An evaluation of higher education sector to the economy

Economic sectors consider the contribution of higher education sector. The big majority of the students studying at universities in North Cyprus come from overseas and they compose a big proportion in the population of North Cyprus and they contribute to the economy of North Cyprus as well as to the others involved. According to educational economists, the main source of economic development is the quality and level of education individuals receive. The quality of education has a big effect on the socio-politic and economic structure of a community. This, obviously, indicates the importance of universities for the communities and economy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of individual education to economy and the development of the country as well as the positive contribution of the universities to the economy of the country. A case study, one of qualitative research models, was conducted in this study. As for the study group, an “intentional sampling”, a model without selection, model was used. In this process, representatives from sectors, public organizations, and organizations in economy operating in the North Cyprus were interviewed and questioned through semi-structured interview forms. The research data was analyzed through content-analysis method and the contribution of the research has been presented as suggestions for the future.     

非公经济发展政策执行的阻滞因素分析及对策

国务院关于《鼓励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意见》(以下简称《非公经济发展意见》)的出台,犹如一股强劲的春风,吹暖了民营企业家的心。但民营经济政策从出台到落实还有很长的路要走,很多障碍要克服,《非公经济发展意见》很难在短期内解决多年来积累的问题。一项政策出台,重要的是如何在日趋复杂的环境中有效地执行。政策执行这一被长期忽视的环     

经济增长过程中人力资源开发问题的研究

21世纪是竞争的社会,而这种竞争归根到底就是人才的竞争,即一国人力资源的数量和质量直接影响其经济发展的速度和其在全球经济中竞争力强弱。文章指出,为了更好地开发和利用我国的人力资源,政府要调整好教育产业结构,同时加强人力资源的产权保护,这样才能提高人力资源开发的积极性,促进经济增长。     

The political economy of international trade and factor mobility

Abstract. Free trade in goods and factors is efficient. When we move away from economic theory and consider the policies actually followed by governments, we observe distortions being implemented both on goods and factors trades. It is natural then to question the relative merits of the two types of intervention, and the normative literature has provided only partial answers. We ask then why is the international flow of goods and factors not free, and the political economy literature has looked at the two issues only separately. In studying the determination of trade policy, a theoretical paradigm has emerged, focusing on the role of influence driven contributions. This approach has also found strong empirical support. The literature on the political economy of factor mobility, on the other hand, is fragmented. Distortions in labor and capital flows are typically the subject of different studies, and only recently a unified framework has been proposed. More work has to be done in this area as well as in integrating the political economy of trade and factor movements.     

区域经济发展与国际技术交流的融合——记第三届佛山(国际)物流合作洽谈会与第五届中日韩物流技术与应用交流会

6月的广东，与天气一样酷热的还有一浪高过一浪的物流热潮。以“物流”为主题的几大活动不约而同选择了我国改革开放、经济发展的前沿阵地，几乎在同一时间登台亮相。其中，第三届佛山（国际）物流合作洽谈会，和作为洽谈会重要活动之一的第五届中日韩物流技术与应用交流会，在佛山市同期召开，区域经济发展融入了更多的国际化色彩与专业化内容，因此吸引了更多人的关注，使两大会议都取得了圆满成功。     

World,country, and sector factors in international business cycles

Do sector-specific factors common to all countries play an important role in explaining business cycle co-movement? We address this question by analyzing international co-movements of value added (VA) growth in a multi-sector dynamic factor model. The model contains a world factor, country-specific factors, sector-specific factors, and idiosyncratic components. We estimate the model using Bayesian methods for 30 disaggregated sectors in the G7 economies for the 1974–2004 period. Our findings show that, although there is a substantial role for sector-specific factors, fluctuations are dominated by country-factors. The world factor appears to play a minimal role because, when using aggregate data, the world factor captures both the factor common to all countries and industries and the factor common to the same industry across countries. We then examine how these factors evolved as globalization deepened over the past two decades. Our results suggest that business cycles at a disaggregate level have not become more synchronized internationally. This is mainly driven by a substantial fall in the volatility of world shocks during the globalization period, rather than a lower sensitivity of sectoral growth to world factors. Our results also reveal that world factors appear to be more important for industries with a higher level of international vertical integration.     

An empirical analysis of international labour migration in the Philippines

This study empirically investigates the impact of economic, demographic, and political factors on the size of emigration from the Philippines. In 2007, overseas workers from the Philippines sent remittances in excess of US$14 billion annually to their families back home. Although these remittances are an important source of foreign exchange and play an important role in economic development, the determinants of emigration in the Philippines are not well established. A simple unrestricted error correction model of migration was specified and estimated using data spanning the period 1975–2005. Results indicate that the level of unemployment, adult literacy and population density are the key determinants of emigration in the Philippines. The result also indicates that government instability impacts negatively on emigration in the Philippines. The policy implications of the results are discussed.     

An international study of causality-in-variance: Interest rate and financial sector returns

We demonstrate that causality-in-variance test could be employed to model the direction and lags in information flow between two variables and to avoid misspecifications. We apply this methodology to test the causality between the financial sector returns and interest rates of the G7 countries and show that the direction and the lead/lag structure of causality in the mean and the variance are more complex and dynamic than that have previously been reported. In most cases, we found two-way information flow both at the mean and the volatility level. Causality results give us insights into (i) how and when information is impacted on different market segments, and (ii) design more objective bi-variate models with the appropriate lag structure.     

