云南与东南亚南亚开展技术转移对策研究

技术转移是促进技术进步、加快产业发展的重要手段.文章分析了云南省与东南亚、南亚开展技术转移的优势和条件,提出了开展技术转移的总体思路与策略.在此基础上,从加强宏观管理与设计、完善技术转移服务体系以及优化技术转移环境等方面提出了相应的对策措施.     

Optimum currency area in South Asia: A state space approach

This paper is an empirical investigation of the feasibility of an optimum currency area (OCA) in South Asia. Countries are good candidates for forming an OCA if their economies are similarly structured and if their economies share similar responses to exogenous shocks. That is, among other characteristics, good candidates for forming an OCA will share a coincident pattern of economic booms and recessions. We use a state space time series model with a stochastic trend to explore the extent to which the Indices of Industrial Production for South Asian nations share common dynamic responses to exogenous shocks.     

Agricultural intensification, irrigation and the environment in South Asia: Issues and policy options

High population pressure and the rapid pace of human activity including urbanization, industrialization and other economic activities have led to a dwindling supply of arable land per capita and a process of agricultural intensification in South Asia. While this process has significantly increased food production to feed the growing population, it has also entailed considerable damage to the physical environment, including degradation and depletion of natural resources and unsustainable use of land and water resources. This paper employs the analytical tools of economic theory, environmental and ecological economics to model the impact of irrigation in South Asia. It underscores the need for an eclectic approach to policy responses stemming from private and common property rights theories, externality theory and sustainability theory with a view to environmentalizing agricultural development.     

Remittances and Households in the Age of Neoliberal Uncertainty

International migration and remittance flows have been reframed as catalysts for poverty reduction and development through marketization. Growth, measurement, and promotion of global remittances have emerged against the backdrop of neoliberal structural adjustment programs and financialization. Those processes have paralleled the emergence of the transnational household as a global institution. The article suggests that transnational households characterize a new stage of neoliberal capitalist development. The article revisits Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation and discusses how active governance and neoliberal discourse regulate and frame labor and remittances as “fictitious commodities.” Further, it is argued that transnational households take active roles in Polanyi’s “double movement,” by providing social protection amidst narrow public responsibility for provisioning. The article identifies this as a new element of “the great transformation,” and referring to J. K. Galbraith, as a new age of neoliberal uncertainty.     

Regional Currencies Versus Dollarization: Options for Asia and the Americas

This paper undertakes an empirical assessment of Dollarization versus regional currency union as options for the economies of East Asia, South America and Central America. We use summary indicators of bilateral integration to examine the determinants of real exchange rate volatility within each region and between each region and the United States. While Europe is characterized by a high degree of regional integration, there is evidence of increasing integration in East Asia and persistently low integration in the Americas, especially as compared to the levels of bilateral integration vis-à-vis the United States. Our estimates confirm the patterns of regional integration above and reveal substantial regional differences as to the determinants of real exchange rate volatility.     

东(南)亚地区华人资本在华外商直接投资现状及趋势分析

海外华人资本是世界经济的重要组成部分.近年来,随着经济全球化和中国对外开放的深入发展,海外华人资本,特别是东(南)亚地区华人资本纷纷涌向中国大陆进行投资,构成了中国大陆实际利用外商直接投资的主体,并对中国大陆经济发展起到了巨大的推动作用.东(南)亚华人资本在中国大陆直接投资的阶段及特征,有其独特性.     

Enabling sustainability transitions in Asia: The importance of vertical and horizontal linkages

The phrase “sustainable development” appears increasingly in national policies in Asian countries and there are many successful ‘sustainability experiments’ documented at local level throughout the region. We explore why, despite the efforts made at the national level and the good practices at local level, underlying trends are away from sustainability. Drawing on the multi-level perspective on system innovation, we argue that linkages between different levels in socio-technical systems are critical to explaining the emergence of sustainable development pathways. The absence of these linkages in many Asian contexts is an important factor obstructing sustainability transitions in Asia. We argue that while the importance of vertical linkages is recognized and theorized in the multi-level perspective, the horizontal and the temporal dimensions are under-explored. We develop a set of propositions for exploring linkages in socio-technical systems, supporting these with empirical examples from the region.     

