Disciplining Gender?

Taken as a whole, research on gender issues in development, whether directly oriented to policy questions or to broader understandings of social change in developing countries, has been marked by a broad and deep disciplinary, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary character which has been central to its success. Development agencies research strategies, however, particularly multilaterals, remain dominated by economics, which therefore constrains the extent to which other disciplines are able to contribute to development knowledge and policy evolution. The purpose of this paper is to argue that interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity must be sustained in researching gender and development, and that sociology, anthropology and politics are of increasing significance because of changing priorities in development. I argue that these disciplines have particular conceptual and methodological strengths, very briefly indicated, for researching gender and development, and that there is a need to resource these fields equally through capacity building in developing countries and renewed efforts to increase numbers of women researchers.     

现代经济学分析中的功能主义：形成逻辑及其形式化危害

基于不同的研究层次及其目的,经济学界一直存在着两种基本研究思维：一是功能性的,它强调对经济现象的存在表现以及现象之间功能性联系的分析;二是因果性的,它强调对经济现象内在或背后的本质以及事物之间因果性机理的探究。尽管因果性分析曾是古典经济学的重要特色,但现代主流经济学却越来越偏重于功能性分析,并日益畸化为形式主义;它在伦理实证主义思维的支配下,不但为现实社会制度提供合理化解释,而且还往往会得出反人类道德的政策结论。     

Compatibility, Standardization, and Network Effects: Some Policy Implications

Given the dramatic growth of the Internet and information-technologyindustries in general, and the importance of interconnectionin these networks, the economics of compatibility and standardizationhas become mainstream economics. In this paper, I examine severalkey policy aspects of standard setting in industries with networkeffects.     

Economics Imperialism and the New Development Economics as Kuhnian Paradigm Shift?

This paper addresses the evolving relationship between economics and other social sciences. It sets the present intellectual scene as one in which economics imperialism is rampaging across other disciplines. The designs of economics upon development studies are examined in terms of the Kuhnian notion of paradigm shift. Thereby the conclusion is drawn of the potential prospect of open debate around the economy and development, not least outside economics itself. But there is danger of economics imperialism, in the form of the post-Washington Consensus, foreclosing the analytical agenda at the expense of approaches based on the political economy of capitalism.     

作为异质性偏好的禀赋效应：来自神经经济学的证据

禀赋效应是主流经济学难以回避的"异象"（Anomalies）,对主流经济学一系列重要的理论假设构成了严峻挑战。过去半个世纪以来,对于禀赋效应是否真实、有效和稳健的存在,在主流经济学家与行为经济学家和实验经济学家之间一直存在着严重的分歧与争论。近10年来,伴随着科学技术的进步以及脑科学、认知神经科学、尤其是神经经济学的发展,研究者们在行为实验的基础上,使用脑成像和脑刺激等先进技术,揭示了禀赋效应与人类大脑神经活动之间的相关关系和因果关系,在神经科学的层面上证实了禀赋效应存在的微观基础。文章将对这些研究成果进行较为全面的回顾与评述,从而为禀赋效应的存在性提供新的科学证据。     

Stages of growth revisited

Neoclassical growth theory and the institutional approach to economic development grew apart during the 1970s and 1980s. More integration of these two schools of thought can lead to better analysis and policy. This paper identifies shortcomings of the neoclassical model, especially an overemphasis on savings and investment, and explores stages of growth theory in the context of institutional economics. Its strengths and weaknesses and its application to South Africa are considered.     

The Great Depression: Mises vs. Fisher

Ludwig von Mises established the foundations of modern Austrian economics while Irving Fisher established the foundations of modern mainstream macroeconomics and central bank policy. Fisher helped create and was a proponent of mathematical economics, statistics and index numbers, and a monetary policy that “stabilized” the value of the dollar. Fisher claimed that his scientific approach established a new era of prosperity during the 1920s. Mises published a book in 1928 that critiqued Fisher’s approach and predicted that it would lead to an economic crisis and collapse. Before the stock market crash in 1929 Fisher proclaimed a perpetual prosperity for the economy and continued to recommend investing in stocks long after the market had collapsed. In this important case study, Mises passed the “market test” while Fisher lost his personal fortune during an economic crisis that his economics help create.     

