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1.
Developing Policies and Instruments for Sustainable Household Consumption: Irish Experiences and Futures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In recent years, the concept of sustainable consumption (SC) has received increased attention. Overconsumption in industrialized
countries still presents major challenges to achieving sustainable development goals despite the global economic crisis. This
paper offers an in-depth analysis of national influences on consumption patterns in the Republic of Ireland, focusing in particular
on the role of governance in the design of policy instruments for sustainable consumption. It is argued that country-specific
political conditions and policy frameworks fundamentally shape everyday household consumption. After an initial discussion
of the effectiveness of three key types of policy instruments—legislative, economic, communicative—the paper compares SC policy
making and implementation in Ireland with examples of good practice from Europe. An agenda to progress Ireland’s sustainable
consumption policy framework is proposed in the concluding part of the paper. 相似文献
2.
The aim of this article was to analyse an attempt to promote sustainable consumption by shaping the conditions for consumption.
In particular, the focus lies on sustainable public catering as an approach to shaping both the supply of and demand for sustainable
meals. In order to capture the processes of governing consumption, the way is traced in which rationalities (ways of thinking
and calculating), technologies (means and instruments), visibilities (concrete manifestations), and identities (types of agents
assumed) related to a policy intervention for sustainable public catering are interpreted and recreated by three main groups
of actors involved: policy makers, catering professionals, and consumers. This analysis highlights the active role of practitioners
in realizing policies for sustainable consumption. It has implications for policy makers and analysts: Reflexive policies
should heed to actors’ unfolding interpretations as they can take the policy process in different directions. 相似文献
3.
Sustainable consumption is a core policy objective within the UK Government's Sustainable Development Strategy and there is a growing awareness that retailers have a vital role to play in promoting more sustainable patterns of consumption. This article explores how the UK's top ten food retailers are communicating sustainable consumption agendas to their customers within stores in the towns of Cheltenham and Gloucester. The findings reveal that while these retailers are providing customers with some information on sustainable consumption the dominant thrust of marketing communication within stores is designed to encourage consumption. The article concludes with some reflections on how sustainable consumption fits into the large food retailers' business models. 相似文献
4.
Maurie J. Cohen 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2006,29(1):67-77
Academic proponents of sustainable consumption have marshaled considerable evidence over the past decade to support calls
for more efficacious lifeways among residents of the world’s developed countries. Policymakers continue, however, to resist
these recommendations because sustainable consumption runs counter to dominant tenets of neo-liberal economics and conventional
political objectives. Unless investigators in the field can identify a cadre of clients that is interested in forming tacit
partnerships, the concept of sustainable consumption is likely to remain little more than a prospective pursuit. This article
suggests that there are some nascent indications that these kinds of alliances are developing. For sustainable consumption
to take root in the policy sphere, it will be necessary to more actively foster these relationships and to cast this form
of knowledge as a form of democratic counterexpertise that challenges elite economic and political institutions that regularly
appropriate and deploy consumer science to advance their own interests. 相似文献
5.
Comparing Society’s Awareness
of Women: Media-Portrayed Idealized Images and Physical Attractiveness
An advertiser develops visual associations of signs and symbols to create a product image that motivates consumers. Today
is characterized by a solid consumer culture based on visual identity consumption that articulates and interacts with each
consumer’s daily actions, words, and visual perceptions. The frequent use of female role portrayals and physical attractiveness
in advertising contributes to an increase in society’s awareness of women. Some scholars have developed an ethical discussion
out of the phenomenon of female role portrayals not matching the public expectations because the portrayals are too narrowly
defined and women are unfavorably depicted. But another group has studied the product-type match-up hypothesis, which emphasizes
effectively employing attractive female endorsers that closely match the product type. The shift in female social status in
Taiwan contributes to the importation of foreign ideas such as feminine values, rituals, and esthetics. Women in Taiwan have
been introduced to a new feminism, a modified perception of appropriate personal appearance and behavior. This current research
utilizes content analysis and in-depth interviews to explore contemporary female role portrayals in advertising. In addition,
this article examines the relationship between the formation of contemporary physical attractiveness and visual consumption
in advertising. The results reveal that most endorsers were celebrities, with fit bodies and pleasant␣expressions, portrayed
as product users who offer personal experiences to deliver product knowledge. Conservation classical beauty was the most common
depiction, while sexual expression was the least common. Finally, this article recommends that different types of beauty,
posture, and appeal should be carefully selected to match domestic and foreign magazines’ readers. 相似文献
6.
