试论灌区改造工程国民经济评价中的费用和效益计算方法

结合江苏省苏北地区某灌区改造工程实际，探讨国民经济评价中费用和效益的计算方法。阐述灌区改造工程费用和效益计算的步骤和方法，指出计算灌区改造工程国民经济评价中费用和效益时应注意的问题。     

Comments on the Brenner–Wood Exchange on the Low Countries

The exchange between Brenner and Wood on the Low Countries in the early modern period raises a number of theoretical and historical issues relating to the conditions for the emergence of capitalist social-property relations and their unique historical laws of motion. This contribution focuses on three issues raised in the Brenner-Wood exchange: the conditions under which rural house-hold producers become subject to 'market coercion', the potential for ecological crisis to restructure agricultural production, and the relative role of foreign trade and the transformation of domestic, rural class relations to capitalist industrialization.     

京沪穗经济发展的对比分析

环渤海地区、长江三角洲地区和珠江三角洲地区是我国的三大城市群，是我国经济发展的火车头。北京、上海、广州作为3个城市群的首位城市，在区域经济发展中扮演了重要的角色；对比分析了该3个城市的经济发展情况，并对以后各自经济发展提出了建议。     

加强地质公园可持续发展

地质公园是以地质遗迹为主题建立的公园.地质公园的建立在保护地质遗迹的同时,也对经济发展起到了很大的推动作用.但作为一种新兴事物,地质公园在发展过程中也显示出了诸多问题,妥善处理公园、遗迹、经济发展三方关系成为一种迫切需要.本文就如何加强地质公园可持续发展,服务经济社会建设提出若干建议.     

A review of the economic impact of malaria in agricultural development

This paper surveys the linkages between malaria and agriculture, focusing on the economic impacts of the disease. We adopt Negin's (2005) conceptual framework to examine the potential impacts of malaria in the agricultural sector, including both direct and indirect impacts. In addition to health care costs, malaria causes loss of agricultural labor and slows adoption of improved practices in agriculture. Furthermore, some agricultural practices and development interventions are known to facilitate the spread of malaria, exacerbating its impacts. Given the importance of both agriculture and malaria in developing countries, especially in Africa, the interaction between them could be a significant factor in economic growth. The review identifies gaps in past research on this topic. A better understanding of malaria's impact on agricultural productivity, coupled with efforts to strengthen capacity to deal with malaria, would enhance policies and programs aimed at combating malaria and curbing its impacts on agricultural productivity.     

Measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture: economic implications for policy and agricultural producers*

If agriculture were to be included in Australia’s carbon price scheme, a key decision for government would be how to estimate greenhouse gas emissions. We explore the consequences of three different methods for measuring on‐farm emissions: national accounting methods, an amended version of those methods and use of best‐available local data. Estimated emissions under the three methods can vary widely; for example, on a case study farm in Western Australia, local data indicated 44 per cent lower emissions than did the national accounts method. If on‐farm emissions are subject to an emissions price, the impact on farm profit is large and varies considerably with different measurement methods. For instance, if a price of $23/t of CO2‐e applies then farm profit falls by 14.4–30.8 per cent depending on the measurement method. Thus, the choice of measurement method can have large distributional consequences. On the other hand, inaccurate measurement results in relatively minor deadweight losses. On‐farm sequestration through reafforestation may lessen the impact of an emissions price on farm businesses, although it will require a high carbon price to be viable, especially if sequestration rates are underestimated or low.     

