Subjective well-being and the family: Results from an ordered probit model with multiple random effects

The previous literature on the determinants of individual well-being has failed to fully account for the interdependencies in well-being at the family level. This paper develops an ordered probit model with multiple random effects that allows to identify the intra-family correlation in well-being. The parameters of the model can be estimated with panel data using Maximum Marginal Likelihood. The approach is illustrated in an application using data for the period 1984–1997 from the German Socio-Economic Panel in which both inter-generational and intra-marriage correlations in well-being are estimated.First version received: May 2003/Final version received: August 2004I would like to thank Andrew Clark, Daniel S. Hamermesh, seminar participants at Tilburg University, and three anonymous referees for helpful comments.     

Innovation and ICT in service firms: towards a multidimensional approach for impact assessment

This article focuses on the multimodal character of innovation in services firms as the analytical framework by which to assess the role of different sources and agents, ICT in particular, in enabling various impacts of innovation. The peculiarities of service innovation require a wider approach than that observed for goods innovation, which is less focused on non-technological aspects. An ad hoc survey was carried out in the region of Madrid to test a microeconometric and multidimensional approach at the firm level. Specific impacts of innovation are examined by carrying out an ordered probit model with sample selection. Results indicate a certain correspondence between the multidimensional nature of service innovation and a preliminary impact assessment. The paper notes that ICT and clients–providers interactions are both important, acting to facilitate different types of service innovation.

Occupational choices of working children in Bangladesh

The article looks into the determinants of occupational choices of working children in Bangladesh. Using data from 6668 Bangladeshi working children aged 5 through 14, the article estimates several binary and multinomial logit regressions, separately for boys and girls. The article confirms that most children work in the informal sector where formal sector’s jurisdiction and regulations are absent. Specifically, the article finds that children are least likely to work in the service occupation and are more likely to work in the textile sector. The findings highlight the diversity in the occupational distribution of child workers by gender and show how their individual and family characteristics influence occupational choices. The service sector, which comprises of mostly maids, is a hidden sector. This sector makes children vulnerable to abuse. Thus, it is suggested that policy makers need to come up with effective legislations that would protect the children who work in the ‘hidden informal’ sector.     

How Much of the Gender Difference in Child School Enrolment Can Be Explained? Evidence from Rural India

There are significant gender differences in child schooling in the Indian states though very few studies explain this gender difference. Unlike most existing studies we take account of the implicit and explicit opportunity costs of schooling and use a bivariate probit model to jointly determine a child's participation in school and market jobs. Results obtained from the World Institute of Development Economics Research (WIDER) villages in West Bengal suggest that indicators of household resources, parental preferences, returns to and opportunity costs of domestic work significantly affect child school enrolment. While household resources have similar effects on enrolment of boys and girls, other arguments tend to explain a part of the observed gender difference. Even after taking account of all possible arguments, there remains a large variation in gender differences in child schooling that cannot be explained by differences in male and female characteristics in our sample.     

授权对隐性知识有效利用的价值分析

隐性知识在企业的知识创新、积累过程中发挥着重要的作用。由于隐性知识自身模糊性、难以转换性等特征的存在,如何有效利用企业中的隐性知识是当前理论界和实践界共同关注的话题。专家学者们都站在不同的角度对隐性知识的利用进行了研究。从授权的立场上揭示了授权对企业隐性知识有效利用的价值,即通过授权可以有效降低企业决策的时间成本和信息成本,而且通过这种方式可以激励企业的员工积极发挥自己的潜力,做出合理、高效的决策,最终实现企业目标。结合他人研究的成果,从成本和收益的角度对最优决策点进行了模型分析。     

My Choice: Women’s Contraceptive-Use Autonomy in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Using a nationally representative household survey for two cohorts of married women, this study examines women’s contraceptive-use autonomy (CUA) incidence and correlates in Bangladesh, focusing on the role of education. Previous research has examined the incidence and correlates of contraceptive use and of several dimensions of female autonomy but only rarely the intersection of the two – that is, CUA. This study finds that women from the younger cohort are far more likely to have complete autonomy over contraceptive use than women from the older cohort. Detailed decompositions reveal that the improvement in education across cohorts is the main correlate of the improved generational CUA gap. Health knowledge, especially knowledge that the use of condoms can help avoid contracting HIV/AIDS, is part of the transmission mechanism between women’s education and women’s CUA but also exerts an additional influence on CUA.     

