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1.
This study uses a comprehensive panel of tax returns to examine the financial reporting choices of medium-to-large private U.S. firms, a setting that controls over $9 trillion in capital, vastly outnumbers public U.S. firms across all industries, yet has no financial reporting mandates. We find that nearly two-thirds of these firms do not produce audited GAAP financial statements. Guided by an agency theory framework, we find that size, ownership dispersion, external debt, and trade credit are positively associated with the choice to produce audited GAAP financial statements, while asset tangibility, age, and internal debt are generally negatively related to this choice. Our findings reveal that (1) equity capital and trade credit exhibit significant explanatory power, suggesting that the primary focus in the literature on debt is too narrow; (2) firm youth, growth, and R&D are positively associated with audited GAAP reporting, reflecting important monitoring roles of financial reporting; and (3) many firms violate standard explanations for financial reporting choices and substantial unexplained heterogeneity in financial reporting remains. We conclude by identifying opportunities for future research. 相似文献
2.
Arung Gihna Mayapada;Pallab Kumar Biswas;Helen Roberts; 《Accounting & Finance》2024,64(3):2251-2278
This study examines the effect of changes to the 2015 UK charities accounting standards on financial reporting timeliness and audit fees. Utilising 62,785 observations (9351 charities) from 2010 to 2017, we report a significant decrease in financial reporting timeliness following the new accounting standards regime. The decrease is more pronounced in charities with audited financial statements because of their lengthier audit report lag. Audit fees are also substantially higher following the new accounting standards implementation. Sensitivity tests reveal charities are more likely to have an unusual reporting lag following the introduction of the new accounting standards. 相似文献
3.
Philip Beaulieu Louise Hayes Lev M. Timoshenko 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2023,50(3-4):622-659
Evidence from prior research is mixed about whether accounting estimate changes are strategically motivated, on average, or whether they reflect new or updated information. To interpret this difference, we investigate, by category of material changes in accounting estimates, the association between estimate changes and subsequent restatements. We also explore the determinants of both income-increasing and income-decreasing estimate changes for different categories of estimate changes. We find that the motivations for and the determinants of estimate changes depend on the type of change and on whether the changes in estimates are income-increasing or income-decreasing. Overall, we conclude that when companies are motivated to bias earnings and they cannot do so by manipulating other within generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) accruals, they sometimes resort to using estimate changes. Our more detailed investigation of estimate changes at the account level suggests a more nuanced view of the determinants of changes in accounting estimates. We develop a more complete model of the determinants of changes in accounting estimates than those used in this emerging literature, which should be of interest to accounting academics, regulators, audit practitioners and audit committee members. 相似文献
4.
Pietro Bonetti Michel L. Magnan Antonio Parbonetti 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2016,43(9-10):1059-1094
This paper examines how firm‐level governance and country‐level governance interplay in shaping financial reporting quality. Using IFRS adoption as a source of variation in firms’ reporting discretion, and a large sample of European firms that mandatorily switch to the new set of standards, we find that in countries with low enforcement and weak oversight over financial reporting, only firms with strong board‐level corporate governance mechanisms experience an increase in financial reporting quality, consistent with firm‐ and country‐level governance mechanisms being substitutes. However, in countries with high enforcement and strict oversight over financial reporting, firms with either strong or weak board‐level governance mechanisms experience an increase in financial reporting quality, even if the increase is larger for the former group. Overall, our findings indicate that in the debate about the effects of governance on the quality of financial reporting, it is important to consider both country‐ and firm‐level corporate governance mechanisms. 相似文献
5.
Financial reporting scandals in the 21st century have been followed by many changes in the regulatory framework of financial reporting. While it is natural to ask for research evidence on the effectiveness of these changes in preventing new scandals, we discuss some of the difficulties in conducting this type of research as well as limitations of commonly used approaches. We argue as the central point of this paper that both research and regulation should be based on an explicit acceptance of a permanent risk of financial reporting failure, rather than working on the assumption that this risk can and should be ever further reduced. Acceptance of this point of view can turn what is currently a scattering of unconnected research efforts into a coherent research agenda with potentially high relevance. Facing the existence of permanent financial reporting risk leads to a series of interconnected questions including the measurement of this risk, both actual and as perceived by various stakeholder groups, communication and education concerning these risks, and mechanisms to share or transfer these risks. 相似文献
6.
