企业经营专业化与多元化的战略选择

专业化与多元化两种战略本并没有绝对的好坏优劣之分,本文结合二者主要影响因素,在核心竞争力基础上综合辨证地分析专业化经营和多元化经营,指出专业化经营并不完全排斥多元化发展,在专业化的基础上有实行多元化发展的可能,而在多元化发展的过程中也有可能增强专业化经营的实力,即专业化和多元化都只是增强战略核心能力的一种方式,所以企业应选择能最大幅度地增强战略核心能力的扩张方式。     

企业经营专业化与多元化的战略选择

专业化与多元化两种战略本并没有绝对的好坏优劣之分,本文结合二者主要影响因素,在核心竞争力基础上综合辨证地分析专业化经营和多元化经营,指出专业化经营并不完全排斥多元化发展,在专业化的基础上有实行多元化发展的可能,而在多元化发展的过程中也有可能增强专业化经营的实力,即专业化和多元化都只是增强战略核心能力的一种方式,所以企业应选择能最大幅度地增强战略核心能力的扩张方式.     

企业投资模式述评及选择

企业通过选择不同的投资模式来规避经营过程中的风险。目前企业的投资模式主要有专业化投资模式和多元化投资模式。而多元化投资又包括非相关多元投资和相关多元化投资。本文通过对三种投资模式利弊的分析指出:相关多元化投资能够更好地起到规避经营风险的作用,并提出了实施相关多元化的原则。     

企业投资模式述评及选择

企业通过选择不同的投资模式来规避经营过程中的风险。目前企业的投资模式主要有专业化投资模式和多元化投资模式。而多元化投资又包括非相关多元投资和相关多元化投资。本文通过对三种投资模式利弊的分析指出：相关多元化投资能够更好地起到规避经营风险的作用，并提出了实施相关多元化的原则。     

论企业核心竞争力与多元化经营

核心竞争力是企业获得和保持长期竞争优势的源泉,也是企业多元化经营的基础和前提。大量实践证明,只有把多元化经营放在核心竞争力的框架中去运作才能取得较好的效果。本文针对多元化经营中存在的问题及中国工业企业现状,提出在发展专业化生产规模的基础上,围绕核心竞争力实施低度相关的多元化经营是我国企业多元化经营战略的模式选择     

浅析多元化经营战略下的民营企业管理

多元化经营战略是很多民营企业拓展业务、壮大发展的重要途径。多元化经营战略对企业来说是一项长远而复杂的项目,不仅关系着民营企业的整体利益和长久利益,而且关系着企业的资源配置和经济实力,对企业具有重要的发展意义。但是部分民营企业多元化经营战略仍然存在盲目经营、进入新领域时机把握不准确以及企业内部资源使用率低等问题。民营企业必须科学制定多元化经营战略目标,不断发展专业化主导产品,提升自身核心竞争力,采取灵活的方式进入新领域,完善内部资源管理,提高资源利用率,同时建立健全的内部控制体系,从而提升自身的经济实力的资源优势,占领较高的市场份额,促使民营企业在多元化经营战略中获得成功。     

高新技术企业多元化经营对企业风险承担的影响研究

高新技术企业是促进我国经济发展的中坚力量。文章选取高新技术上市公司2014—2022年的面板数据分析多元化经营战略对企业风险承担的影响,为企业微观层面的风险识别、防范及应对治理提供思路和方向。研究发现：多元化经营与企业风险承担存在显著正相关关系,且多元化经营使得代理成本提高、企业绩效降低,导致企业风险承担加剧,但内部控制能够缓解这一现象。研究充实了多元化经营战略对企业风险承担的影响研究,对企业经营战略的选择和风险决策的实施具有一定的借鉴意义。     

多元化煤炭企业成本管理方面的分析研究

研究多元化煤炭企业成本管理问题,为煤炭企业多元化经营提供内部降本依据,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。理论意义,深入研究基于成本管理的跨产业经营,能丰富成本管理理论;对多元化经营企业外部的不同产业链环节的博弈分析,能提供降低交易成本的经营模式。现实意义,给出降低煤炭企业成本的操作方式,为企业提供决策依据,能保持煤炭产业的总体竞争力;通过深入分析S集团多元化运营的成本管理模式,为其他煤炭企业决策提供借鉴。     