Gender and forest conservation: The impact of women's participation in community forest governance

Would enhancing women's presence in community institutions of forest governance improve resource conservation and regeneration? This paper focuses on this little addressed question. Based on the author's primary data on communities managing their local forests in parts of India and Nepal, it statistically assesses whether the gender composition of a local forest management group affects forest conservation outcomes, after controlling for other characteristics of the management group, aspects of institutional functioning, forest and population characteristics, and related factors. It is found that groups with a high proportion of women in their executive committee (EC)—the principal decision-making body—show significantly greater improvements in forest condition in both regions. Moreover, groups with all-women ECs in the Nepal sample have better forest regeneration and canopy growth than other groups, despite receiving much smaller and more degraded forests. Older EC members, especially older women, also make a particular difference, as does employing a guard. The beneficial impact of women's presence on conservation outcomes is attributable especially to women's contributions to improved forest protection and rule compliance. More opportunity for women to use their knowledge of plant species and methods of product extraction, as well as greater cooperation among women, are also likely contributory factors.     

东亚新兴债券市场发展比较

积极发展和培育债券市场乃是金融危机后东亚新兴市场经济体调整金融结构的重中之重。本文就东亚新兴债券市场的市场规模、债券期限结构、二级市场流动性、债券投资者基础以及债券市场的基础设施建设等进行了比较。虽然都属于新兴债券市场,但所处的发展水平并不是整齐划一的。     

韩国自主创新体系的构建策略研究

从上世纪60年代开始到现在,韩国经历了从人均国民生产总值不到100美元到现在1．5万美元的高速发展,其中一个重要原因就是重视科技和自主创新。韩国自主创新体系的构建经历了引进一吸收一自主创新三个阶段,每个阶段都有不同的战略和政策,这对我国现阶段构建创新型国家战略有很强的借鉴意义。在当前形势下,我国要提高国际竞争力,必须把自主创新作为发展的重点,建立有利于自主创新的制度,建立好以企业为核心,管产学研相结合的创新体系,加大科研投入,营造良好的自主创新氛围,提高国家的自主创新能力。     

The quality and quantity of bank intermediation and economic growth: evidence from Asia Pacific

We investigate the impact of the quantity and quality of bank intermediation on economic growth across 14 Asia-Pacific economies over 2003–2015. Measures of bank shareholder value efficiency as well as profit and cost efficiency are used as indicators of intermediation quality. We also employ measures of liquidity creation (fat and nonfat) as a proxy for the quantity of bank intermediation. Our main finding is that the quality of bank intermediation (enhanced credit allocation) is a driver of economic growth in developed Asia-Pacific economies, whereas it is the quantity of bank intermediation (capital accumulation) that positively influences growth in developing nations. From a policy perspective, our findings suggest that policymakers in developed nations should concentrate their efforts on reforms that enhance bank efficiency. Second, reforms that stimulate capital accumulation should be encouraged in developing economies because this is the main channel that spurs economic growth.     

Environmental rationalities and the development state in East Asia: Prospects for a sustainability transition

This paper reviews what is known about recent trends in environmental governance among the newly industrializing countries of East Asia and the implications of these developments for a sustainability transition within the region. The conceptual starting point for the review is research that examines sustainability transitions within the framework of a multi-level perspective on system innovation. One of the challenges presented by this framework is that of understanding how existing political economies and governance structures promote stability or change in socio-technical regimes. By socio-technical regimes we mean the predominant organizational, social and technological configurations through which societal needs are constituted and met. In the case of the rapidly industrializing and urbanizing economies of East Asia, the trajectory of socio-technical regimes will have profound consequences for local, regional and global environments. Our review of trends in environmental governance as they relate to socio-technical regimes within the region traces a pattern of initial efforts to strengthen environmental regulatory regimes very much along the lines of the policy models of OECD economies. The degree to which these initial efforts have taken root varies from country to country in the region. What is beginning to emerge in several countries within the region, however, are a variety of policy and institutional innovations that hold promise for opening up spaces for change in socio-technical regimes, and for creating opportunities for new pathways of industrialization and urbanization to take hold that are less pollution, materials and energy-intensive.     