Joseph Johnston Ronald P. Guidry Madeline Trimble 《Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance》2021,32(2):7-21
We examine the temporal change in the value relevance of analysts' forecasts relative to accounting information over a 42-year period. The temporal change in value relevance is measured using the explained variation (R2) from the cross-sectional regressions of security prices and returns on accounting metrics, specifically earnings and book value, alone and jointly with other information proxied by analysts' forecasts using a sample of 102,875 U.S. firm-year observations. Prior research suggests that the value relevance of accounting information has declined over time. If investors are relying on metrics other than financial metrics, we would expect the reliance on analysts' forecasts to increase. Interestingly, the joint relevance of accounting and analysts' forecasts also declines over our sample period and the incremental relevance of analysts' forecasts remains constant over our sample period, suggesting that investors are not substituting analysts' forecasts for accounting information. 相似文献
7.
George Gibbs 《Accounting & Business Research》2013,43(1):39-43
This study provides a critical examination of contemporary financial and external reporting research from a corporate governance perspective. Adopting Hines' social constructionist approach to financial reporting, the study investigates research into accounting publishing patterns, published reviews of major subject areas within financial and external reporting research, and interviews a sample of accounting professors in British universities. The findings reveal a strong North American economics and finance-based positivist influence, a largely uncritical acceptance of accounting's subservience to the demands of the market, a reluctance to engage major policy questions and broader reporting constituencies. These appear to be conditioned to a large degree by internal features and pressures within the academic research community. Evidence is presented for greater attention to major environmental shifts impacting accounting and communities globally, a reinvigoration of researchers' direct engagement with reporting constituents in the field, a revisiting of major accounting, business, social and environmental policy questions, and a preparedness to address today's major corporate governance concerns of communities and governments. 相似文献
8.
我国注册会计师行业监管效率研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于2002年11月财政部发布的19号文,财政部收回了原委托中国注册会计师协会代为行使的行政监管权,从而我国开始实施财政部门行政监管与注册会计师协会行业自律监管并重的注册会计师行业监管体制。此举引起社会各界人士的质疑,这次权力的交接是否会导致监管效率的变化?本文对19号文前后共五年的数据进行研究。研究结果表明,财政部收回行政监管权后,新的监管体制使审计质量比之前有显著的提升,且主要对非四大会计师事务所而言有显著的影响,对四大会计师事务所影响则不显著。 相似文献
9.
本文收集了我国自证券市场成立以来至2004年末的104个财务报告欺诈样本，并进行了统计分析。统计结果显示：农、林、牧、渔业和综合类是财务报告欺诈的两个高发行业；多元化经营更可能导致欺诈的发生；两个欺诈高发行业样本公司采用的欺诈方法明显有别于其他行业，更可能进行资产高估欺诈。本文最后根据研究结论向注册会计师提出了财务报告欺诈审计的几点具体建议。 相似文献
10.
Christopher Nobes 《Accounting & Business Research》2020,50(7):693-701
This paper celebrates the contribution of this journal, over its first 50 years, to research on international financial reporting, defined as comprising writings on comparative or harmonisation topics. The paper examines the journal’s output in that field and how it contributed to the field’s development. Even though the journal was sympathetic to international financial reporting, less than 1% of output in its first decade (the 1970s) related to it. In its first 35 years, a large proportion of the journal’s limited output in the field was produced by two small groups of researchers. However, during its fourth decade, the field gradually became dominant as the accounting world changed. By then, the journal had already published the seminal papers on several central topics in international financial reporting, including measuring harmonisation, using reconciliations to measure international accounting differences, assessing international differences in the influence of tax on financial reporting, and measuring international difference in the application of international standards. These topics were later taken up by many researchers in several other journals. 相似文献
11.