湖北省区域经济发展差异及其时空格局研究

20世纪80年代以来，在湖北省经济发展总体水平与沿海省市差距拉大的同时，区内经济差异也发生了显著的变化；利用计量统计分析和GIS手段探讨了湖北省区域经济差异变化的时间特征和空间格局，提出了调控湖北省区域经济差异的政策建议。     

山东省城市化对区域发展的经济效应研究

以山东省17个城市为研究对象,通过多元回归模型分析了城市化对山东省不同城市经济发展的影响;选取非农人口占总人口比重、建成区面积、道路面积、固定资产投资额和第三产业就业人口比重这5个指标来衡量城市化水平,认为不同城市化因子对区域经济的贡献存在较大差异,全省难以选择统一的城市化模式,但总体来说山东省要加大除道路建设以外的固定资产投资,进而全面带动经济的发展,同时各城市在发展过程中应各有侧重点。     

水利与经济社会发展问题

针对人们对水的认识不足,不注意节制自己的行为,不注意有效保护、节约水资源的问题,指出：水资源为万物生存发展之必需,水资源是稀缺性资源,水资源具有不可替代性。强调：水利不仅是农业的命脉,而且是国民经济的基础设施和基础产业;水利不仅是经济,也关系到政治。提出：必须用科学的发展观指导水利发展,坚持人与自然和谐相处,正确处理水与生态的关系;经济社会发展要“量水而行”、“量水发展”;在注重水资源治理、开发和利用的同时,更加重视水资源的配置、节约和保护。     

江西经济发展现状分析及对策研究

江西经济发展水平与沿海发达省市的差距在拉大,发展速度落后于全国水平;分析了江西经济发展的总体条件、比较优势以及存在问题;认为江西经济发展缓慢的原因主要在于没有充分发挥自身优势,没有形成优势项目与优势产业,经济发展战略上存在一定问题;提出了实施品牌战略、更新发展观念、加强人才开发与储备、大力发展第三产业与高新技术产业和经济可持续发展等对策。     

我国经济林产业发展问题分析与对策研究

结合已有文献和多个省市地区案例,对我国经济林产业发展现状和存在的问题进行了战略层面的分析,结果表明:我国经济林产业发展迅速潜力巨大,但是存在着知识产权维护体系不完善、规模化程度偏低、产品分级不严格、标准化建设缺失、政府职能划分不清晰、产业间衔接不足等问题。针对当前发展现状,提出了加大研发投入、创新知识产权维护机制、全面推进标准化建设、从生产要素和市场需求层面解决规模化困境、顶层设计科学规划、加强部门合作等建议。     

Rural Economies and Transitions to Capitalism: Germany and England Compared (c.1200–c.1800)

Based on a synthesis of the empirical scholarship on England and Germany, this paper demonstrates that in both regions, rural socio‐economic developments from c.1200 to c.1800 are similar: this period witnesses the rise to numerical predominance and growing economic significance of the ‘sub‐peasant classes’, which had a growing impact on the market as a result of their increasing market dependence, and from which – towards the end of the period – a rural proletariat emerged. Against the influential theory of Robert Brenner, it is argued that the period c.1200–c.1400 cannot really be categorized as ‘feudal’ according to Brenner's definition; and ‘agrarian capitalism’ does not adequately describe the socio‐economic system that obtained by the end of the sixteenth century. A genuine transition to capitalism is only evident from after c.1750, and can be found in Germany as well as in England; it is predicated both on ideological shifts and on the evolution of the rural proletariat, which is only found in large numbers by or after c.1800.     

Economic development,food demand and the consequences for agricultural resource requirements: an application to Indonesia

We analyse food demand patterns of Indonesian households from a resource intensity perspective and quantify the impact of changed demand patterns on the use of three major resource inputs: fossil fuel; land; and water in agricultural production. Using Indonesian Family Life Survey data, 13 major food items (which constitute 70 per cent of food expenditure) are categorised into low, moderate and high resource intensity, and income elasticity and Engel curves are estimated for the period from 1997 to 2007. Our results show that income growth in Indonesia is associated with demand patterns that are more resource intensive. By 2007, per capita requirements of fossil fuel, land and water increased by 42.7 per cent (3.13 MJ), 44.9 per cent (1.24 m²) and 50.4 per cent (2.1 kL), respectively, relative to 1997. The results imply that, at least for Indonesia, changed food demand patterns resulting from economic development will increase the demand for natural resources substantially.     

