共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Alessandro Turrini 《Journal of Economics》2000,71(2):133-147
In a vertically differentiated Cournot oligopoly where the high-quality variant of the good requires the use of high-quality labor, firms may either all supply the same quality or differentiate their product. In differentiated configurations the number of firms choosing to supply the high-quality variant is generally above the optimum. The opening of trade between symmetric countries entails a pro-competitive effect that raises welfare through a reduction in average quality. This result contrasts with previous findings concerning the opening of trade in vertically differentiated oligopolistic industries (Gabszewicz, Shaked, Sutton, and Thisse,International Economic Review 22 [1981]; Shaked and Sutton, in Kierzkowski, ed.,Monopolistic Competition and International Trade, Oxford 1984). 相似文献
2.
Young-Bum Park 《International economic journal》2013,27(1):29-42
The object of this paper is to increase our understanding of the effect of output market power (the degree of concentration in an industry) on wage earnings in Korea. We conduct a series of econometric investigations based on the traditional human capital theory and find that workers in a more concentrated industry are paid higher. This wage premium is not explained in terms of the differences in the quality of labor and/or compensating factors. It suggests to us that the conventional estimates of the misallocation of resources due to the output market power are underestimated since this source of higher unit costs is disregarded. [820] 相似文献
3.
Seyed Ali Madanizadeh 《Applied economics》2019,51(24):2654-2668
In this article, we investigate the impact of trade openness on labour force participation rate. We use tariff rate as the main indicator of trade openness and we employ the number of regional trade agreements and the average tariff rate in the neighbours’ countries as instrumental variables to diminish the endogeneity problem of the tariff rate. We find that trade openness increases the participation rate which is economically and statistically significant. The results show that this correlation is robust under controlling for different variables and using various specifications. We find that 10 percentage point increase in tariff rate lowers the participation rate by 4–6 percentage point and this relationship is more severe in the long run. Finally, we show that changes in labour force population accounts for about 27% of changes in the unemployment rate following a trade liberalization. 相似文献
4.
This article Analysis the effects of a large increase in Slovenia’s minimum wage in March 2010 on the wage distribution using an administrative matched employer–employee panel database. We find that the minimum wage hike increased the concentration of low-paid workers, creating a much more pronounced spike at the minimum, particularly in market services, and for the young, the least educated and those with the least work experience. Our analysis also shows that the March 2010 minimum wage increase also produced sizeable spillover effects. The spillover effects were higher among young and older workers, especially for wage levels near the new minimum wage. The results are based on a difference-in-differences approach comparing changes in wages during the control and treatment periods as experienced by workers in the wage group immediately above the level of the new minimum wage and workers in wage groups higher up in the wage distribution. 相似文献
5.
关于中国实行最低工资保障制度的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
最低工资制度是否有效一直是学术界一个备受争议的问题。我国现阶段实行最低工资制度在微观层面缓解了劳资双方矛盾,保护了劳动者权益,对宏观经济层面也有正效应。针对当前的制度因素,应从立法、加强监管、加大财政支出等方面完善最低工资保障制度,以实现社会和谐发展。 相似文献
6.
Pasquale Tridico 《International Review of Applied Economics》2015,29(2):164-193
The objective of this paper is to show that the current global economic crisis, into which Italy also fell in 2008, represents just the last step of a long declining path for the Italian economy which began in the 1990s, or to be more precise in 1992 and 1993. It is argued that the reasons that explain the long Italian decline, and partly also the deeper recession today, as well as the lack of recovery from the current crisis, can be found in the past reforms of the labour market. In particular, the labour flexibility introduced in the last 15 years had, along with other policies introduced in parallel, cumulative negative consequences on the inequality, on the consumption, on the aggregate demand, on the labour productivity and on the GDP dynamics. 相似文献
7.
We build an equilibrium search model where married couples make joint decisions on home production and labour market participation and analyse the implications of our results for a frictional marriage market. A worker's bargaining position reflects their productivity, and the productivity and employment status of their spouse. People sometimes accept transitory jobs only to raise the spouse's long-term wages. Firms sometimes reduce turnover by unilaterally increasing a worker's wage, ensuring that the spouse stays at home. 相似文献
8.
This paper studies the evolution of wage inequality in Turkey using household labour force survey data from 2002 to 2010. Between 2002 and 2004, the relative supply of more‐educated workers to less‐educated workers remained constant while their relative wages decreased in favour of less‐educated workers. However, between 2004 and 2010, the relative supply of more‐educated workers to less‐educated workers rose, while their relative wages remained constant or kept increasing in favour of more‐educated workers. This suggests factors other than those implied by a simple supply‐demand model are involved, such as skill‐biased technical change or minimum wage variations. The decomposition of wage inequality reveals that the price (wage) effect dominates the composition effect particularly in the first period. Our results show that the real minimum wage hike in 2004 corresponds to a major institutional change, which proved to be welfare‐increasing in terms of wage inequality. The upper‐tail (90/50) wage inequality decreased between 2002 and 2004 and stayed constant thereafter, whereas the lower‐tail (50/10) wage inequality decreased throughout the period. Our findings thus provide evidence supporting the institutional argument for explaining wage inequality. 相似文献
9.