新会计准则实施后上市公司财务监管研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在“十一五”规划的开局之年，新企业会计准则体系正式颁布。新会计准则的实施将有力地规范会计工作秩序和会计行为，提高我国会计信息质量，满足投资者、债权人、政府等利益相关者对会计信息的需求；同时，也可能在很大程度上改变财务报表数据，甚至出现新的财务操纵手法和现象。本文对新会计准则的重大变革进行了纵向比较分析，分析了这些变革即将对上市公司财务报表带来的现实影响和未来变化，提出了可能出现的新的操纵问题以及监管对策。 相似文献
12.
While the practice of Internet financial reporting (IFR) has evolved rapidly, research has questioned the corresponding responsiveness of the auditing profession. This study investigates the existence and nature of an expectations gap that may have arisen in relation to the auditor's role and responsibilities with respect to IFR. Based on a questionnaire survey in New Zealand, results confirm the existence of an expectations gap between auditors and stakeholder groups. Specific responsibilities contributing to deficient performance, deficient standards, and unreasonable expectations components of this gap are identified. The principal pronouncement dealing with auditors’ relevant responsibilities in New Zealand is AGS 1003 Audit Issues Relating to the Electronic Presentation of Financial Statements and Related Auditor's Reports. AGS 1003 discusses, inter alia, the auditor's role and responsibilities in relation to electronic financial statements before and after online publication, and the implications of IFR for the auditor's report and other audit communications. The study argues that the authoritative status of such guidance statements may contribute to a perpetuation of the gap. Furthermore, the profession is urged to avoid ‘standard’ professional responses to the issues, which risk being labelled insufficient and/or strategically motivated. The findings have policy implications for standard-setters internationally. 相似文献
13.
Marie Herly Nikolaj Niebuhr Lambertsen 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2023,50(1-2):91-117
Financial restatements are costly, but frequent, events and many firms restate several times. We explore why rational managers engage in misreporting despite the costly consequences. To guide our analysis, we build a parsimonious model of reporting bias and the cost of restating. In our model, the observed cost of a restatement conveys information about the true cost of biasing financial statements, which the manager incorporates into the optimal choice of bias. A restatement hence offers managers an opportunity to learn about the true cost of reporting bias, which allows them to update their biasing strategy if the observed cost differs from the expected. We test the model's predictions by analyzing how firms' accruals quality changes after observing the costs attached to restating, which we measure as the market loss following a restatement scaled by the restatement's net income effect. We find that future accruals quality is increasing in the cost of restating and the change in the cost of restating. Consistent with our stylized model, our results indicate that rational managers use the insights from prior restatements to improve their future bias strategy. 相似文献
14.
Belen Blanco Sandip Dhole Ferdinand A. Gul 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2023,50(7-8):1166-1205
We examine the association between financial statement comparability and the likelihood of accounting fraud. Prior research documents a negative association between the quality of a firm's reporting environment and accounting fraud. We build on this literature and show that poor financial statement comparability is associated with a greater likelihood of accounting fraud. We also find that accounting comparability declines over time as the year of fraud detection approaches and that the association between comparability and fraud becomes more negative over this time. In addition, we find that financial statement comparability improves after fraud detection, consistent with the notion that managers improve their financial reporting quality after fraud. 相似文献
15.
Nitin Singh Kee‐hung Lai Markus Vejvar T. C. Edwin Cheng 《Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance》2019,30(3):64-82
This article develops and empirically tests a predictive model for audit of fraud detection with practical applications for audit operations. By analyzing real‐life accounting data, the proposed model can identify anomalous transactions and directly focus on exceptions for further investigation in real time, thus offering a significant reduction in manual intervention and processing time in audit operations. Our approach is a highly desirable supplement to the existing rule‐based models, given the growing use of information technology for analytics in auditing. The proposed approach is based on classification. Following the tenets of the principal agency theory, we discuss how our approach can help to reduce monitoring and contracting costs, disincentivize fraud, improve auditor efficiency and independence, and increase audit quality. We contribute to the current literature by discussing the implications of data‐driven audit on the moderating role of auditors in principal‐agent relationships and providing practical insights into the operational aspects of financial reporting and auditing, modeling of fraud‐detection classification models, and benefits, barriers, and enablers of implementing data driven audit in companies. 相似文献
16.