How does the theory of consumption values contribute to place identity and sustainable consumption?
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Christina K. C. Lee Deborah S. Levy Crystal Sheau Fen Yap 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2015,39(6):597-607
The importance of consumers’ role in sustainable consumption is reflected in the vision of the Sustainable Development Education Panel: To educate consumers to make informed consumption decisions, to take responsibility for their actions and to realize the impact of consumption decisions on future generations. However, educating and informing consumers alone is unlikely to change deeply entrenched unsustainable consumption behaviour. A multi‐faceted approach is required – enforcing sustainable development initiatives through legislation, promoting corporate social responsibility programs on the part of business, and (most importantly), supporting communities that engage in sustainable consumption. This study examines the proposition that individuals who identify with their community (i.e. the residential suburb or a locality where identity is understood geographically) are more likely to engage in sustainable consumption. Specifically, it examines how consumption value (i.e. the perceived value of living in a particular residential suburb) contributes to place identity and to environmental attitudes and sustainable consumption behaviour. Structural equation modelling is used to verify the conceptual model using data from a telephone survey of 561 residents from two inner city suburbs in Auckland, New Zealand. The results support the proposition that environmental attitude and sustainable consumption behaviour is enhanced by consumption values through place identity. Residents who enjoy living in their community, value a clean and healthy environment and believe their suburbs are unique tend to develop a stronger identity with their residential suburb, and are more positive towards sustainable consumption. The results have important implications for social marketers, property marketers and city councils who strive to encourage sustainable consumption among its citizens. 相似文献
7.
Gerben A. Van Kleef Eric van Dijk Wolfgang Steinel Fieke Harinck Ilja van Beest 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2008,17(1):13-30
This paper reviews research on the role of anger in conflict. We distinguish between intrapersonal and interpersonal effects
of anger, the former referring to the impact of parties’ feelings of anger on their own behavior and the latter referring
to the impact of one parties’ anger on the other’s behavior. We further compare the effects of anger across a variety of conflict
settings, including negotiation, ultimatum bargaining, prisoner’s dilemma, resource dilemma, and coalition formation. At the
intrapersonal level, anger is associated with competition in all conflict settings. In contrast, the interpersonal effects
of anger differ across situations, with anger sometimes eliciting cooperation, sometimes eliciting competition, and sometimes
having no effect. Based on the research reviewed, we conclude that the interpersonal effects of anger in conflict are determined
by the level of interdependence of the parties, their information processing tendencies, and the justifiability of the anger
expressions.
Preparation of this paper was facilitated by a Veni grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 451–05–010)
awarded to Gerben A. Van Kleef. 相似文献
8.
Matthias Ehrgott Felix Reimann Lutz Kaufmann Craig R. Carter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(1):99-119
Despite the growing public awareness of social sustainability issues, little is known about what drives firms to emphasize
social criteria in their supplier management practices and what the precise benefits of such efforts are. This is especially
true for relationships with international suppliers from the world’s emerging economies in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern
Europe. Building on stakeholder theory, we address the issue by examining how pressures from customers, the government, and
employees as primary constituencies of the firm determine the extent to which firms consider social aspects in the selection
of emerging economy suppliers. Further, we analyze how such socially sustainable supplier selection relates to the capabilities
of the firm’s suppliers, its market reputation, and the learning in its supply management organization. We test the developed
research framework empirically using data from 244 U.S. and German corporations. Our findings, consistent with our hypothesized
model, suggest that middle-level supply managers as internal stakeholders play a major driving role for firms’ socially sustainable
supplier selection, and that strong positive links exist between that selection and the investigated outcomes. 相似文献
9.