于翠萍 《技术经济与管理研究》2013,(5)
近年来我国的服务贸易总量已经位居世界前列,那么是否服务贸易的竞争力也是名列前茅呢?为了对我国服务贸易的国际竞争力进行比较全面的分析和评价,笔者对我国服务贸易的进行了多角度的比较分析.首先,从其自身发展的过程来看,自2000-2010年我国服务贸易一直是不断处于增长,且其增速水平超过了世界服务贸易的平均增长水平,但是仍然处于逆差地位,贸易结构也是以传统的服务贸易为主,说明我国服务贸易一方面是由于我国经济的飞速发展对服务贸易进口的需求不断提高,另一方面也说明我国的服务贸易竞争力处于相对弱势地位,竞争力有待提高.同时,本文对2000-2010年期间服务贸易和货物贸易的发展作了比较,相对于货物贸易来说,我国服务贸易的发展还是相对落后,处于弱势地位.第二部分,本文运用了贸易竞争力指数、显性比较优势指数和显示性比较优势指数等指标对我国的服务贸易竞争优势进行定量分析,指标数据显示我国服务贸易的竞争力在世界处于弱势地位,其提升道路任重而道远. 相似文献
10.
This article proposes a new analysis of the market and welfare effects of export subsidies. Current analysis uses a default assumption of imports being prohibited by the exporting country. We contend that this assumption fails on several fronts: it is not consistent with the ceteris paribus assumption used in economic analysis; it is unrealistic in a world of fast-dropping transportation costs and free trade; and it hides the true effect of an export subsidy which is to create inefficient intra-industry trade. Correcting the analysis is important as, even with a proliferation of treaties, governments continue to enact policies to promote trade that may have similar effects to an export subsidy. Proceeding at a basic level, this article presents graphical analysis of export subsidies to replace the content in current undergraduate textbooks, in order to train the next generation of economists to think clearly about the effects of this policy. 相似文献
11.
Algirdas Bartkus 《Economics of Transition》2017,25(1):47-75
This paper presents a comprehensive and non‐standard labour market analysis based on univariate and multivariate models for wages. The novelty of this paper lies in the use of non‐normalized cointegrating vectors for labour market analysis. Wages are the basis of labour market models, as well as the key factor for employees and employers; therefore, the central analytical axis is a classical wage bargaining process, where one side requires and the other side proposes a certain level of wages. Analysis is divided into two parts: foremost, a careful analysis of Lithuanian wages is conducted and a univariate model for the investigation of interactions between the minimum wage and the rest of the wages is proposed; only after the minimum wage model is drafted can the multivarate model for the whole economy be built up. Briefly, the methodology used in this article can be annotated as a synthesis of sequential theoretical and empirical considerations that combine the results of theoretical macroeconomics with data‐generating patterns and stylized facts. The model is considered as the final one only if macro‐theory preconditions, statistical prerequisites, and stylized real‐world requirements are met and fulfilled. In addition, this article gives an example and a quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, motivated suggestion as to how to incorporate minimum wages into econometric models and puts forward an explanation for why it is necessary to include minimum wage dynamics into labour market analysis. The article is nothing but an empirical case study that demonstrates how many minor details have to be taken into account until a realistic labour market model is built up. Although the paper deals with the labour market, the suitable application of time series methods is the main subject of the analysis. 相似文献
12.
Martin C. Byford 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2013,32(2):139-150
This article employs an elementary bargaining model to characterise the consequences of increasing labour market flexibility. In the model a policy change relaxes a non‐wage minimum condition of employment. The policy change has ambiguous effects on the share of the surplus that accrues to workers and may leave workers worse off. Moreover, where a worker is on the minimum wage, total welfare may be reduced as workers seek to circumvent the minimum wage by sacrificing non‐wage conditions of employment. The results add to our understanding of the motivation and composition of groups, such as labour unions, opposed to labour market reforms. Moreover, they imply that it may be welfare enhancing to retain rigid labour market conditions for workers on, or close to, the minimum wage. 相似文献
13.
