中央银行沟通对金融资产价格的影响——以股票市场为例

本文运用经典的宏观经济模型,发现中央银行沟通可以降低股票价格的波动,有利于金融资产价格的稳定.本文利用2003年1月至2012年12月的月度数据,运用SVAR模型研究中央银行沟通对股票市场的影响,以此判断中央银行沟通能否有利于金融资产价格的稳定.研究结果表明:中央银行沟通对股票市场产生一定的影响,但是效果并不明显.相对书面沟通,口头沟通对股票市场产生的影响效应更大一些.实际干预变量对股票市场的影响有限.为了能够更好地发挥中央银行沟通在货币政策操作中的作用,本文建议从提高中央银行沟通信息的准确性、提高货币政策决策的透明度和提高公众的金融素养等方面加强中央银行沟通行为.     

抵债式股份回购的特点及其法律障碍

抵债式股份回购，是公司回购欠债股东的股份以抵偿其债务；绿色邮件是指公司对购买本公司大宗股份并威胁要敌意收购的人，以高于市场价格购买其股份的行为。发端于中国证券市场的抵债式定向股份回购，与绿色邮件至少在回购的原因、股份、价格、出卖人、性质和后果等方面不同。抵债式回购存在回购合同无效、批准程序、债权人保护和企业所得税等重大法律障碍。     

内部控制与内部人亲属卖出股票交易行为的市场反应--来自深市上市公司的经验证据

本文运用事件研究法分析了市场能否对内部人亲属卖出股票交易行为做出显著的反应,并探求内部控制在其中的影响。研究发现：内部人亲属在卖出股票交易中表现出了准确的市场择机能力,市场对此有着显著的负面反应;与内部控制质量高的上市公司相比,内部控制质量低的上市公司的内部人亲属能够更为成功地选择在股价大幅度上升的恰当时点卖出股票,市场对此的反应也更加强烈。     

Adaptive Market Hypothesis: Evidence from the Ghanaian Stock Market

This study examines the return predictability of two indices – the GSEALSH index and the GSEFSII index on the Ghana stock market. We compare results from analyzing the return series between January 4, 2011 and August 28, 2015 using the generalized spectral test, the automatic portmanteau Box-Pierce test and the wild-bootstrapped automatic variance ratio test. A rolling window approach is used to track whether returns are predictable or not through time. It was observed that the GSEALSH index was more highly predictable than the GSEFSII index in all the three tests. The results obtained are consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.     

Defining Corporate Citizenship: Evidence from Australia

This study reports the results of a survey of the attitudes to corporate citizenship and practices of corporate citizenship of 93 of the largest private and publicly listed corporations in Australia. The results suggest there was considerable hesitation in positioning corporate citizenship as a proactive, long term, internal culture process. Instead, corporate emphasis was generally on short-term community activities. Also, there was little variation in these results when respondents were classified by industry, international involvement and legal structure. Clearly, significant links have yet to be made by corporate Australia to connect the financial, social and environmental bottom lines.     

Market knowledge: Evidence from importers

Previous firm‐level literature established that there are substantial costs of entry into new export markets. Chaney (The American Economic Review, 104, 2014, 3600) opens the black‐box of entry costs by building a dynamic network model of international trade where firms acquire customers in new destinations through their existing customers in other destinations. Following his conjecture, this paper examines whether firms use their existing suppliers in a destination to find their first clients in those markets. I use a disaggregated data set on Turkish firms' exports and imports for the 2003–08 period, and investigate the effect of import experience on export entry. By identifying import experience using instrumental variables, and shutting down productivity channels with firm‐year fixed effects, I find that having a supplier in the destination country raises the probability of starting to export to that country by 5.5 percentage points on average, revealing a “market knowledge” phenomenon. The paper's main contribution to the literature is finding that firms' country‐specific import experience increases the likelihood of export‐market entry. Digging further to explore heterogeneous effects, I find that this effect does not exist when trading with low‐income countries, but it increases with the destination country's size, proximity, language similarity and the size of its Turkish immigrant community. Moreover, the strength of the firm's relationship with its supplier as proxied by several variables such as the share of imported products that are differentiated increases the probability of export‐market entry.     

江苏租赁回购动因及市场效应研究

股票回购是上市公司管理市值与资本结构的重要手段.我国的股票回购市场相较于发达国家发展较晚,制度规范与实践经验较为不足,股票回购的案例研究相对较少.本文以江苏为例,对租赁回购的动因进行剖析,并基于事件研究法对回购的市场效应进行分析.结果表明江苏租赁的回购行为短期内对市场效应产生了一定的正面影响.本研究可以为相关公司和部门...     

