溢价的替代效应大于收入效应,互联网使用显著增加了灵活就业者的劳动供给时间,而且对自雇灵活就业者的正向影响大于受雇者.机制分析显示,互联网使灵活就业者拥有更自由的价值导向和生活追求,增加了 自雇就业概率,同时互联网通过增加个人工作偏好和收入水平进一步延长了该群体的劳动供给时间.此外,使用互联网学习、工作、社交等方式对灵活就业者劳动供给的影响存在异质性,与中老年和城镇户籍群体相比,互联网使用更显著地增加青年和农村群体的自雇概率和劳动供给时间.     

中国寿险市场退保影响因素的实证分析

文章分析了影响寿险保单退保的主要因素,并利用中国寿险市场1983-2007年的退保数据,选择失业率、利率、物价指数三个变量建立了向量误差修正模型(VECM)对影响退保的"财务危机"、"利率替代"和"支付贬值"三个假说进行了实证检验,结果表明三个变量都影响退保率的变化,"支付贬值"因素的短期和长期影响最明显,"利率替代"因素的短期和长期效应也比较显著,而"财务危机"的长期效应不显著,文章最后根据分析结果提出了相应的应对措施.     

教育促进劳动者自我雇佣了吗?——基于CHIP数据的经验分析

在其他条件一定的情况下,劳动者受教育水平越低,越有可能选择生存型自雇,中职和中技学历劳动者的生存型自雇和创业型自雇倾向低,大专及以上学历对劳动者选择创业型自雇有促进作用,对生存型自雇有相反影响,高等教育对劳动者自雇选择的总体效应为负。在中国,教育总体上不会促进劳动者自雇。工作年限对劳动者选择自雇具有倒U型影响,男性自雇倾向更强,婚姻有助于劳动者选择自雇,有6岁以下小孩的劳动者选择自雇的概率更高,家庭财富作为流动性约束的代理变量,有利于劳动者选择自雇。完善创业教育体系,提高劳动力市场稳定性,深入推行政府权力清单制度,有利于经济新常态下促进创业型自雇的涌现。     

The persistence of regional new business formation-activity over time – assessing the potential of policy promotion programs

We investigate regional differences in the level and the development of regional new business formation activity. There is a pronounced variance of start-up rates across the regions. The level of regional new business formation is rather path-dependent so that changes are relatively small. The main factors determining the level of regional start-ups are innovation and an entrepreneurial climate. These factors also seem to be responsible for changes in the level of regional new business formation. In addition, unemployment plays a role. Steering innovation and creating an entrepreneurial atmosphere could be an appropriate starting point for policy measures that try to promote start-ups. Our empirical evidence strongly suggests that such measures may have significant effect only in the long run.

基于空间效应的科技企业孵化器运营效率俱乐部收敛研究

科技企业孵化器在区域间的互动既有利于孵化器运营效率提升,同时又给各地孵化器运营带来新机遇和新挑战。在考虑空间效应情形下,科技企业孵化器运营效率是愈发极化还是更加趋同值得探究。构建Super-SBMDEA模型,测量中国内地29个省份2016—2019年国家级科技企业孵化器运营效率,采用探索性空间分析法探究科技企业孵化器运营效率的空间分布收敛情况。结果发现：中国大多数省份科技企业孵化器运营处于有效状态,效率分布呈现“东高西低”特征。中国整体组和L—L组运营效率呈收敛趋势,但空间效应不显著;H-H组和H-L组运营效率呈收敛趋势,且空间效应显著;L-H组收敛趋势不明显。研究结论表明在空间效应情形下,科技企业孵化器运营效率呈现整体收敛和多稳态趋同的特点。     

Labor market dynamics over the business cycle: evidence from Markov switching models

This paper explores the evolution of the U.S. labor market across the business cycle and specifically the relationship between the unemployment rate and the average duration of unemployment. Labor market recoveries have long been thought of as lagging recoveries in broad economic activity. In particular, the unemployment rate peaks several months after official business cycle troughs and the average duration of unemployment lags further behind. Using estimates from Markov switching models of the unemployment rate, average duration of unemployment, jobless claims, and the exhaustion rate of regular unemployment insurance, this paper dates contractionary and expansionary phases of various aspects of the labor market and their relationship to the official phases of the business cycle. Evidence from these models suggests that inflows into unemployment recover almost contemporaneously with broad economic activity, while outflows recover almost a year after the end of official recessions. The differential timing in the recoveries of unemployment inflows and outflows, which is not a characteristic of most macro models of the labor market, accounts for the observed pattern between the unemployment rate and average duration of unemployment. Finally, when comparing the phases of the labor market to periods where Congress extends unemployment insurance benefits, it appears that policymakers target periods where the job finding rate is low, rather than periods where the stock of unemployed workers is high.     