专业化与多元化的比较与选择

企业多元化经营与专业化经营战略的选择,在许多企业从小到大的发展过程中都会遇到,本文试图通过对多元化和专业化的含义、优缺点等方面的分析,得出多元化、专业化并无优劣之分的结论,并进一步探讨了专业化与多元化的选择问题,以期对我国企业的经营战略选择有所启示与帮助。     

企业多元化战略研究--以云南云天化股份有限公司为例

多元化与专业化,是企业两种主要战略选择模式。许多企业的案例表明,多元化经营是一条艰险之路,国际国内成功的案例并不多见。云南云天化股份有限公司（以下简称云天化）其前身是我国七十年代引进设备建设的大化肥生产企业之一,在上市之初只有单一的化肥产品,通过多年来投资新建和收购,云天化最终确立化肥、有机化工和玻璃纤维为三大支柱产品。其中,在有机化工行业领域的扩展属于相关多元化,而向玻纤行业进军则已涉及非相关多元化经营了。经过多年来的资金投入、技术积累和市场开拓,三大产品均取得了较高的市场地位和良好的盈利能力,全部形成可持续良性发展趋势。云天化在多元化经营方面的成功经验,值得想要进行多元化扩张的企业借鉴学习。     

Effects of family control on the degree and type of diversification: Empirical evidence for business groups

This article analyzes the impact of ownership structure on corporate diversification, with reference to large listed family business groups. By considering agency theory and socioemotional wealth, the study examines the relationship between family ownership, concentration of ownership, and degree and type of diversification. The study considers 99 Spanish listed business groups (50 family‐controlled‐ and 49 nonfamily‐controlled groups) and considers diversification of business group as the focus of analysis. The results show how family business groups present a lower preference for unrelated diversification than related diversification. There is also a nonlinear relationship between the concentration of ownership in family groups and the degree of diversification, showing different behaviors in family groups according to shares owned by the family's leading shareholders. This article contributes to the literature by providing a more precise identification of the corporate strategy adopted by business groups and establishing new evidence about the impact of family control on diversification strategies and the differences regarding nonfamily business groups.     

产业多样化、职能专业化与城市经济发展--基于长三角和中原城市群面板数据的分析

本文构建产业多样化、城市职能特征与经济发展的理论框架,从经济增长和经济稳定两方面探讨城市产业结构和职能特征的作用。通过2003－2012年长三角和中原城市群的面板数据实证分析发现,产业相关多样化是否能促进经济增长依赖于城市职能专业化调节效应的发挥,产业无关多样化的投资组合效应与城市职能特征无关,而产业相关多样化在就业市场中的作用随经济周期变动。不同地区的城市产业结构和职能特征差距较大,应因地因时地制定产业政策来促进城市经济发展。     

基于制度理论的企业非相关多元化与绩效关系研究

传统战略管理理论认为非相关多元化对企业绩效有负向影响。然而在中国这样的转型经济国家,由于制度的缺失导致市场有效性相对较弱,非相关多元化可以使企业形成内部市场从而弥补制度的欠缺,通过对中国500强企业的实证研究也证明非相关多元化与企业绩效正相关。由于中国民营企业的非相关多元化程度较国有企业更高,民营企业非相关多元化与企业绩效的关系也较国有企业更为显著。     

How do institutional transitions impact the efficacy of related and unrelated diversification strategies used by business groups?

Drawing from institutional theory and organizational theory, this paper reports findings from a longitudinal study of Indian business groups as they were responding to pro-market institutional reforms. It explores their diversification choices at the group level, and the group performance consequences of these choices during a period of institutional change (1988–2012). Results show that although overall group diversification had a positive impact on performance, as institutions developed and market reforms took root, unrelated diversification resulted in poorer performance. However, related diversification strategies resulted in positive group performance outcomes after pro-market reforms had taken root. This suggests that the performance consequences of alternative diversification strategies adopted by business groups change as institutional development occurs, an important facet of business group evolution that has received limited attention in the extant literature.     

Global strategies of European firms

In this research four internationally operating business units of European multinational corporations are studied from a global strategy content perspective. In opposition to large parts of the existing global strategy literature, the observed pattern of strategic behavior exclusively related to neither prevailing generic strategies nor to any of the different content-oriented approaches to global strategy. Based on the empirical evidence, a taxonomy of four types of global strategies is identified. The taxonomy proposes to distinguish global strategies along two key dimensions: internal source of competitive advantage generation (upstream, downstream) and external focus of competitive advantage exploitation (country centered, country transcending).     