What are the implications of the current international political, and economic settings for consumer policy, and, in particular, those regarding sustainable consumption? In terms of improvements in the efficiency of consumption, the settings have induced efforts to this effect and show potential for further progress. In terms of necessary changes in consumption levels and patterns, however, little progress has been made since the Rio Summit nor is there likely to be any in the near future. These two dimensions of sustainable consumption need to be differentiated, as there is a substantial amount of controversy regarding our ability to achieve sustainable consumption on the basis of improvements in efficiency alone. The paper traces these differences with respect to the work of the major international governmental organizations (IGOs) engaged in developing sustainable consumption governance. It argues that the lack of commitment to strong sustainable consumption among IGOs can be explained by their “weakness” as actors in global governance and the existence of strong opposing interests among consumers and business actors. 相似文献
10.
Anselmo Ferreira Vasconcelos 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,93(4):607-622
Both the spirituality in organizations and managerial issues have been addressed through different religion-based beliefs.
In this article, one intends to enlarge it through the perspective of the Spiritist Doctrine (SD). Thus, it reviews the SD
literature, as well as spirituality in organizations theory to find common views. In addition, it (1) argued that SD tenets,
codified by Allan Kardec, also bring helpful contributions to work settings that differ from the traditional religion approaches
and (2) discussed its implications to managers’ spiritual development. It is posited that the SD tenets, while building on
and expanding Jesus Christ’s teachings, disclose us some severe implications related to our future. In a broader view, SD
tenets provide important warnings that encompass people work lives as well. Finally, we depict a framework that embraces corporate
life coupled with some factors that may likely build and enhances one’s spiritual progress, the potential spiritual rewards
derived from these factors, and the loci where the rewards are enjoyed. 相似文献
11.
Toke Haunstrup Christensen Mirjam Godskesen Kirsten Gram-Hanssen Maj-Britt Quitzau Inge Røpke 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2007,30(2):91-116
Consumer-oriented environmental policies came high on the political agenda during the 1990s. Internationally, consumers were assigned a key role in environmental policies; also in Denmark, political initiatives were taken to promote sustainable consumer behaviour. In this article, the results of Danish policies related to consumption and environment are assessed by considering first, the environmental impacts of the political measures, and second, whether the policies have succeeded in addressing the dynamics behind increasing consumption. The study combines a theoretical understanding of consumption as an inseparable part of daily practices with empirical analyses of three fields of consumption: housing, transportation, and information and communication technology. It is pointed out that policies to promote sustainable consumption are successful only when technological development, economic structures, and information are all in accordance with each other, and this is the case only when sustainable consumption does not conflict with economic growth. A more fundamental critique thus concerns the failure of Danish consumer-oriented environmental policies to address consumption growth and the rising standards for “normal consumption.” 相似文献
12.
Although most of us understand and accept that we play different roles in different settings, the moral implications of an
unquestioned role-based world are serious. The prevalence of roles at the expense of ‘real’ people in organizations jeopardizes
our ability to exercise full moral agency and ascribe moral responsibility, because ‘we were only fulfilling our role obligations’.
This reasoning does not sustain ethical scrutiny, however, because individuals are always present behind the role, though
they may lack awareness of their ability to choose and act as fully fledged individuals. The article argues that moral responsibility
requires us to move away from a role-based life game which leads us to compartmentalize and forget who we are and what we
value at a significant cost. On the contrary, an understanding of the process of compartmentalization and a greater awareness
of the complex yet holistic nature of the self contribute to furthering moral integrity and responsibility. 相似文献
13.