The effect of capital gains taxation on small business transfers and start-ups

This paper studies the effect of capital gains taxation on small business transfers and business start-ups. We consider a model in which agents have different abilities to manage businesses and derive an agent's optimal choices as an owner or non-owner of a small business. Agents' optimal choices depend on their abilities. We also find that capital gains taxation has a negative effect on small business transfers but can encourage small business start-ups.     

The impact of ethnic diversity on microenterprise start-ups

Until recently, factors determining the decisions made by microfinance institutions (MFIs) to extend loans to business start-ups had not been explored. Recent evidence shows that MFI performance with regard to funds issued for small business start-ups depends on MFI-level characteristics such as profit orientation. We argue that these decisions do not only depend on MFI-specific practices or characteristics, but also on the role ethnic diversity plays. Using data on microfinance lending activities for business start-ups, we examine the impact of ethnic diversity on microenterprise start-ups. Results show that ethnic diversity negatively affects the provision of financial capital for business start-up. Furthermore, results also suggest a negative association between ethnic diversity and the share of female borrowers recorded by MFIs. We examine social networks and outreach as potential channels through which ethnic diversity affects business start-ups.     

Wage,productivity and unemployment: microeconomics theory and macroeconomics data

We confront microeconomics theory with macroeconomics data. Unemployment results from two main micro-level decisions of workers and firms. Most of the efficiency wage and bargaining theories predict that over the business cycle, unemployment falls below its natural rate when the worker’s real wage exceeds the reservation wage. However, these theories have weak empirical support. Firm’s decision predicts that when the worker’s real wage exceeds the marginal product of labour (MPL), unemployment increases above its natural rate. Accounting for this microeconomic decision helps explain almost all the fluctuations of US unemployment.     

Subjective well‐being and aggregate unemployment: further evidence

According to the literature, individual well‐being is negatively related to aggregate unemployment. This study examines whether the distribution of aggregate unemployment by duration affects well‐being, in addition to the level of unemployment. Different explanations are provided to indicate how the shares of short‐term (up to 3 months) and long‐term (more than 1 year) unemployed people could affect the well‐being of the employed and unemployed. Using data from almost 300,000 individuals from 11 EU countries, we find significant effects of both shares on life satisfaction. Among the unemployed, for example, we find a U‐shaped effect of the distribution of aggregate unemployment by duration on subjective well‐being, which compensates to some extent for the negative effect of the unemployment rate.     

企业家背景特征对技术创业企业绩效影响的实证研究

以商业模式创新作为中介变量,构建了企业家背景特征与技术创业企业绩效之间关系的理论模型。基于中小板和创业板125家上市公司的数据,采用多元回归分析方法对研究假设进行了验证。结果表明：企业家背景特征中的教育水平、专业背景、职能背景均对技术创业企业绩效具有正向影响;商业模式创新在企业家教育水平、专业背景和职能背景与技术创业企业绩效之间具有部分中介作用。     

Matching frictions,unemployment dynamics and the cost of business cycles

We investigate the welfare cost of business cycles implied by matching frictions. First, using the reduced form of the matching model, we show that job finding rate fluctuations generate intrinsically a non-linear effect on unemployment: positive shocks reduce unemployment less than negative shocks increase it. For the observed process of the job finding rate in the US economy, this intrinsic asymmetry increases average unemployment, which leads to substantial business cycles costs. Moreover, the structural matching model embeds other non-linearities, which alter the average job finding rate and consequently the welfare cost of business cycles. Our theory suggests to subsidizing employment in order to dampen the impact of the job finding rate fluctuations on welfare.     

制造企业服务化转型价值效应研究

以2011-2015年制造业上市公司为研究对象，运用实证研究方法，检验了服务化程度对企业价值的影响，以及产业竞争程度对服务化程度与企业价值关系的调节作用。结果表明：服务化程度与企业价值之间呈倒U型关系。当服务化程度较低时，服务化转型会促进企业价值提升；服务化程度达到临界值（37%左右）后，服务化转型会降低企业价值。产业竞争程度对服务化程度与企业价值关系具有调节作用，当前产业竞争程度的提高会降低服务化转型价值效用，而潜在竞争威胁程度的提升会促进服务化转型价值效用。