农业民俗中面临的旅游开发问题

农业民俗是劳动人民智慧的结晶。北京的农业民俗产业蒸蒸日上,如何将农业民俗和旅游开发很好地结合起来？如何将农业民俗作为一种珍贵的旅游文化资源很好地保护、开发和利用？如何将农业民俗作为一种精神旅游资源代代相传、发扬光大？本文结合国内外对于农业民俗旅游资源的开发及笔者在北京平谷区熊尔寨乡的实地民俗旅游田野调查研究结果进行探讨,并对北京农业民俗的旅游开发问题做出展望。     

我国农村地区民俗旅游经济开发研究

我国农村地区拥有丰富的民俗旅游资源,作为人类文化旅游资源的重要组成部分,农村地区民俗旅游资源因其独特的民族风情和厚重的文化底蕴吸引了众多游客,同时也带动了我国农村地区民俗旅游经济的开发。当前农村地区民俗旅游已经成为推动农村经济社会发展的重要动力,但部分农村地区民俗旅游经济开发面临不充分、不平衡和不合理的问题。为此,需进一步明确民俗旅游开发的目标,挖掘民俗文化内涵,形成优势特色,进而推进民俗旅游的健康持续发展。     

“互联网+”下农村民俗旅游产品的开发与营销研究

随着中国线上经济的快速发展,"互联网+"模式逐渐在我国各个行业得到了大力普及和广泛应用。在此背景下,农村民俗旅游产品的开发和营销方式也趋于多元化。本文根据调查研究,对"互联网+"下农村民俗旅游产品开发及营销创新展开具体分析,对于推动我国民俗旅游业的可持续发展,提供了一定的理论参考。     

京郊8000农户办旅游

乡村生活、田园风光吸引了大批城里人往乡下跑,使得京郊的民俗旅游不断升温。目前京郊已有民俗旅游专业户8000多户,年接待游客470万人次,户均收入1.1万元。     

黑龙江省红色边疆农场民俗旅游资源开发对策研究

红色边疆农场民族风情独特,民俗旅游资源丰富,发展民俗旅游具有广阔的市场前景。经调研,本文分析了农场民俗旅游资源、开发现状及问题,提出了民俗旅游资源的开发策略,为农场旅游开发提供参考借鉴。     

我国农村地区民俗旅游经济开发研究

我国有着辽阔的地域、56个民族,源远流长的民俗文化得以世代传承,形成了别具特色的旅游地。随着旅游业越来越受到人们喜爱和追求,我国需要运用丰富的民俗文化资源,结合当地自然生态资源,做好系统的布置和规划,形成具有中国特色的民俗旅游经济。但结合实际情况来讲,我国农村地区民俗旅游经济开发起步较晚,所以在开发中还存在很多不足,因此本文对此进行了深入研究。     

北京观光农业收入逾30亿

吃农家饭、住农家院、享农家乐，美丽的田园风光吸引大批城里人往乡下跑。北京市农委日前公布，北京市观光农业观光园区2000多个，220多个民俗旅游村，2万多民俗旅游户，从事民俗旅游和观光农业的农民近10万人。去年，郊区观光农业收入超过30亿元。     

江苏民俗类农业文化遗产的现状调查与保护对策研究

江苏民俗类农业遗产资源丰富,主要集中在生产民俗、生活民俗与民间观念。从整体特色上看,江苏民俗类农业遗产具有丰厚的地域历史内涵与地域文化特色,它是非物质文化遗产的富矿,反映了江苏和全国其他地区的文化关联性,是江苏文化具有多重文化交汇、多元共生的重要见证。从保护对策上,应该在尊重与了解的基础上,重视江苏民俗类农业遗产的全面传承与发展;重视文化重构,强化其文化内生力;文化产业介入与公共文化建设双管齐下,做好保护与开发的双重工作。     

论我国民俗旅游资源开发

民俗旅游是高层次的文化旅游,目前已成为我国最具吸引力的旅游项目之一。本文对国内民俗旅游现状进行分析,同时针对民俗旅游资源开发中存在的问题,提出民俗旅游发展策略。     

济宁市民俗旅游资源开发探讨

民俗旅游资源是作为旅游业发展最具吸引力的民俗旅游的基础,受到国际和国内学术界的高度重视;济宁市拥有很丰富的,独具魅力的民俗文化旅游资源;从该市独特的民俗旅游资源出发,指出该类旅游资源开发的注意事项,总结谊市民俗旅游开发的现状和其中存在的问题,并提出开发的方向和建议.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.