Chu-Ping Lo 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2015,10(4):629
I present a simple model to examine the impact of international outsourcing on the welfare of skilled and unskilled labor. In this model, specialized business services are to facilitate manufacturing production, creating additional welfare gains in the presence of positive production externalities. Policies that favor the business service sector contribute to the development of a larger bundle of specialized business services, generating more welfare gains to not only skilled but also unskilled labor. Thus, a country’s unskilled labor is not necessarily worse off with open trade if the country is prosperous in business service provisions. 相似文献
14.
This article compares the salary structure of tenured and tenure-track faculty across schools within the university systems of North Carolina and New York. Specifically, we establish a positive relationship between school prestige and salary inequality, both overall and within specific academic ranks. This result suggests that the value to teaching is less discipline-specific than the value to research output. Marked differences in the aforementioned statistical linkage across academic ranks also confirm prior speculation that junior faculty salaries are more closely tied to academic value than senior faculty salaries. 相似文献
15.
In this study we use the newly available Yugoslavian Labor Force Survey data to investigate wage differentials and employment decisions in the state and private sectors in Yugoslavia. For the analysis we use three empirical models that rely on different statistical assumptions. We extend the standard switching regression model to allow non‐normality in the joint distribution of the error terms. After correcting for the sector selection bias and controlling for workers’ characteristics we find a private sector wage advantage. The wage premium is largest for workers with low education levels and declining for workers with higher educational levels. Given the regulatory and tax policies that pushed the private sector into the informal sphere of the economy during the period covered by our data, we argue that the state/private wage gap is likely to grow in the future. This will make it increasingly difficult for the state sector to attract and retain highly skilled employees. 相似文献
16.
Bruce Pietrykowski 《Feminist Economics》2017,23(4):32-61
Feminist economics has contributed to the understanding of the economic importance of care work. Most studies find a wage penalty associated with caring occupations. This study extends the feminist research on care work beyond caring occupations by identifying specific caring skills and activities derived from the 2014 O*NET job-evaluation data. Four caring skills – (1) Assisting and Caring for Others, (2) Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships, (3) Service Orientation, and (4) Social Perceptiveness – were used in ordinary least-squares and quantile wage regressions for 623 occupations in the United States. Findings indicate that the return to caring and assisting skills results in a wage penalty for low-wage workers but a wage premium for workers in high-wage and male occupations. By identifying the impact of gender and class on the economic return to particular caring skills, the study broadens the understanding of care work, especially in relation to US wage inequality. 相似文献
17.
Michael Moritz 《Economics of Transition》2011,19(2):305-331
Using data from the Czech Microcensus, I investigate differences in the regional impact of open borders on different skill groups in the Czech labour market. According to my results, there are no indications of disproportionate shifts in the skill structure of employment in the districts neighbouring western Germany and Austria compared to non‐border districts. However, regarding spatial wage gaps, I find evidence that from 1996 until 2002 the workers in the border region with the lowest degree of skills have a positive wage differential compared to their counterparts in the non‐border region, while all other skill groups in the border region have negative values. 相似文献
18.
Xiaofeng Penny Li 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2015,10(3):527
This paper examines the relationship between trade liberalization and wage inequality for 50 U.S. states during the period from 1999 to 2008. The Difference-in-Differences and fixed effects methods are employed to evaluate the effect of trade liberalization on wage inequality in the U.S. states. Empirical results reveal that trade liberalization and de-unionization do increase the wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Evidence shows skill-biased technological change has no significant impact on rising wage inequality. As Difference-in-Differences estimation on time-series cross sectional data involves many years, the conventional standard errors often understate the standard deviation of the estimators. This paper employs the standard bootstrapping procedure and the clustering error procedure to correct the problem, and all sign patterns still hold. 相似文献
19.
Atif Awad 《International economic journal》2019,33(2):252-269
The present study seeks to examine the impact of economic globalisation on youth unemployment for 50 African countries between the period 1994 and 2013. In addition to the economic globalisation measurements, the present study controlled the variables that represent the fluctuations in economic activates; demographic changes, a country’s economic size; the quality of governmental institutions; and labour market regulation. The results of the Arellano-Bond (A-B) GMM technique showed that greater openness to global markets would reflect in a lower youth unemployment rate. Furthermore, the results revealed that rigidity in labour market regulations seemed to reduce the youth unemployment rate. In addition, urbanisation seemed to raise the youth unemployment rate. The findings supported contemporary calls to participate in international trade to facilitate the job creation process. 相似文献
20.
The debate between the skill-biased technological change (SBTC) approach and the international trade (IT) explanation to obtain the best explanation for the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers continues. In this article, we divide the Portuguese manufacturing industries into high-tech and low-tech and study the approach that best justifies the wage gap, for the period between 2007 and 2014. The results point out that the SBTC approach is the main explanation to the formation the wage gap between the labour force with tertiary education (skilled) and with secondary and primary education (unskilled). 相似文献