This article reports the results of research aimed at developing and validating a multi-item scale to measure consumers’ agreement
with three main justifications for not engaging in socially responsible consumption (SRC) behaviours, namely the ‘economic
rationalist argument’ founded on the idea that the costs of SRC are greater than its benefits, the ‘economic development reality
argument’ based on the idea that ethical and moral aspirations are less important than the economic development of countries,
and the ‘government dependency argument’ grounded in the premise that government inaction demonstrates the legal character
and the banality of unethical consumption behaviours. The scale items were generated on the basis of a multi-country qualitative
study of consumers (Eckhardt et al., 2006, ‘Why Don’t Consumers Behave Ethically’. DVD Document, AGSM). The content validity
of the scale was assessed in the first study. The second study was a survey of 157 Canadian adult consumers in which the three-dimensional
scale and other scales measuring relevant concepts were administered. The survey results showed that the 28-item resulting
scale is reliable and generally behaves as one would theoretically expect. Implications for consumption ethics researchers
and policy makers are proposed. 相似文献
14.
Rüdiger Hahn 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,84(3):313-324
The first United Nations Millennium Development Goal calls for a distinct reduction of worldwide poverty. It is now widely
accepted that the private sector is a crucial partner in achieving this ambitious target. Building on this insight, the ‹Bottom
of the Pyramid’ concept provides a framework that highlights the untapped opportunities with the ‹poorest of the poor’, while
at the same time acknowledging the abilities and resources of private enterprises for poverty alleviation. This article connects
the idea of business with the poor to sustainable development and especially to the notions of inter- and intragenerational
justice. These principles of justice can be linked with the ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ approach directly through the Rawlsian
principles to foster holistic thinking. On this basis, the article offers a normative-ethical reasoning of corporations’ possible
responsibilities for the poorest of the poor. Today’s state of worldwide inequalities is likely to generate future tensions
between the privileged western world and the uncounted mass of poor (let alone the ethical dubiousness of this status). However,
it is at the same time problematic if not even impossible to improve the situation of the poor by simply copying the resource
intensive western way of living to the ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ due to the limited carrying capacity of the earth. After highlighting
possible moral dilemmas which may occur through such a potential trade off, this article concludes with an outlook on how
the concepts ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ and sustainable development could be combined. 相似文献
15.
Just as socially irresponsible organizational behavior leaves a punitive legacy on society, socially responsible organizations
can foster curative change. This article examines whether small organizations can foster societal change toward more sustainable
modes of living. We contend that consumption is deeply intertwined with social relations and norms, thus making individual
behavioral change toward sustainability a matter of facilitating change in individual behavior, as well as in social norms
and relations between organizations and consumers. We argue that it is in this facilitation process that small firms can play
a major role, by adopting upstream and downstream approaches to diffuse behavioral change. By synthesizing four key strands
of literature – small businesses and corporate social responsibility, ethical consumption, community social marketing, and
the diffusion of innovation – and using the exemplar case of Modbury, the iconic “plastic bag-free” town, we demonstrate how
responsible small firms can influence communities, and the individuals therein, to encourage environmentally sustainable practice
to diffuse and support change in society. 相似文献
16.
Communication is central to many settings in marketing and economics. A focal attribute of communication is miscommunication.
We model this key characteristic as a noise in the messages communicated, so that the sender of a message is uncertain about
its perception by the receiver, and then identify the strategic consequences of miscommunication. We study a model where competing
senders (of different types) can invest in improving the precision of the informative but noisy message they send to a receiver,
and find that there exists a separating equilibrium where senders’ types are completely revealed. Thus, although communication
is noisy it delivers perfect results in equilibrium. This result stems from the fact that a sender’s willingness to invest
in improving the precision of their messages can itself serve as a signal. Interestingly, the content of the messages is ignored
by the receiver in such a signaling equilibrium, but plays a central role by shaping her beliefs off the equilibrium path
(and thus, enables separation between the types). This result also illustrates the uniqueness of the signaling model presented
here. Unlike other signaling models, the suggested model does not require that the costs and benefits of the senders will
be correlated with their types to achieve separation. The model’s results have implications for various marketing communication
tools such as advertising and sales forces.
