Three New Real Estate Price Indices for Geneva,Switzerland

This paper develops constant-quality price indices for three categories of real estate-apartment buildings, vacant land, and condominiums—for the city of Geneva, Switzerland. We use both the hedonic and repeat sales models to estimate the price level and, in turn, the rate of price change. The general pattern of each series suggests that real estate prices in Geneva were fairly stable throughout the 1970s, increased sharply during the 1980s, but gave back some of these gains in the early 1990s. Interestingly, the sharp rise in prices in the second half of the 1980s is very similar to that found in some regions of the United States. We also consider the problem, implicit in the repeat sales method, of revisions in previously estimated price indices as additional data become available in later years.     

The Hierarchical Trend Model for Property Valuation and Local Price Indices

This paper presents a hierarchical trend model (HTM) for selling prices of houses, addressing three main problems: the spatial and temporal dependence of selling prices and the dependency of price index changes on housing quality. In this model the general price trend, cluster-level price trends, and specific characteristics play a role. Every cluster, a combination of district and house type, has its own price development. The HTM is used for property valuation and for determining local price indices. Two applications are provided, one for the Breda region, and one for the Amsterdam region, lying respectively south and north in The Netherlands. For houses in these regions the accuracy of the valuation results are presented together with the price index results. Price indices based on the HTM are compared to a standard hedonic index and an index based on weighted median selling prices published by national brokerage organization. It is shown that, especially for small housing market segments the HTM produces price indices which are more accurate, detailed, and up-to-date.     

Foreclosure,REO, and Market Sales in Residential Real Estate

Assessment of lender and third-party bidder acquired properties at foreclosure auction is provided. Properties acquired at foreclosure auction by third-party bidders transact at a discount to lender dispositions of real estate owned (REO) properties. The discount reflects a reduction in costs associated with lender owned (REO) dispositions and uncertainty faced by third-party bidders. Moreover, there is a ranking in transaction prices among initial purchases by third-party bidders at foreclosure auction, REO sales, non-distressed property sales and the subsequent sales of third-party bidder acquired properties. Third-party bidder auction prices are below REO sale prices, which are below non-distressed property sale prices, which are below the subsequent sale prices of third-party bidder acquired properties. The price spacing by cohort is logical, intuitive and economically justified in a market with rational participants. Implications are also apparent for the measurement of price changes, net sale proceeds and returns to residential real estate.     

商业银行贷款定价行为与房地产价格泡沫

房地产信贷是基于潜在资产的看跌期权,贷款人是卖方,借款人是买方。贷款人对看跌期权价值的低估会导致资产价格膨胀、偏离基础价值,而银行家和股东均存在低估看跌期权的正向激励。开放经济条件下,贷款利率、存款利率与汇率三个因素增加资产市场价格与基础价值的差距。基于对PW模型的扩展分析,中国2005年7月至2007年12月的数据也证实了房地产价格与利差和汇率负相关,与存款利率正相关。     

An Empirical Study of Sample-Selection Bias in Indices of Commercial Real Estate

Real estate price indices based solely on samples of sold properties may not accurately represent the population of properties due to potential sample-selection bias. This study addresses this potential for sample-selection bias in the construction of commercial price indices within the context of the Phoenix area office market. The empirical analysis confirms the presence of sample-selection bias in the estimation of the total price equation. However, within this sample, the price indices generated after correcting for sample-selection bias do not appear significantly different from those that do not consider selectivity bias.     

商品房价格与我国房地产业周期发展

相对持续高涨的房价,我国城市居民购房能力萎缩。房地产业连续9年的快速增长,使其到了发展的巅峰。发展过热的争论和投资过快引发的经济问题,实际是房地产业周期性发展规律的必然表现。房地产业周期性发展的拐点近年将会出现,未雨绸缪应引起高度重视。     

上海房地产价格

从1998年-2004年上海市房地产价格指数的结构看,住宅房屋销售价格指数涨幅明显高于非住宅房屋销售价格指数,居民住宅用地交易价格指数涨幅明显高于工业用地交易价格指数,住宅租赁价格指数总体走低,而办公用房租赁价格指数总体走高。     

房地产价格泡沫与银行危机

在20世纪80年代末,日本泡沫经济的崩溃、美国储贷危机的发生以及在1997年出现的东南亚金融危机,无一不是与各国房地产泡沫的急剧膨胀与银行大规模的抵押贷款密切相关.通过文献的回顾、理论分析以及经验分析,论证了银行大规模的抵押贷款使得房地产价格偏离了基础价格,产生泡沫;随着房地产泡沫的崩溃,房地产价格大幅下降,银行以房地产为抵押的不良贷款急剧增加,导致银行危机的发生.文章最后提出了防止我国今后出现房地产泡沫以及银行危机的政策建议.     

The Optimal Selling Strategy of Residential Real Estate

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics - This paper studies three selling strategies of residential real estate: delegation to a broker, cheap talk with a broker and For Sale By Owner...     

A Real Estate Price Index for Thin Markets

This article examines a time-series-based method for estimating real estate price indexes for markets that have few transactions. The proposed method is more parsimonious than the conventional repeat sale or hedonic methods. Also, it is potentially more accurate and less prone to outliers. It achieves this by linking current transactions to preceding transactions, thereby increasing the set of comparable transactions on which to base the index. My experiments confirm that the time-series price index fares much better in thin markets than a benchmark hedonic index. It remains close to the true index when there are few transactions and it does not have the volatility of the benchmark index. While the time-series-based index developed in this article does better than the benchmark hedonic index, one surprise result is that the hedonic index is itself quite robust in small samples.     