韩国电子商务的发展研究

本文以U-Trade Hub系统为中心,对韩国电子商务的发展历程及现状、取得的成果进行叙述,分析韩国电子商务所面对的各种课题,并针对韩国电子商务国际化提出相应的推广方案。     

The interpretive flexibility of oil and gas pipelines: Case studies from Southeast Asia and the Caspian Sea

Based on research interviews and field research, this article explores the “interpretive flexibility” of two large pipelines: the $4.6 billion Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline exporting petroleum from the Caspian Sea near Azerbaijan and then traversing parts of Georgia and Turkey; and parts of the $14.2 billion Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP) Network connecting the gas reserves of Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand with each other and Singapore. Each pipeline is the product of differing interpretations and ideologies, meaning they have “interpretive flexibility” because their meaning is under constant interpretation. The article depicts four differing interpretive frames for each pipeline, revealing the views of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, government of Thailand, government of Myanmar, and state-owned energy Malaysian energy company Petronas for the TAGP, and the World Bank Group, British Petroleum, European Union, and the government of Azerbaijan for the BTC. The article finds that pipelines not only mark the physical landscape and distribute energy fuels, they also transfer what were once customary public resources into private hands, concentrate political power, facilitate human rights abuses and possible acts of genocide, become intertwined in national discourses of revitalization and strength, and validate distinct approaches to economic and social development.     

亚洲科技与21世纪的亚洲科技格局

本文分析了亚洲各国的科技现状 ,预测了 2 1世纪里日、中、印的科学技术在亚洲三足鼎立的前景 ,并对韩国、新加坡、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、巴基斯坦、以色列、土尔其、曾属于前苏联的中亚诸国等国的科技发展态势作了估计 ,讨论了这种新科技格局对亚洲的经济、政治、军事、文化等各方面的影响     

我国劳动力效率对东南亚经济发展影响的实证研究

构造了劳动力负荷相关因子模型,并通过相关数量分析研究,认为东亚经济的蓬勃发展归功于劳动力的释放,然而老年负荷和儿童负荷的影响作用不一样。收入增加因素、劳动力供给因素、公共财政机制等多种因素使得东亚人口劳动力的负荷运转有所减缓;但以后的劳动力负荷是未知数,对未来的经济增长也会造成冲击。     

对外开放和经济波动的关联性检验——中国和东亚新兴市场国家的案例

本文运用研究非对称性冲击问题的实证方法考察和比较了东亚4国(韩国、印尼、泰国和中国)在经济开放过程中内外金融资源的相对价格——实际利差的变化及由此引起的宏观经济(产出、货币和银行信贷)的波动特征。这一研究的政策意义在于通过区分外部因素的基本面(mean)变化和突发性的波动(volatility)对本国经济所产生的不同性质的溢出效应(spillover),为政府制定不同的针对性措施提供理论根据。通过引入非对称“时变波动”(asymmetrictimevaryingvolatility)特征的二元EGARCHVAR实证模型,论文得到了三个主要结论第一,虽然为维持名义汇率的稳定,各国政府都积极地干预外汇市场,由此影响了当期内外利差的收敛,但包括中国在内的4个国家金融的实际开放程度都在不断加大。第二,除上世纪90年代国际资本移动的鼎盛阶段外,各国的经济波动并不是由外部冲击直接带来的,而是国内经济的不确定因素导致的。第三,比较各国经济波动特征,可以发现汇率制度、金融市场的开放程度以及资本市场的发展状况对经济波动有很大的影响。     

东亚区域经济合作新模式:中国-东盟自由贸易区

2001年11月在第五次东盟与中国领导人（10＋1）会议上，中国与东盟达成一致，确立了10年内建成中国－东盟自由贸易区的目标。这对双方关系的长远发展和东亚地区的繁荣稳定具有深远意义。它是中国继加入世界贸易组织后又一件对外经贸方面的重大事件。本就这一东亚区域合作的新模式产生的国际背景，以及实现目标所面临的困难进行分析。