Economic exposure and integrated risk management

Most corporate risk management research focuses on particular risk exposures to the exclusion of other interrelated exposures. By contrast, this study models corporate risk exposures using a multivariate approach integrating the distinct exposures of interest to finance, international business, and strategy researchers. The paper addresses the implications of multivariate modeling for corporate risk management, some key methodological issues arising in empirical estimation of corporate economic exposures, and directions for research on integrated risk management. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国品牌建设现状分析及对策

随着经济全球化的不断发展,中国本土品牌在与国际品牌的竞争与对接中获得了长足的发展,并在与企业文化互动中展示了中国特色的品牌发展优势。但在当今具有国际影响力的中国品牌廖廖无几,中国品牌建设和管理仍存在许多薄弱环节。打造本土强势品牌,提升品牌凝聚力和价值核心力,突出企业文化与品牌建设的互动式发展,走国际化品牌的发展之路,成为中国品牌未来建设的必然要求。     

The economic implications of satellite technology and the industrialization of space

This article examines the economic issues emerging from systems options in space industrialization, allocation of orbital space and the impact of satellite technology on economic development. The economics of space industrialization involve most areas of economic analysis, including market failures, regulation and the theory of economic development. With the global economy wavering between recessions and upturns, and with the debts of developing countries threatening the international banking system, the economic impact of satellite technology becomes increasingly relevant.     

A comparative analysis of the internationalization of Chinese and Japanese firms

This paper integrates institution-, industry-, and resource-based views of internationalization and demonstrates that industrial characteristics, firm resources, and institutional factors can significantly explain the differences and similarities of international expansion of Chinese and Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs). In particular, this paper maps the growth of Chinese MNEs since economic reforms in 1978 and that of Japanese MNEs after World War II. We illustrate the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese MNEs with two case studies: foreign direct investment (FDI) of Haier and Matsushita. We suggest that how firms internationalize, in addition to being influenced by industry- and resource-based considerations, is inherently shaped by the domestic and international institutional frameworks governing these endeavors.

Alternative Corporate Governance Systems in Japanese Firms: Implications for a Shift to Stockholder-Centered Corporate Governance

In Asia, the recent catastrophic decline in regional stock markets, continuing currency crisis and failures of major financial institutions and industrial corporations have increased domestic and international interest in corporate governance. Nowhere is this greater than in Japan where financial institution reform has catapulted this to the fore. In this paper, we use agency theory and institutional theory, together with comparative case examples, to derive some propositions on the dynamics of changing corporate governance systems in Japanese firms. We argue for the co-existence of stakeholder and shareholder-centered corporate governance systems in Japan. This argument has an important implication for corporate governance research and agency theory. Namely, changes in ownership structure and institutional expectations would force firms to focus on maximizing shareholder value even where the interests of stakeholders are more emphasized. It suggests an environmental selection mechanism to ensure the emergence of appropriate corporate governance mechanisms to solve the agency problem. Further, the loss of competitiveness and the prolonged poor performance of firms can change the institutional norms to emphasize asset efficiency and transparency rather than stability and business ties.     

国际劳工权益保护及其对中国企业的影响

劳工权益保护问题越来越受到国际社会的关注，先后出现了国际劳工标准、核心劳工标准、社会条款、企业社会责任守则以及SA8000社会责任标准等，它们对中国企业的影响也各不相同。从长远来看，劳工权益保护是经济全球化发展的必然趋势，有些劳工标准还可能成为贸易壁垒。中国企业需要认真分析，积极应对。调整企业的竞争策略，加强企业的劳工权益保护，为企业可持续发展奠定基础。     

National and corporate culture differences in international strategic alliances: Perceptions of Chinese partners

We consider the effect of national culture and corporate culture differences on the management of international strategic alliances (ISAs). Findings are based on the perceptions of a relatively large sample of Chinese partner firms in ISAs with foreign partners. We find that differences in national culture and corporate culture have contributed to a similar extent to differing views on ISA management. However, findings indicate that differences in national culture and corporate culture have a differential impact on aspects of ISA management. Perception of national culture and corporate culture differences and the contribution of those differences to differing views on the management of ISAs are greater in relatively younger ISAs compared with older ISAs. Managers in equity-based ISAs report fewer problems with culture related impediments to managing ISAs than managers in non-equity-based ISAs.