Price Volatility of Commercial and Residential Property

This article studies the relative volatility of commercial and residential property prices. Empirical evidence of commercial property prices being more volatile than the prices of residential property is presented. Models are built following that of Lucas. Theoretical statements are derived to show the exact conditions under which the observations arise. The cases of fixed supply and flexible supply are considered separately.     

Hedging House Price Risk with CME Futures Contracts: The Case of Las Vegas Residential Real Estate

Until the recent introduction of real estate futures on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), there have been few opportunities to manage house price risk. This paper examines whether house price risk can be effectively hedged in Las Vegas, one of the CME contract cities. The analysis considers hedging from the viewpoint of real estate investment groups, mortgage portfolio investors, builder/developers and individual homeowners. For investment groups and mortgage holders holding a mix of new and existing home assets, CME futures would have reduced house price risk by more than 88% over the 1994–2006 period. Similarly, homeowners implicitly hedging price volatility of existing homes also would have fared well over the sample period. However, builder/developers worried about new home price appreciation would have been much less successful in managing their risk. One important caveat, minimum variance hedge ratios change over time and may cause hedge performance to suffer.

股票与房地产价格变化对消费的影响

股票价格和房地产价格在决定居民个人消费方面有一定的作用.不同类型的资产对消费的影响效应是不同的,而且资产价格的财富效应与金融系统性质密切相关.随着时间的推移和金融市场的深化,资产价格已经成为消费者支出的一个越来越重要的决定因素,关注资产价格的变化已经成为各国经济政策制定者在新世纪的新挑战.     

基于多目标规划模型的房价探讨与实证分析

金融危机以来,我国政府受制于救市的压力,对于高房价的宏观调控始终未能收到预期的效果。本文总结并改进了传统的研究方法,将百姓承受能力和金融稳定系数量化为指标,通过多目标规划模型给出合理的参考房价,试图为长期的房价调整寻求一条出路;用Lingo软件对广州市的房价进行了实证分析,并针对实际分析结果提出了一系列平抑房价,化解楼市泡沫的措施。     

Economic Risk Factors and Commercial Real Estate Returns

A great deal of research has focused on the links between stock and bond market returns and macroeconomic events such as fluctuations in interest rates, inflation rates, and industrial production. Although the comovements of real estate and other asset prices suggests that these same systematic risk factors are likely to be priced in real estate markets, no study has formally addressed this issue. This study identifies the growth rate in real per capita consumption, the real T-bill rate, the term structure of interest rates, and unexpected inflation as fundamental drivers or state variables that systematically affect real estate returns. The finding of a consistently significant risk premium on consumption has important ramifications for the vast literature that has examined the (risk-adjusted) performance of real estate, for it suggests that prior findings of significant abnormal returns (either positive or negative) that have ignored consumption are potentially biased by an omitted variables problem. The results also have important implications for dynamic asset allocation strategies that involve the predictability of real estate returns using economic data.     

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Stock Price Reversals

A trigger value of –5% is used to identify a sample of real estate trusts (REITS) that experience substantial one-day price declines. Abnormal returns are then calculated for the subsequent two-day period. The results of this study suggest stock price reversals are associated with extreme stock price declines for REITS. Hence, it appears the market overreacts at the time unfavorable information about REITS is disseminated. The degree of reversal across the sample is assessed according to variables such as the initial price decline (day 0), pre-event leakage (day –1), size (capitalization), the type of real estate investment trust, and relative trading volume.     

股票价格、房地产价格和我国货币需求的实证分析

本文通过引入股票价格和房地产价格,实证分析了资产价格对我国货币需求关系的影响。协整分析表明,房地产价格对长期货币需求有显著的替代效应,股票价格因素不显著。可变参数误差修正模型分析表明,我国的转轨经济特性使得各经济变量对短期货币需求的影响呈现动态变化的特征,同时金融深化和创新也加快了公众对长期货币需求偏离的修正速度。     

Developing a House Price Index for The Netherlands: A Practical Application of Weighted Repeat Sales

This paper describes the development of a house price index that has been introduced in May 2005 in The Netherlands. This monthly index, called Woningwaarde Index Kadaster (House Price Index Kadaster), is designed to detect changes in the price of the overall stock of owner-occupied homes. Fifty-five indices are calculated: one overall index, four regional indices, 12 provincial indices and 38 indices based on combinations of region/province and dwelling type. We used Case and Shiller’s geometric Weighted Repeat Sales Model to calculate monthly house price indices. We used recorded data on the sales of over 500,000 owner-occupied homes in The Netherlands, all representing repeat sales between January 1993 and December 2006. The accuracy of the index was determined using the 95% confidence interval. We observed that accuracy might become a problem in smaller sub samples. Revision volatility was explored by comparing the index values computed from all available data until December 2005 with the index values computed from the data available until December 2006. Our analysis showed that revision volatility does not seem to be a major problem to the index. We also explored heteroskedasticity in the Repeat Sales method but did not find conclusive evidence for the proposed heteroskedasticity. Given our target (a geometric mean index value) and the characteristics of the dataset (very large but without property characteristics) the Repeat Sales Method seems to be adequate for calculating a house price index for The Netherlands.