制度环境、信息披露质量与银行债务融资约束——来自深市A股上市公司的经验证据

高质量的信息披露能够有效降低银行的信贷风险,缓解公司所面临的债务融资约束。本文具体考察了不同制度环境下信息披露水平对企业债务融资的影响,研究发现,提高信息披露水平能显著降低企业的银行债务融资约束,信息披露质量高的公司更容易获得银行借款。进一步研究发现,这一作用还受到企业所有权性质和制度环境因素的影响:相对国有企业而言,信息披露质量对非国有企业新增银行借款的影响更显著;在市场化水平越高、政府干预程度越低、法治环境越好的地区,信息披露质量对新增银行借款的影响越显著。     

Market Share Overestimation and the Noncomplementarity Effect

Recent research indicates that people tend to overestimate the likelihood of an alternative, particularly when an alternative is considered in isolation rather than as part of a set of alternatives. The present experiment shows that subjective market share overestimation and noncomplementary market share estimates are more likely to be observed for individuals who are high (vs. low) in concern about cognitive closure or when a small (vs. large) set of alternatives is considered. Implications of the results for understanding managerial decision making are discussed.     

税收分享、征税努力与地方公共支出行为——基于全国县级面板数据的研究

本文将政府间基于共同税基的税收分享定义为共享税收分享,把按地方所产生税收在政府间的事实归宿定义为实际税收分享.基于全国县级面板数据,我们实证分析了两类税收分享对地方支出行为的效应及作用机制.研究发现,不同性质税收分享对地方支出规模效应不同:共享税收分享具有激励效应,其每提高1％,地方支出规模增加0.08％;实际税收分享有抑制效应,其每增加1％,支出规模降低0.112％.共享税收分享对生产性和福利性支出分别存在显著正向和负向效应,而实际税收分享的效应恰恰相反.此外,共享和实际税收分享对地方支出结构的效应也显著不同.地方征税努力是税收分享对支出行为作用的一个传导途径:税收分享通过征税努力产生间接收入效应,并与税收分享的直接收入效应综合影响地方收入,从而影响支出规模并促使地方调整支出决策.     

Consumer Response to Package Downsizing: Evidence from the Chicago Ice Cream Market

It is common among producers of consumer packaged goods to reduce the volume of product per package such that the new size replaces the old one. This tactic is commonly referred to as package downsizing. In this article, we investigate the extent to which consumers have different sensitivities to package price and package size in order to shed light on the managerial implications of package downsizing. To do so, we estimate a random utility model of demand to measure consumer response to price and package size using household scanner panel data on bulk ice cream purchases in Chicago. The estimation framework involves modeling household heterogeneity, addressing price endogeneity and accounting for unbalanced choice alternatives. Our main finding is that consumers are less responsive to package size than to price; the demand elasticity with respect to package size is approximately one-fourth the magnitude of the demand elasticity with respect to price. This result implies that marketing managers can use downsizing as a hidden price increase in order to pass through increases in production costs, that is, cost of raw materials, and maintain, or increase, their profits.     

Corporate Name Change and the Market Valuation of Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Market

Investors’ responses to a firm’s name change and the determinants of their response are scantly explored areas in the field of behavioral finance. Based on a sample of 415 Indian firms from 2005 to 2014, this study suggests that investors respond positively to the announcement of firm name changes. Furthermore, the study indicates that when firms do not indicate geographical specificity in the name and have a specific rather than generic name, then the firm will experience greater abnormal returns. Also, when firm names are fluent and are associated with the owner’s family name, again, abnormal returns generated are positive. Nevertheless, as a firm ages and investors gain more information about it, then abnormal returns due to name change decrease.     

Price and its Relation to Objective and Subjective Product Quality: Evidence from the Austrian Market

The correlation between price and product quality is usually found to be low, but still, consumers use a rule of thumb that higher prices indicate higher quality. In the present study, data from the Austrian consumer magazine Konsument from 2004 to 2007 were analysed, and price–quality correlations were computed. Results confirm former studies as the overall price–quality relation was positive and statistically significant but small (r = .30). It was especially small in the food and beverages sector as well as for cosmetics and for inexpensive products generally. Consumers' subjective beliefs about a price–quality link and product complexity were also analysed. Results show that consumers believe that a high price signals high quality, but that these beliefs are not well calibrated, i.e., not corresponding to the product categories where actually higher price–quality correlations can be found. In sum, the results confirm for the Austrian market that price is a poor signal of quality, and that consumers are hardly aware of the particular product sectors where this signal is more valid.     