Analysing the roadblocks of circular economy adoption in the automobile sector: Reducing waste and environmental perspectives

The automobile industry is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in our society. The increase in demand for vehicles drives the growth of the automobile sector worldwide. Fabrication of vehicles consumes an enormous amount of water, energy and resources, thereby increasing carbon emissions. Nonbiodegradable and manufacturing waste after the end of life usage results in a significant contribution to incineration, landfills, air acidification and water eutrophication. The adoption of circular economy (CE) initiatives can play a significant role in dealing with increasing waste and environmental pollution. The main goal of CE is to recycle and reuse materials to reduce waste and also to minimise environmental impacts. This article strongly supports the adoption of CE in the Indian automobile industry. For the successful adoption of CE in the Indian automobile sector, first, it is important to analyse roadblocks to the adoption. Twenty potential roadblocks towards the adoption of CE have been identified from a literature review and in consultation with experts in the field. To capture the vagueness of the data and to carry out a robust analysis, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method with Fuzzy theory is employed. The results reveal that roadblock ‘lacking ability to deliver high-quality remanufactured products’ is ranked first among all considered roadblocks. This study will help the Indian automobile industry, decision makers, research practitioners and government officials develop effective strategies for adopting CE in Indian automobile companies. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to validate the stability of results.     

A financial accelerator in the business sector of a macroeconometric model of a small open economy

We have incorporated a financial accelerator mechanism operating through investments in the business sector in a dynamic macroeconometric model of the Norwegian economy. In this new and amended model aggregated credit and equity prices are determined simultaneously in a system characterized by a two-directional contemporaneous causal link, which has been designed and estimated by a new procedure for simultaneous structural model design. Combined with a mechanism where credit and asset prices are mutually influenced by real investments, this creates a financial accelerator amplified by a credit-asset price spiral. Simulations illustrate how the introduction of a financial accelerator significantly reinforces and extends the economic cycles in projections and forecasts, in particular when confronted by a severe shock. Furthermore, monetary policy has a markedly stronger effect in the short and medium term, while the impact of fiscal policy is affected to a relatively small degree as it is more remotely linked to financial markets.     

Social accounting matrix multipliers in a developing economy: the case of Greece

The purpose of this paper is: (i) to establish the quantitative relationships between production activities, factorial incomes and household incomes in Greece, and (ii) to decompose these relationships into separate effects. For this purpose use is made of the flows between these three sets of sectors into which the Greek economy has been divided in the framework of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM).     

Franchisors do their homework before entering international markets: Experiences from the Australian franchising sector

Whilst the literature on international franchising practice is well established, an issue that remains unaddressed is the optimal timing for international expansion activities. In this study an Internet survey of the population of business format franchisors in Australia is conducted to obtain a profile of franchising, including international expansion data. In the second stage, a series of case studies with 16 Australian-based franchise systems is reported. The results indicate that franchisors do not wait until the domestic market is saturated before venturing overseas. Moreover, franchisors tend to develop their international expansion strategies after the business has demonstrated success in the local market.     

Exploring competitiveness in banking sector of a small island economy: a study of Fiji

The paper explores the competitiveness in the banking sector in Fiji using the Panzar and Rosse (J Ind Econ 35:443–456, 1987) method. We compute the concentration ratios and Herfindahl–Hirschman index based on total assets, loans, and deposits to examine the concentration level. To compute the Panzar-Rosse H-statistics, we use fixed effect regression method duly controlling for heterogeneity. The results show banks in Fiji exhibit monopolistic behavior and are biased towards monopoly/conjectural variation short-run oligopoly upon examining the significance level of the upper and lower bounds of the computed H-statistics. Moreover, the results also show that banks revenue are influenced positively by interest expenses, capital adequacy ratio, and the number of branches; and negatively by personnel expenses, other operating expenses, and firm size measured by total assets.     

Strategies to develop a sustainable and resilient vaccine supply chain in the context of a developing economy

Developing a vaccine supply chain (VSC) is an intricate process due to product perishability issues and cross-border supply complexities. On top of that, developing a pandemic-driven VSC is more challenging due to having significant operational, infrastructural, and policy-related disruptions. From the perspective of a developing economy such as Bangladesh, handling the global COVID-19 pandemic through the proper establishment of a VSC has been disrupted by a multitude of organizational, economic, and policy barriers. This has hindered the process of establishing a resilient VSC let alone ensuring the sustainability of the supply chain (SC). Therefore, this study strives to identify the key VSC strategies and their interrelationships under four groups: Intra-organizational, Inter-organizational, Legislative, and Environmental, based on previous literature and the expert opinions of industrial practitioners and policymakers. 20 strategies are ranked, and their causal relationships are discussed using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. This study utilizes the fuzzy set theory to deal with the vagueness of human beings' perceptions, and the DEMATEL method to form a structural model to find out the cause (influencing and independent) and effect (influenced and dependent) relationships among different strategies. The outcome of this study shows that ‘developing local production facilities for vaccines’, ‘creating extensive governmental policy to ensure efficient distribution of vaccines’, ‘ensuring sustainable investment in vaccine manufacturing and distribution’, ‘integrating advanced data analytics for robust and resilient demand prediction’ and ‘promoting public-private-people partnership for sustainable investment’ are the most prominent strategies. The findings provide stakeholders and policymakers with a practical framework for developing a sustainable VSC prepared for any virus outbreak, such as COVID-19, while also achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).     

城市经济发展中特色经济与集群经济的关系--兼论城市园区经济建设

特色经济与集群经济现在是城市经济发展过程中两个彰显的概念,二者从不同角度阐释了城市经济发展的基本要求.特色经济反映的是城市经济的质,而集群经济反映的是城市经济的量.没有特色的城市经济缺乏活力和竞争力,没有集群的特色经济则对城市经济的带动作用就微乎其微.二者的有机统一才是最具活力和竞争力的城市经济单元.