International experience in the executive suite: the path to prosperity?

Attention is increasingly focused on the potential individual career and firm‐level benefits of international experience for upper level executives. This research examines the relationships between CEO international experience, CEO tenure, firm internationalization, succession events, and corporate financial performance. Results indicate a significant interactive effect between CEO tenure and outside succession on CEO international experience. In addition to a relationship with CEO international experience, there are two additional interactive effects in the examination of corporate financial performance: (1) CEO international experience and the degree of firm internationalization, and (2) CEO international experience and CEO succession. These interactive effects are evident in accounting and market indicators of corporate financial performance. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Green finance and outward foreign direct investment: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of green insurance in China

Institutions have an important impact on corporate outward foreign direct investment, while differences in environmental regulations play a significant role in international capital flows based on the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). This study examines the effect of green insurance, an institutional innovation tool designed to diversify and transfer environmental risks, on the decisions of firms regarding their overseas investment. Using a quasi-natural experiment of green insurance in 2007, this paper investigates the relationship between green insurance and corporate outward foreign direct investment and then further examines the effects of marketization and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on this relationship. The results show that green insurance significantly reduces corporate outward foreign direct investment. Furthermore, the effect of green insurance on corporate outward foreign direct investment is stronger in regions with higher marketization and is weaker when investing in BRI countries. These findings suggest that green insurance is playing a gradually important role in influencing corporate overseas investment decisions. This study contributes to the research on the effects of institutions on corporate outward foreign direct investment while also broadening the research perspective of the PHH.

     

产业国际竞争力的二维评价——全球价值链背景下的思考

全球价值链背景下。国际分工已从按产品分工转变为按要素分工，从产业间水平分工转变为价值链分工；产业边界超越国家边界，改变了国家参与国际分工的性质；企业与国家之间也呈现出我中有你、你中有我的局面；这些从根本上动摇了传统产业国际竞争力理论的假设基础。本研究将产业国际竞争力研究的焦点转移到企业，考察不同类型企业的竞争力贡献．据此构建了一个全球价值链背景下评价产业国际竞争力的二维评价模型．进而分析产业国际竞争力的典型模式和演化轨迹。     

Global diversification strategy and corporate profit performance

Based on a sample of 62 multinationals, this paper examines the impact of global diversification strategy on corporate profit performance by integrating the product and the international market dimensions of diversification. The results suggest that the corporate profit performance impact of related and unrelated diversification varies contingent upon the extent of a firm's international market diversification. One important lesson of this work is that both business strategy researchers and managers should review corporate diversification as having distinct yet interactive strategic dimensions—product and international market—and they would do well to recognize both the different and the joint effect of these dimensions on corporate profit performance.     

企业社会贡献对企业价值的影响研究——基于制造业上市公司的经验数据

目前我国正处于进一步深化改革的攻坚阶段,“供给侧改革”等一系列针对经济领域的改革举措正在大力开展。基于此,企业价值的可持续良性评价和对社会贡献度的评价,越来越引起关注。一些企业虽然可能有较高的经济效益和财富价值,但是其对生态环境的破坏、对公益福祉的忽视、对公众诉求的冷漠等行为,引发了社会各界的热议和质疑,企业创造价值的社会贡献因素逐渐引起人们关注。因此,本文将从社会贡献的视角研究企业价值,聚焦企业价值中的社会贡献动因,通过企业社会贡献这一特殊视角研究其对企业价值的影响。     

The chief executive: A breed apart

This study tested the theory that the characteristics of British chief executives would be different from that of the subordinate top management team from which they emanated. The study focused upon variations in experiences over three sets of variables: corporate influences; e.g. tenure, mobility, functional experience, international exposure; domestic influences; e.g. education, family influence; and their self-concept; e.g. aspiration levels, executive success traits. Substantial differences emerged between the two groups across all sets of variables, particularly within the corporate category.     