公共政策分析课程教学改革与实践思考

公共政策分析课程是一门综合性、跨学科的新学科,与哲学、政治学、管理学、经济学、社会学和伦理学等相关学科有着紧密的联系。本文结合了公共政策分析课程教学的实际,分析了采用多学科知识渗透法、辅以实践案例教学及政策导向教学法在教学改革中的具体运用,达到有效提高公共政策分析教学的效果。     

On Austrian Economics and the Economics of Carl Menger

This paper gives an overview of the work of Carl Menger, the founding father of the Austrian School of Economics. Menger’s theoretical and methodological positions are compared and contrasted with those of contemporary Austrian Economics. The idea of the unintended consequences of individual purposive actions is seen as a key to Menger’s economics. Although many elements of contemporary Austrian Economics can be found already in the work of Menger, we argue that there are some differences with respect to economic theorizing and economic policy recommendations. We propose to bring Austrian Economics closer to mainstream economics, especially with respect to the analytical tools to be used.     

超越新古典——新兴经济学理论创新概述

最近10多年来，随着一些非主流新兴经济学科的不断发展与成熟，一个新的、超越新古典传统的经济学理论体系正在逐步形成。本文对新兴经济学在研究方法和基本假设方面的创新进行了阐释，这种阐释有助于我们前瞻性地把握经济学未来的发展方向和趋势，有助于中国经济学家尽快融入这场正在不断向纵深发展的理论创新思潮，从而缩短中国经济学研究与国际学术前沿的差距。     

演化发展经济学与新结构经济学——哪一种产业政策的理论范式更适合中国国情

国际学术界有关产业政策的研究存在着两种不同的理论范式：演化经济学和后新古典经济学,这两种不同的理论范式在发展经济学领域中表现为演化发展经济学和新结构经济学的不同。两者的产业政策基于完全不同的理论基础：技术赶超或比较优势;新结构经济学有关政府作用的理论仍是以新古典经济学的市场失败理论为基础的,而演化发展经济学则在批判市场失败理论的基础上提出了一系列的新理论。在演化发展经济学家看来,新结构经济学不适合于中等收入国家,特别是在运用于作为超大型发展中国家的中国国情时存在着严重的缺陷;即使是运用于低收入国家,也是有局限性的。事实证明,技术赶超而非比较优势战略更适合中国国情;以自主创新为核心的基础全面的价值链升级正是我国所有地方政府都面临的共同挑战,而《吉林报告》则忽视了这一关键问题。《吉林报告》的缺陷说明,聚焦于传统意义上产业部门之间区别的新结构经济学已不适应新国际分工对产业政策提出的新要求,演化发展经济学所关注的价值链特定环节、核心技术和组织能力已经成为产业政策的核心问题。因此,一个重要的问题就摆在了中国经济学界的面前：是通过新结构经济学研究中国经济发展问题,还是在演化发展经济学基础之上,针对中国作为超大型发展中国家的国情,发展一种历史和国情特定的中国经济发展理论?     

需求导向型农村金融服务的开发可行性探析——以中国邮政储蓄银行开展农村小额信贷为例

农村经济主体具有大量分散的小额信贷需求。文章通过对中国邮政储蓄银行开展农村小额信贷业务的优势、劣势、机遇以及挑战的分析,得出邮政储蓄银行开展农村小额信贷总体上具有可行性的结论,并针对其劣势和挑战,从农村信用环境、信贷管理制度、还款保障机制以及业务培训等方面提出了具体的政策建议。     

泛珠三角经济合作及其产业政策问题研究

区域产业协调发展是区域经济协调发展的主要问题之一,目前国家产业政策中缺乏明确的区域产业政策,因此本文从区域经济的理论基础出发,对于泛珠三角经济区域产业政策提出了总体的构想,并给予了相应的政策建议。     

对会计准则的经济学思考

新制度经济学、信息经济学以及博弈论等学科的崛起与迅速发展,给会计研究带来了崭新的视角.文章试图综合运用这些前沿经济学原理,对会计准则的性质及其制定过程作粗浅的理论分析.在此基础上,进一步分析了我国会计准则的制定过程中存在的问题,并提出了几点治理建议.     