Family-centred non-economic goals and the internationalisation of family firms: Evidence from Australia

Despite the growing body of literature on the internationalisation of family firms, further research is required to understand the underlying factors that influence their international behaviour. Past research has consistently shown that family firms are less likely to adopt an internationalisation strategy compared to their non-family counterparts, yet we still have limited understanding of the underlying reasons why this is so. By incorporating the bifurcation bias concept to the socioemotional wealth perspective of family firm behaviour, we argue that greater attention needs to be given to the influence of family-centred non-economic (FCNE) goals on the family firm’s international behaviour. Using survey data collected on over 300 Australian family firms, regression analysis was used to examine the influence of FCNE goals on the family firm’s extent of international involvement. The results suggest that business families which emphasise FCNE goals are more likely to exhibit a lower attitudinal commitment towards international expansion, which in turn determines the level of international involvement of the family firm. Results also suggest that the extent of international involvement of the family firm has a significant negative effect on the level of achievement of FCNE goals.     

Market Discipline and Deposit Guarantee: Evidence from Australian Banks

This study examines depositor market discipline of Australian banks and its interaction with the 2008 deposit and wholesale funding guarantee. Prior to 2008 market discipline is found for Australian‐incorporated banks. Depositors did not distinguish between major and small banks, but some differences in the degree of market discipline were found for foreign bank subsidiaries. Following the introduction of the 2008 guarantees, market discipline was reduced except for nonhousehold depositors at banks that did not access the wholesale guarantee. Market discipline is also evidenced at foreign bank branches, but weaker for those accessing the wholesale guarantee.     

Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from India

In this article, the authors probe the role of irrational investor sentiment in the determination of Indian stock market volatility. The authors developed a new irrational aggregate sentiment index (IASI) to examine the issue. The conditional volatility is extracted from the nonlinear univariate models for the market indices and the IASI. The vector autoregression (VAR) is carried out to analyze the relationship between the volatility of irrational aggregate sentiment index and stock market volatility. The authors find a unidirectional causality from sentiment to stock market volatility, and their findings highlight the significance of sentiment in explaining the stock market volatility in India.     

Call Auction Transparency and Market Liquidity: Evidence from China

This paper uses the natural experiment offered by the Shanghai Stock Exchange to investigate the impact of opening call auction transparency on market liquidity. We find that the dissemination of indicative trade information during the pre‐open call auction session leads to an overall improvement in stock liquidity in the continuous trading session. Bid‐ask spreads narrow in the first trading hour because adverse selection risk fell significantly and there is less price volatility in the continuous market. This effect is greater for actively traded securities than illiquid securities. Our findings are robust for different lengths of sample period, different lengths of trading hours after market open, and stocks that had (and had not) reformed the share split structure during our research period.     

Market integration in developed and emerging markets: Evidence from the CAPM

Beta, as measured by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), is widely used for pricing stocks, determining the cost of capital, and gauging the extent to which markets are integrated. The CAPM model assumes that equilibrium conditions prevail. The choice of which market portfolio to use in the regression – the home country or global index – depends on the level of global market integration. We present several new empirical observations on the pricing of stocks and market integration. We provide guidance on how practitioners should calculate beta on securities in various developed and emerging markets.     

Market Preemption and Entry Deterrence: Evidence from the Golf Course Industry

The population in a given geographical area has to be large enough before the area can support the entry of a golf course. The required amount of population will be higher if costs are higher, or if the underlying demand to golf by residents is lower, or if there is more preexisting competition from incumbent golf courses. If incumbent golf courses undertake entry‐deterring strategies, either explicitly or implicitly, the required population will be higher still. If population is expected to grow quickly, then the amount of population required by the entry date could be lower. These effects are measured and analyzed in this empirical study of the entry of 104 golf courses in the greater San Francisco Bay Area between 1893 and 2001.     

The information content of implied volatility: Evidence from Australia

This study develops an implied volatility index for the Australian stock market, termed as the AVX, and assesses its information content. The AVX is constructed using S&P/ASX 200 index options with a constant time‐to‐maturity of three months. It is observed that the AVX has a significant negative and asymmetric relationship with S&P/ASX 200 returns. When evaluating the forecasting power of the AVX for future stock market volatility, it is found that the AVX contains important information both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. In‐sample, the AVX significantly improves the fit of a GJR‐GARCH(1, 1) model. Out‐of‐sample, the AVX significantly outperforms the RiskMetrics approach and the GJR‐GARCH(1, 1) model, with its highest forecasting power at the one‐month forecasting horizon. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:134–155, 2010