相似文献
Ron Shachar (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
This paper works towards a discursive, practice-based perspective on explaining the “knowledge-to-action” gap observed in
the consumer policy literature on sustainable consumption. Based on an empirical study that focuses on fashion and clothing
markets, the objective is to elaborate on the nature and implications of the discursive polyphony that consumers face when
striving for more sustainable consumption practices. Overall, it is concluded that part of the gap can be attributed to the
discursive confusion that arises from a simultaneous existence of multiple, continuously changing and partly clashing discourses of sustainable
consumption as well as the associated discursive struggle that consumers need to deal with when trying to make sense of their
roles and responsibilities in sustainable development. 相似文献
18.
Martina Schäfer Melanie Jaeger-Erben Aguinaldo dos Santos 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2011,34(1):175-196
In current political and scientific debates on sustainable consumption, the low- and middle-income classes of emerging countries
are gaining attention. One common feature of such debates is the idea that these emerging consumer classes could be motivated
to “leapfrog” directly to environmentally and socially aware consumption patterns and, thereby, avoid adopting the resource-intensive
consumption styles of populations in industrialized countries. To be able to adapt sustainable product development or sustainable
communication strategies to the needs of low- and medium-income classes, it is necessary to know more about the basic consumption
orientations, current consumption habits, and future consumption aspirations of these societal groups. In order to contribute
towards filling that knowledge gap, an exploratory survey was conducted, taking the example of emerging low- and middle-income
classes in a Southern Brazilian city. The survey identified five different consumer types: the Home-Centered Traditionals, the Indifferent, the Up-to-date Privileged, the Wanna-be Materialists, and the Quality of Life-Oriented Postmaterialists. The paper outlines some ideas concerning how these types can be addressed with target-group-specific products and services
as well as differentiated sustainability communication strategies. We conclude, however, that “leapfrogging” of Brazilian
low- and middle-income classes towards sustainable consumption is not a very likely option. There are certain consumption
orientations that sustainability strategies can link to, but these trends are not likely to compensate the general tendencies
towards a resource-intensive lifestyle following the model of the industrialized countries. 相似文献
19.
There is much still to learn about the nature of fair trade consumers. In light of the Pope’s encyclical Caritas in Veritate, this article sought to advance the current understanding by investigating the role of religion in fair trade consumption.
In this study, fair trade consumers and non-consumers across many religions as well as the non-religious described their consumption
of fair trade products as well as the use of their religious beliefs in their purchase behavior. It appears that the non-religious
are slightly more inclined toward buying fair trade products. Of the religious observers studied, Buddhists have a greater
propensity to buy fair trade. The relationship between religion and fair trade consumption is complex in that religious affiliation
– group membership – alone is not enough to encourage members to buy fair trade; rather, it is the use of religious beliefs
as a criterion in consumption behavior that linked religion to fair trade consumption. 相似文献
20.
Moral and financial scandals emerging in recent years around the world have created the momentum for reconsidering the role
of virtuousness in organizational settings. This empirical study seeks to contribute toward maintaining this momentum. We
answer to researchers’ suggestions that the exploratory study carried out by Cameron et al. (Am Behav Sci 47(6):766–790, 2004), which related organizational virtuousness (OV) and performance, must be pursued employing their measure of OV in other
contexts and in relation to other outcomes (Wright and Goodstein, J Manage 33(6):928–958, 2007). Two hundred and sixteen employees reported their perceptions of OV and their affective well-being (AWB) at work (one of
the main indicators of employees’ happiness), their supervisors reporting their organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB).
The main finding is that the perceptions of OV predict some OCB both directly and through the mediating role of AWB. The evidence
suggests that OV is worthy of a higher status in the business and organizational psychology literatures. 相似文献