渔港经济区产业集群发展研究

建设现代渔港经济区,对于当前拓展转产转业渔民的发展空间、构建渔业产业化平台、优化海洋产业结构具有深远意义,更是加快海洋经济步伐,全面建设小康社会的重要举措。以产业集群为基础发展渔港经济区有利于形成规模化优势、差异化优势以及相关产业"提升效应"优势。本文在分析这些优势的基础上,提出发展渔港经济区产业集群的几点措施,以期对今后渔港经济区产业集群的建设有一定的借鉴和促进意义,带动地区经济的繁荣。     

区域文化资源与江苏省南北经济发展差异

江苏省历史悠久,地方文化内涵深厚,经济发展水平较高,省域内部差异较大;以淮河为界将江苏省分为南北两个文化区,对区域间文化资源的差异进行了分析,通过对文化差异的地理背景因素以及文化对区域经济发展影响的探讨,从地域文化的角度提出了促进区域经济快速、健康和持续发展的一些对策与建议。     

经济发展与水环境监测指标的耦合关联性研究

以山东省为例,研究经济发展与水环境污染之间的关系,把物理学中的耦合概念引入经济发展指标GDP与水污染监测指标相关关系的研究中,通过构建GDP与水污染监测指标的耦合关联度模型,求得水污染监测指标与GDP之间的关联度,并分析评价了GDP与水污染的耦合作用机制。计算结果表明,GDP与生活、工业废水诸因素之间存在耦合关系,且GDP对生活废水的耦合作用要高于工业废水。在此基础上,提出相关建议和措施以缓解生活污水的污染进程,改善区域水环境,实现地区经济和生态环境的协调发展。     

BRICS varieties of capitalism and food regime reordering: A comparative institutional analysis

The emergence of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has sparked debates on the possibility of a ‘great transformation’ in the course of neoliberal capitalism and the global agrifood system. This paper seeks to contribute to these debates by providing a comparative institutional analysis of the BRIC(S) ‘varieties of capitalism’ in the current ‘food regime’ international reordering. Capital accumulation, social reproduction and politics are key problems of the ‘agrifood question’ in the BRIC(S) varieties of capitalism. My argumentation is that capitalist diversity stems largely from the historically embedded legacy of the agrarian question in each country, that the dynamics of the agrifood system influence their development trajectories in decisive ways, and that the BRIC(S)‐driven polycentric shifts in the contemporary food regime are crucial to the destiny of global capitalism.     

江苏省水资源利用与经济发展脱钩分析

基于IPAT方程的脱钩理论评价方法,利用2000—2010年江苏省及13个市的统计数据,分别从整体、第一产业、第二产业、第三产业4个方面描述了水资源利用与经济发展的关系以及各市水资源利用与经济发展关系的区域差异。研究结果表明:江苏省2000—2010年多数年份经济发展与水资源利用处于弱脱钩状态,第一产业经济发展与江苏省整体发展态势大致相同,第二产业经济发展与水资源利用已逐步实现稳定的强脱钩状态,第三产业经济发展与水资源利用一直处于弱脱钩状态,且各市的经济发展与水资源利用关系均存在不同程度的区域差异。对此,江苏省需积极调整产业结构,加大水资源保护力度,发挥区域协同效应,因水制宜,扬长避短,稳步实现江苏省及各产业水资源利用与经济发展强脱钩,促进节水型社会的建设。     

湖南省经济空间结构演变及其经济溢出效应研究

以县域为基本空间单元,以人均GDP为衡量指标分析湖南省经济空间结构演变过程,结果表明,自1990年代中期以来,湖南省县域经济处于空间集聚过程中,经济空间结构呈现明显的核心—边缘模式。通过模型对经济空间格局的经济增长效应的分析表明,湖南省县域间经济增长的空间相关性不显著。HH型县域集聚区内部经济发展相互促进作用有限,区域经济之间的相关性不明显;HL型县域与相邻县域呈负相关,其经济发展剥夺了外围县域的发展机会;LH型县域获得高水平发展县域的辐射获得很快发展,有向HH型转变的趋势;LL型县域之间的经济溢出效应不显著。