石油企业如何在经济、环境、社会多重期望下满足能源需求——五大国际石油公司的战略应对

如何在经济、环境、社会多重期望下满足能源需求,是石油企业可持续发展面临的巨大挑战.壳牌、BP、埃克森美孚、道达尔和雪佛龙五大国际石油公司将可持续发展纳入公司战略层面加以统筹考虑,在管理决策和运营过程中融入可持续发展要素,从被动应对转向主动规划,成为推进油气行业可持续发展的倡导者和探索者.国际大石油公司的探索和已经取得的经验值得中国石油企业学习和借鉴.     

Technology transfer and applications

Using case histories, the conflicts inherent in these points of view are analysed in order to show the conditions which seem to be necessary to achieve success in international technology transfer, in a world where trends in techno-economic evolution are seldom in tune with trends in political aspiration.
Transfer of technology is examined from three points of view:
(1) The international political framework within which tendencies towards co-operation or confrontation between the 'developed' and the 'developing' world are largely determined;
(2) The commercial framework in which the interplay of corporate motives and negotiating strategies determines the outcome of individual projects;
(3) The operational framework in which the transferred technology may contribute-or rnay fail to contribute-to the recipient's economic and social development.     

Corporate economic performance: Diversification strategy versus market structure

This paper incorporates both diversification strategy and market structure variables in a study of corporate economic performance. A subsample of 128 firms from Rumelt's 1974 study was updated and utilized to investigate the possibility that market structure variables might moderate or confound the diversification/performance relationship he reported. Study results indicate that performance differences could be demonstrated for some of Rumelt's categories, but, across the range of categories, a hypothesis of performance differences was rejected. As expected, categories associated with distinctly high or distinctly low economic performance were also associated with significant differences in a series of market structure variables.     

Interpenetration of organization and market : Japan's firm and market in comparison with the U.S.

Resource allocation mechanisms used in the market and within the firm are quite often a mixture of the pure market principle and the pure organization principle. Market principles penetrate into the firm's resource allocation and organization principles creep into the market allocation. Interpenetration occurs to remedy the failure of pure principles other in the market or in the organization. After presenting this new perspective, we analyze resource allocation mechanisms in Japan and the U.S. One conclusion is that interpenetration patterns are rather different between the two countries due to institutional, economic and societal differences. We also analyze the ways in which these differences affect Japanese and American corporate behavior in such areas as diversification strategy, corporate financing, and innovation and venture business activity.     

高管海外背景与企业专利国际化 ——基于P CT申请的经验证据

在当前我国PCT(《专利合作条约》)国际专利申请(以下简称PCT申请)快速增长的背景下,本文使用2009~2019年创业板企业的数据,实证分析了高管海外背景对企业专利国际化的影响效果。研究发现:高管海外背景会正向促进企业专利国际化,且当高管既有海外求学背景又有海外任职背景时促进作用最强;相较于非CEO高管海外背景,CEO海外背景更能促进企业专利国际化;从内部治理因素看,高管股票期权激励正向调节高管海外背景对企业专利国际化的促进作用;从外部治理因素看,在知识产权保护程度低的地区,高管海外背景对企业专利国际化的推动作用更明显。本文的研究拓宽了国际专利申请的影响因素以及高管海外背景领域的相关文献,对企业开拓国际市场实现专利国际化具有指导意义。     

The Disappearing Relationship Between Directors' Pay and Corporate Performance

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the remuneration of the highest paid director and the economic performance of approximately 300 large UK companies over the 1980s and early 1990s. The rate of growth of directors' remuneration was very high over this time period (about 20 per cent per year on average) and very weakly linked to corporate performance. Any such link breaks down after 1988, when the very high pay awards received by top directors in the recessionary period up to 1991 appear to be unrelated to the performance of their companies, whether corporate performance is measured using stock market data or using accounting data on earnings per share. Rather, it appears that corporate growth is an important determinant of the change in directors' remuneration. These results strongly call into question the effectiveness of current systems of pay determination for top company directors.     

国有企业混合所有制改革对公司治理能力的影响路径及效果研究

国有企业是我国经济的重要组成部分,在社会主义国民经济体系中占有主导地位.随着我国经济的快速发展,市场经济体制不断完善,我国已经迈入经济转型的新阶段,而国有经济作为我国经济体制中重要的组成部分,由于体制等历史原因,存在着管理效率低下,管理过程中"政企不分",现代企业制度浮于形式等问题,尤其国有企业的公司治理问题一直受社会...