基于因子分析的西部地区建筑业增长方式评价

采用2003年西部地区建筑业经济效益指标,根据因子分析法的基本原理,将建筑业生产要素划分为规模因子和效率因子,从而实现建筑业增长方式评价。最后以主因子的综合得分大小作为该地区建筑业综合实力的度量,得出了2003年西部地区各省份建筑业综合实力的排名。     

因子分析在辽宁省工业企业经济效益综合评价上的应用

因子分析是从多个变量指标中,选择出少数几个综合变量的一种降维统计方法.利用多元统计中的因子分析方法,应用SPSS统计分析软件,从多个与工业企业经济效益相关的指标中筛选了几个代表性的指标,对辽宁省内各城市工业企业经济效益进行综合分析、评价,并对因子的经济含义作了解释,最后运用因子得分法对各个城市的工业企业实力进行了排序.这样不仅了解各城市间企业在行业中的地位及薄弱环节,也为政府决策提供重要依据.     

A conjoint analysis of farmer preferences for community forestry contracts in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Indonesia

A wide range of policy instruments have been devised and applied to support the goals of sustainable forestry management. Community forestry programs can contain elements of several of those instruments. This paper considers the design of community forestry contracts in the Sumber Jaya area of Indonesia where community forestry contracts are agreements between the Forestry Department and community groups that provide group members with time-bound leasehold rights to protection forests, on the condition that farmers abide by specified land-use restrictions and pay any required fees. Farmers perceive that the contracts represent a bundle of restrictions and inducements, some of which are explicitly stated in the contract and others that are implied by the contract. Conjoint analysis was used to quantify farmers' tradeoffs among the explicit and implicit attributes of the contracts. The results of logit and ordered logit models show that farmers are most concerned about the length of the contract, and relatively unconcerned about requirements on tree density and species composition. An implicit attribute, greater access to forestry and agroforestry extension, emerges as an important implicit attribute. The results imply that farmers in this part of Indonesia would be willing to abide by fairly strict limitations on land use, provided that they can be assured of long-term rights to the planted trees.     

企业持续创新影响因素的因子分析

在动态复杂环境下。持续创新是企业健康发展的重要评价标准。本文通过对相关学者和企业管理人员进行开放式问卷调查,探索了企业持续创新的影响因素,并运用因子分析法探讨了持续创新的关键影响因素,以期为企业培育持续创新机制、增强和提升持续创新能力提供理论依据。     

上市公司综合评价中的因子简并法

通过实例介绍了一种指标简化的方法--因子简并法,并介绍了简并因子权重的确定及性质.对规模较大和指标数量较多的问题而言,即便经过因子分析之后,数据量仍然非常大,不利于进一步的处理和分析,而通过因子简并之后可以有效地降低数据处理和分析的工作量.     

中国经济增长质量问题的初步研究

经济发展包括数量增长和质量提高两个方面.今后我国经济发展的主要问题不是数量增长的快慢,而是经济增长质量的高低.本文运用因子分析方法,对1990年以来中国经济增长的质量进行了实证研究,认为最近几年中国经济增长的质量提高与数量扩张存在较为明显的不同步现象.最后对这种现象的原因做出了初步解释并提出了相应的政策建议.     

基于因子分析与聚类分析福建各县市经济发展研究

创建县域经济发展评价指标体系,以福建省67个县、县级市、市辖区作为样本,运用因子分析的统计方法进行实证分析,提出综合经济实力因子、社会保障实力因子、居民收入因子、农业发展实力因子与生活质量因子5个因子,同时基于因子得分矩阵对67个县、县级市、市辖区进行聚类分析。分析结果表明,反映经济发展整体水平、医疗卫生水平和工业生产规模的综合经济实力因子处于主导地位,同时,农业发展实力因子跟社会保障因子的作用也不能够忽视。研究县域经济利用因子分析与聚类分析的方法,所得到的结论客观可信,并且能够比较全面地反映影响县域经济发展的主要因素。