高技术促进装备制造业技术升级的思路和对策

世界经济发展跌宕起伏,产业结构正处于不断变动和调整时期.中国作为发展中国家,要保持经济和政治上的独立,最重要的是提高我国经济实力和国防实力,而这在很大程度上取决于国家装备制造业的基础.鉴于我国装备制造业在国民经济发展中的重要作用及目前所处的困境,我们必须寻找新的思路和办法促使装备制造业走出困境,并结合其发展趋势,采取有力对策,用高技术促进装备制造技术升级和快步发展.     

产业政策的两大思潮及其架桥

激进发展经济学以及演化发展经济学与新结构经济学围绕产业政策的制定依据展开了激烈争论：前者推行技术拉动的产业政策，强调加快技术自主创新；后者主张资本推动的产业政策，强调提升要素禀赋结构。实际上，产业政策争论反映出了两种不同的技术内生观，进而表现为技术进步的两种路径依赖：内部路径依赖与本国研发投入和学习机会等内部特征有关，外部路径依赖则与要素禀赋和经济系统等外部条件有关。同时，考虑到要素的异质性和技术的专用性以及技术对要素相对价格的影响，一国的技术革新应该兼顾两类依赖路径。因此，看似对立的思维和范式之后实质上也存在很强的相通性，周全的产业和科技政策需要契合这两种视角的思维和认识。     

The role of home economics in agricultural extension

Home economics could play a vital, supportive and complementary role in agricultural extension. Home economics training is, however, in much need of reorientation if the profession is to play this much‐needed role. A comparison of the mission statements, foci and roles of these disciplines illustrates the value of including home economists in agricultural extension teams. The two professions have areas of similarity, but each also has specialist expertise vital to agricultural development. As a multidisciplinary, female‐dominated profession, home economics is able to assist agricultural extension officers in designing extension programmes which suit the needs of women farmers. The article outlines the areas of collaboration, specialist expertise and cooperation between the two professions while questioning the focus of traditional home economics training.     

我国农业资本形成分析

经济发展史表明，各国尤其是发展中国家的经济增长是与其资本形成是紧密相连的。按照主流经济学的观点，推动经济增长的因素有四个：人力资源、自然资源、资本和技术。资本是稀缺程度最高的资源，对于中国这样的农业大国来说，资本形成显得更为重要。     

经济人何以成为经济学之硬核：思想史的端倪

经济人之所以会成为现代主流经济学的硬核,从思想史的角度看,主要有两个重要的分水岭。一是,斯密关于“无形的手”之“预定协调”的观点赋予了自利行为的合理性,从而使得“自利”为后来的主流经济学家所片面强调,乃至赋予了个体行为以效用最大化这一偏至诉求。二是,边沁关于效用加总的功利主义原则赋予了个体效用的计量性,从而使得“效用”为后来主流经济学所普遍接受,乃至进一步发展了基于理性计算的数理模型化分析。显然,正是两者的结合,为经济人假设的出现及其在经济学中的支配地位奠定了思想史的基础。     

IS-LM: The Hicksian journey

Summary In the economics profession John Hicks is mainly known for his work during the 1930s. This paper is aimed at tracing the further development of Hicks' thinking, focussing on his IS-LM apparatus. During the 1950s Hicks used IS-LM to elucidate several issues, as in his Trade Cycle book and his review of Don Patinkin's Money, Interest and Prices. In the ensuing exchange Patinkin showed several weaknesses of IS-LM and pointed to new directions for research: the development of more elaborate models of the transmission mechanism and disequilibrium theory. But Hicks did not really participate in these developments, since, owing to methodological considerations, his thinking diverged more and more from mainstream economics.I would like to thank Jürgen Backhaus, Peter de Gijsel, Jan Snippe, Vic Van Rompuy, Arjen van Witteloostuijn and an anonymous referee for their comments on a former draft. Naturally, only the author is responsible for the opinions here expressed, as well as for any remaining shortcomings.