James L. Chan 《公共资金与管理》2013,33(6):451-454
In late 2013, China's political leadership decided to require the government to practice accrual accounting and prepare whole-of-government financial reports. This decision was codified in the new budget law and followed up by a State Council directive endorsing the reform proposal of the Ministry of Finance. Some basic government accounting standards have been made public for comment. In the same timeframe, the ministry also decided to promote management accounting in order to raise the competency and contributions of China's millions of accounting personnel. 相似文献
17.
We draw on social capital theory to examine the relationship between audit committee (AC) members’ social capital and financial reporting quality. Using US data for the period 2001–2010, our results suggest that non-AC directors’ social capital does not appear to be relevant to financial reporting quality. As far as AC members are concerned, our findings show a negative relationship between their social capital and financial reporting quality, suggesting a ‘dark side’ to social capital. Specifically, we find that sitting in multiple ACs (centrality) has a negative impact on reporting quality only for those AC members designated as financial experts. When other proxies for social capital are considered (connectedness, brokerage position and strong ties), our results show that the quality of financial reporting significantly decreases with the social capital of non-financial experts sitting in the AC. We contribute to prior research by: (i) relying on social capital theory, which is widely neglected in accounting research, (ii) using multiple metrics to capture the complex dimensions of social capital, and (iii) discriminating between the effects of financial and non-financial experts’ social capital on reporting quality. Our results suggest policy-makers might wish to limit financial experts’ multiple directorships as well as assess the actual contribution of non-financial experts to AC effectiveness. 相似文献
18.
This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the types of accounting fraud committed by firms over the period 1995–2009. Using detailed data from US SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAER), we examine the likelihood and timing of analyst coverage decisions and recommendation revisions related to fraud firms versus firms without accounting fraud. We find that analysts have a higher probability of taking the more severe action of dropping coverage rather than only revising down recommendations for firms with any type of accounting fraud and also for specific egregious types of accounting fraud. Through the use of competing hazards models, we also find that accounting frauds and their egregiousness are positively (negatively) associated with the timeliness of the analysts’ action to drop coverage (revise only). Overall, we find that analysts’ actions may be useful in determining the occurrence of accounting fraud prior to the public announcement of the fraud. 相似文献
19.
Application of Anglo-American Principles of Consolidation to Corporate Financial Disclosure in Japan
JILL L. McKINNON 《Abacus》1984,20(1):16-33
The adoption by Japan of consolidated corporate reporting in 1977 may be viewed as an instance of the international transfer of Anglo-American practices of corporate reporting, and as a step towards international harmonization of accounting. Consolidation practices in Anglo-American nations are based on assumptions about the nature of corporate group associations. This paper examines the applicability of these assumptions to the corporate context in Japan. Personal interviews and analyses of group associations of listed Japanese corporations support three principal findings: (i) that historical and cultural determinants provide significant contrasts between corporate group associations in Japan and Anglo-American nations; (ii) that Anglo-American methods of consolidation fail to reflect adequately the nature of corporate group associations in Japan; and (iii) that the adoption of consolidation in Japan represented a response to situation-specific change stimuli rather than a general acceptance of the intrinsic merit of consolidation. The findings have implications for international accounting. 相似文献
20.
This instructional case applies a framework-based approach to explore the concept of comparability in financial reporting and retrospective application of new accounting policies. The DaimlerChrysler (DC) case provides an opportunity for you to research key financial reporting concepts, analyze accounting policy differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS, determine adjustments necessary to convert financial statements from U.S. GAAP to IFRS, and compute and discuss key ratio impacts following financial statement conversion. This case demonstrates that transitioning to IFRS is more than an accounting issue; it provides opportunities for financial restructuring (e.g., Daimler’s amendments to pension plans and its 2007 sale of Chrysler). It also illustrates the importance of professional judgment when initially adopting IFRS accounting policies. Also, despite FASB and IASB convergence efforts, you learn that most of the key differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS identified in DC’s reconciliations continue today. This case helps you to: (1) develop skills to interpret and apply the requirements on first-time adoption of IFRS to a real-world setting; (2) research key differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS and their effects on the financial statements and ratios; and (3) understand significant impacts of the transition to IFRS on businesses and financial statements. Completing the case develops your critical thinking and research/technological skills. 相似文献