The Sufficiency of Single Tax Revenue:

A bstract . Statements claiming that the single tax would raise insufficient revenue to support modern governments have been damaging to Henry George's proposal to tax the rent of land. It is argued that these claims are a misleading way of assessing George's proposal. Firstly, it is shown that estimates of rent usually understate the revenue that would have been raised under the single tax. Secondly, the idea of a counterfactual proposition is used to show that government expenditure would have been lower subsequently had George's proposal been adopted. The conclusion is that there are generally errors of omission in estimating the sufficiency of single tax revenue.     

加强税收环境治理,提高纳税服务质量

税收环境是经济发展环境的重要组成部分,直接关系到各类市场主体能否公平竞争,并最终影响经济的持续健康发展。税务机关作为政府重要的职能部门,应站在促进经济发展的高度,挖掘、整合环境资源,优化税收环境,为税务机关向纳税人提供优质纳税服务提供保障。本文通过对税收环境内涵的诠释,指出加强税收环境综合治理对完善我国纳税服务的重要作用。并针对现行我国纳税服务中存在的问题,提出加强税收环境综合治理的有效措施。     

Use-Value Assessment Tax Expenditures in Urban Areas

Use-value assessment is the practice of valuing land for property tax purposes in its current use, rather than at its full market value. This practice is widespread in the U.S. and is intended to reduce the property tax burden on agricultural land near urban areas and slow the pace of land development. We examine the foregone property tax revenue, or tax expenditure, due to use-value assessment. Data sets for two case studies are employed in empirical estimation of spatial models of the difference between market value and use value, providing the analytic basis for estimates of tax expenditures.     

Revenue equivalence and income taxation

This paper considers the classical independent private values model of auction theory in the presence of income taxation. We show that revenue equivalence remains valid if income taxes are proportional. Progressive and regressive taxes lead, in general, to asymmetries between bidders with the well-known consequence that revenue equivalence no longer holds. However, if symmetry of the bidders is maintained, progressive (regressive) income tax implies a higher (lower) expected revenue in first-price than in second-price auctions. Financial support by theDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknowledge.     

Sources of Public Revenue that Make Nations Richer

Among sources of public revenue that make nations richer, the most beneficial are charges for harms, such as pollution and congestion, and charges for the private benefits from public services. Increases in the money supply sufficient to keep price changes in line with expectations are also beneficial. Taxes on concentrations of wealth are beneficial if wealth inequality is considered harmful. Properly administered taxes on land do no harm and are beneficial when markets are imperfect. Among taxes that cause harm, the combination of a tax on labour income and a tax on inheritances is probably the least damaging.     

Revenue trade-offs: Implications for state Government finance

Modifications in state level fiscal structures to address inequitable tax burdens or the issue of public sector growth have been accomplished by substituting one tax for another or by adjusting rates of existing taxes. This paper presents this fiscal adjustment process on the state level in terms of a policy in which complementary or competitive taxes are jointly determined as a tax mix in a process of revenue trade-offs.     

论物业税能否成为地方财政的主体税源

物业税征收的主要目的之一便是使之成为我国地方财政的主体税源,而这一目的能否实现取决于物业税的征收方案。针对不同物业税征收方案进行对比分析,得到的结论是仅合并房地产保有环节税种不足以使物业税成为地方财政的主要来源,将土地出让收入纳入物业税的征收,才有可能使物业税成为我国地方政府的主体税源。     

The Revenue Adequacy of Site Value Taxation in a Ricardian System of Economic Growth

A bstract . The federal administration has sought to reduce the growth of federal expenditures by shifting some government costs to state and local governments. An increased expenditure burden for the latter governments would require increased tax rates for existing types of taxes that have adverse impacts on economic incentives. Land taxes are considered as a source of revenue because of their efficiency aspects. Unfortunately this idea is all too often dismissed because of alleged revenue inadequacy. Thus an analysis is called for of the revenue adequacy of site value taxation in a Ricardian model of economic growth. The model allows analysis of revenue adequacy over time in an economic growth context that is suited for the long range tax-expenditure planning horizon with which local governments are faced. When revenue needs are primarily dependent upon the population size, and the fisc is initially operating at a deficit, for a land tax to permit attainment of balance, per capita rents must be increasing over time. Also when the economy's public service demand is primarily dependent upon income, deficits will not occur if rental share exceeds the share of income devoted to public output. Not all income goes to fiscal output, so rent eventually exceeds expenditures.     

高校税收管理存在的问题及对策研究

高校作为一个纳税主体,长期以来在税收管理方面存在一些问题。通过对存在问题的剖析,提出相应的对策,从而降低高校税务风险,提高财务管理水平。     

衡阳市财政收入的影响因素研究

财政收入主要受重大工业项目投资、国民生产总值、税收、产业结构等因素的影响。本文针对衡阳市财政收入影响因素建立了计量经济模型,利用E-views软件对收集到的数据进行相关、回归分析,指出了影响财政收入的主要因素及其影响程度,并提出了衡阳市财政收入增长的对策和建议。     

Property Tax Equalization Rates: Implications of Their Use in Tax Inequality Cases in the City of New York

A bstract . The New State Board of Equalization and Assessment annually determines for each taxing jurisdiction within the state, an estimate of the ratio of its assessed values to market values. The methods used in constructing such ratios are reviewed as well as the ways in which the ratios are used. Special emphasis is given to the use of the ratio by taxpayers in tax inequality or certiorari cases. Using data on New York City , it is estimated that maximum use of the ratio in such cases could lead to as much as a 22 percent reduction in the City's property tax base. As well, estimates are made of the redistributive effects across different property types in the city under the assumption that tax rates are increased to just offset the revenue effects of the tax base erosion. The most obvious effect is the increased burden on residential housing owner-occupiers.     