Impact of growth strategy on mode of governance in alliances

The aim of this study is to analyse the way in which growth strategies influence the choice of governance mode in corporate alliances. Specifically, the study looks at how expansion, diversification and internationalisation strategies determine choice of joint ventures rather than other types of alliances. To that end, we analysed a sample of 918 alliances among companies from the European Union-15 between 2000 and 2004. The results suggest that companies prefer to set up joint ventures when their strategies are based on expansion and related diversification, whereas they prefer other types of alliances when they follow a strategy of unrelated diversification. Furthermore, in international alliances, it appears that the impact of growth strategy on alliance governance mode is similar for the entire range of companies employed in the sample.     

A multidimensional perspective of SME internationalization speed: The influence of entrepreneurial characteristics

This paper contributes to a multidimensional perspective on the speed of SME internationalization. It examines the influence of entrepreneurial characteristics – experience, rationales and innovation strategies – on multiple dimensions of internationalization speed. Findings from a sample of 180 SMEs show that earliness, speed of deepening, and speed of geographic diversification can be viewed as three different strategic alternatives and that each dimension is predicted by a different set of entrepreneurial antecedents. Earliness of internationalization is associated with entrepreneurs’ international business experience and their perception of opportunities abroad as well as preference for an innovation strategy characterized by ambidextrous innovation. Speed of deepening is related to entrepreneurs’ international business experience, their orientation towards differentiation vis-à-vis competitors, and commitment to innovation and a strategy focusing on exploration. These results indicate the importance of distinguishing between different forms of innovation. Speed of geographic diversification is predicted only by entrepreneurs’ orientation towards differentiation vis-à-vis competitors.     

Diversification and market entry choices in the context of foreign direct investment

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) consider many factors when making decisions in the context of foreign direct investment (FDI). The MNE must decide whether to diversify or to concentrate on its main line of business (LOB). It must also decide whether to enter into a foreign market through a greenfield or acquisition strategy. This paper analyzes both decisions. The international business literature has generally treated these strategic choices as independent. This paper introduces a more realistic selection model, in which the diversification choice and the entry mode choice are made sequentially, and are therefore related. The model is tested using a data set of FDI into the United Kingdom by MNEs in engineering and related industries. The analysis indicates a strong relationship between the diversification choice and the entry mode decision. In virtually all cases, the statistical significance of the selection model is higher than that of the independent model, indicating an improvement over previous research. Overall, the results indicate that the decisions on product diversification and foreign mode of entry are related. Diversified firms are more likely to enter through acquisition. Firms focusing on their main LOB are more likely to enter through greenfield entry. The paper also identifies a number of managerially relevant factors affecting these relationships.     

公司特征、行业特征和并购战略类型的实证研究

This paper studies 148 related and 169 unrelated acquisition cases conducted by Chinese listed firms from 2001 to 2004 and explores firm and industry characteristics of these firms prior to their acquisition. Results show that there are significant pre-acquisition differences between firms pursuing related acquisition and firms pursuing unrelated acquisition in terms of firm performance, business risk, firm size, proportion of state shares and degree of diversification profile. Except for differences in internal capital as represented by undistributed profit per share, there is no significant difference in other aspects of available resources and industry performance. Translated and revised from Guanli Shijie 管理世界 (Management World), 2007, (3): 130–137     

The impact of internal,external, and competitor factors on marketing strategy performance

ABSTRACT

Strategy formulation is commonly understood as the match between a firm’s internal resources and skills and its external environment. Marketing strategy performance is the function of a dynamic, interactive process incorporating internal firm resources, external environmental factors, and competitive actions. The study aims to assess the impact of competitor actions on marketing strategy performance. We develop a model that accommodates the effects of 29 variables (comprising internal marketing strategy variables, external environmental factors and competitors’ marketing mix variables) on business performance. We empirically test the model using simultaneous equation modelling of time-series data on UK car manufacturers collected from publically available resources and annual reports. The results show that external factors, in particular competitors’ marketing mix elements, have a greater influence on a company’s business performance than internal (marketing and non-marketing) strategy variables. Implications for marketing theory and management are discussed.