税收收入与非税收入的规模与规范化分析

财源建设是当前地方政府的一项重要工作,做好财源建设的基础工作首先是要将财源的构成进行明确界定.本文从黑龙江省税收收入与非税收入的规模与结构的基本情况入手,分析了税收收入与非税收入结构不合理的原因,借鉴国外的一些经验,提出了将税收收入与非税收入规范化的对策.     

财政税收对市场经济发展的影响探究

在我国经济不断发展的过程中,税收工作随着市场经济的发展不断完善,已经逐渐影响到人们生活的方方面面,而且在发展过程中已经被广大人民以及企业所接受。我国税收已经从财政收入职能向收入与经济增长协同共进方向转变,这种功能性的变化是税收为了适应当前市场经济而做出的调整,对于我国现代化发展有着不可估量的作用。因此,论文重点围绕财政税收与市场经济发展之间的关系进行论述。     

The Revenue Potential of Site Value Tax: Extension and Update of General Equilibrium Model With Recent Empirical Estimates of Several Key Parameters

A bstract . Although appealing on the consideration of efficiency, the site ( land ) value tax has been dismissed by some economists as an unviable alternative to the local real estate tax on the ground that it cannot generate sufficient revenue. From earlier work based on a general equilibrium model, however, a switch from a real estate to an equal yield site value tax could result in an increase in equilibrium land prices (and hence the site value tax base). In particular, equilibrium land prices will rise with a site value relative to a real estate tax if: (L+K/L) > e_x. (f_L+ f_k)/f_k. s_x+ e_x. f_L Critical to that theoretical result are the magnitudes of several parameters including the percent land constitutes of total real estate value , (L + K/L), the elasticity of substitution, s_x, the elasticity of demand for real estate e_x, and the output elasticities, f_k and f_L. Based on recent empirical estimates of those parameters, the above stated condition holds.     

Estimating cigarette-tax revenue

This paper presents a cigarette-tax revenue model which predicts potential tax revenues. The model is unique in that revenues are estimated in a two-stage process which is invariant to the type of state sales/excise tax regime. The model also controls for cross-state spillover effects. The empirical model was estimated using data from Alabama and surrounding states from 1955 to 1990. The results suggest the demand for cigarettes in Alabama is relatively inelastic; spillover effects are found but are small in scale; and additional revenue potentials can be realized by changes in the tax regime.     

The Role of Symmetry between the Revenue and the Expenditure Side of the Government Budget in the Debate about the Potential Negative Effects of Tax Competition

The effects of capital tax competition are reconsidered in this paper incorporating the argument that the expenditure structure of public budget should reflect its revenue structure. The paper offers a small open economy model where capital and labour tax revenues are used exclusively on the provision of public inputs. It is shown that if the revenue side of the government budget exactly matches the expenditure side that is if industrial public goods are financed by both private production factors with the weights reflecting the contributions of public inputs to the private factor productivity then public inputs are provided optimally even in the presence of tax competition.     

地方财政一般预算收入预测模型及实证分析

目前,我国地方财政收入预测模型的水平参差不齐,预测方法科学不足、预测机制不能与国际接轨。本文结合地方财政收入的构成内容以及结构特点,使用传统时间序列、多元回归以及基于学习理论的SVM方法,分别对一般预算收入以及其中的主要税种建立单项预测模型,最后引入组合预测方法将上述三种方法有效结合,在浙江省实际数据的支持下建立了较为完整的地方财政一般预算收入预测模型,预测出浙江省“十一五”期间的地方财政一般预算收入。     

论纳税筹划的意义及可能途径

纳税筹划是纳税人合法谋求税收利益的活动,这种活动从另一个方面也在推动税法更加健全和科学。税法规定本身和税收征管执法效果上的差别,为纳税筹划提供了可能途径,若对经济活动事先作出恰当的安排,就可能达到合法省税和规避税务风险的目的。     

房地产税改革与土地财政困局破解——基于对地方财政影响的情景分析

地方政府过度依赖土地出让收入是当前中国公共管理面临的重要难题。改革房地产税制并触发土地制度的连锁反应是破解中国土地治理困局的基本出路。通过预测不同改革方案下典型城市住房相关土地财政收入变化,评估房地产税替代土地出让（纯）收益成为地方支柱性收入源的前景。研究发现,如果合理设计覆盖城市存量和新增住房的房地产税,可在短期内保证地方土地财政收入的相对稳定,并在远期实现房地产税替代土地出让金成为地方财政支柱的目标,增强土地财政收入的可持续性。近期政府应改变“重流转、轻保有”的状况,将房地产税培育成为地方主体税种,远期应推进城乡一体化土地市场体系、土地出让制度和土地增值税制度联动改革,使地方土地财政收入从以一次性的土地出让纯收益为主向以持续的房产保有税、土地增值税等为主转变,促进政府土地管理本位职能回归,破解土地财政与政府治理困局。