东京城市轨道交通的利弊及其借鉴意义

当代大城市公共交通主要分两大块组成,一块是轨道交通;一块是公共汽车交通。轨道交通又分成地下交通和地面交通(包括空中轨道交通)两大类。     

汉语"把字句"基于最简方案的思考

从乔姆斯基的最简方案入手,分析现代汉语中的“把字句”的主要特征,试图把“把字句”的研究与其他相关句式的研究结合起来而取得研究的统一性。汉语“把”具有相同的最大投射,即Larson提出的动词短语嵌套。汉语中的“把字句”研究只有和其他的相关句式结合起来,才能真正地对“把字句”的方方面面的疑难问题有所交代。     

公共投资对经济增长作用的滞延性研究——以公路建设为案例

为有效揭示公共投资对经济增长作用的滞延性,本文采用基于面板数据的向量自回归方法,建立三阶滞后PVAR模型,对中国31个省级单位1994～2004年的公路投资建设与经济增长关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,公路投资与经济增长之间的作用具有显著的滞延性;同时我们发现,二者之间的作用机制是复杂的、多重的和多样的,两者间的基本关系是"非对称互动关系"。在对二者滞延性进行深入分析的基础上,本文给出了二者之间的作用机制流程图,并对政府如何更好地进行公共投资决策提出了建议。     

网络问政：民意的舆论诉求与政府的规制供给

迅速成长的网络公共领域成为民意诉求的重要舆论阵地,＂网络问政＂成了信息时代政府汇集民智、了解民意、消解舆情以提升执政能力的重要形式。然而网络具有信息工具载体的属性决定＂网络问政＂只能对民主政治制度建设供给不足起到发现作用和对政府的廉政建设起到补充监督作用,网络舆情又会产生夸张放大效应且缺少有效的管理规制,由此影响政府的＂善＂治,甚至形成公共政策失误的管理陷阱。政府应当重视对网民＂问政＂的素质与能力培育,强化对网络秩序的监控与规制供给,完善对＂网络民意＂的政府应答机制。     

Customer positivity and participation in services: an empirical test in a health care context

Many service interactions require customers to actively participate, yet customers often do not participate at levels that optimize their outcomes, particularly in health care. To gain insight into how customers shape a service experience with highly uncertain outcomes, we construct a model on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. The model is used to empirically assess how situation-specific emotions and customer participation during a health care service experience affect perceptions of the service provider. The model is tested using data from 190 medical clinic customers. Consistent with theory, results reveal that as customers’ relative affect levels become more positive, levels of participation increase as well. In turn, higher levels of positivity and participation improve customer perceptions of the quality of the service provider and satisfaction with the co-produced service experience. Implications of this research focus managers on designing services to help clients manage their emotions in ways that facilitate positivity and participation and thus improve service perceptions.     

Expanding understanding of service exchange and value co-creation: a social construction approach

According to service-dominant logic (S-D logic), all providers are service providers, and service is the fundamental basis of exchange. Value is co-created with customers and assessed on the basis of value-in-context. However, the extensive literature on S-D logic could benefit from paying explicit attention to the fact that both service exchange and value co-creation are influenced by social forces. The aim of this study is to expand understanding of service exchange and value co-creation by complementing these central aspects of S-D logic with key concepts from social construction theories (social structures, social systems, roles, positions, interactions, and reproduction of social structures). The study develops and describes a new framework for understanding how the concepts of service exchange and value co-creation are affected by recognizing that they are embedded in social systems. The study contends that value should be understood as value-in-social-context and that value is a social construction. Value co-creation is shaped by social forces, is reproduced in social structures, and can be asymmetric for the actors involved. Service exchanges are dynamic, and actors learn and change their roles within dynamic service systems.     

我国运行PPP模式面临的问题及对策

PPP模式作为公共部门与私人企业合作的一种模式,可以有效地缓解基础设施建设资金紧张的状况,是一种基于双赢或多赢理念基础上而形成的模式,目前已被其他国家广泛采用。在我国推行公用事业市场化改革的背景下,该模式具有广阔的应用前景。本文分析了该模式在我国现实环境下面临的政策法规、风险、价格、合同、财务以及机构和人才等方面的问题,并为政府推进PPP模式的应用提供了相关的建议。     

新农村公共服务供给:问题与对策

党的十六届五中全会提出建设“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的社会主义新农村的商标与农村公共服务直接相关。农村公共服务隶属于公共产品的范畴,它不具备物质形态,是以信息、技术或劳务等服务形式表现出来的一种农村公共产品。目前我国农村地区公共产品供给总体严重不足、结构失衡,导致农村公共服务严重滞后,极大影响了我国农村地区的进一步发展,这与建设社会主义新农村的目标相去甚远。本文试图从这种差距分析中找到强化农村公共服务供给的对策。     

Service firms and customer loyalty programs: a regulatory fit perspective of reward preferences in a health club setting

In this paper, we examine the impact of various configurations of regulatory fit on the attitudes, exercise intentions and actual behavior of members of a health club loyalty program. Regulatory fit is conceptualized as both the match between types of program rewards and how they are communicated, as well as the congruence between reward types and regulatory focus as a stable, individual disposition. In two experimental designs, non-point reward programs offering a short-term cash bonus were used. The results of Study 1 suggest that regulatory fit has a positive impact on perceived value, exercise intentions and exercise intensity, but not on visit frequency. Analysis of repeated behavioral measures further reveals that regulatory fit has a stronger impact on exercise intensity over time relative to nonfit. Study 2 also confirms the predictive power of regulatory fit over nonfit when conceptualized as the match between reward type and trait regulatory focus.     

Investigating industry context effects in consumer-firm relationships: Preliminary results from a dispositional approach

Few, if any, past studies have attempted to develop a model to capture and explain industry context variability and hypothesize its effects on consumer-firm relationships. Generally, industry effects are ignored, described, or explained post hoc. Using the notion of consumers' dispositions toward a market, a framework is proposed for understanding the influence of industry context on consumer satisfaction, trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges. The empirical results of a survey in two service industries show that industry contexts matter and yield significant direct and moderating effects on consumer-firm relationships. The study underscores the promise of a dispositional approach for providing insights for the theory and practice of relationship marketing, resolvin goutstanding questions, and proposing fruitful areas for further examination. Edwin Nijssen, Ph.D., is a professor of marketing at the Nijmegen School of Management at the University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands. His research interest focuses on strategic and international marketing issues, relationship marketing, brand management, and new-product development. He has published inLong Range Planning, theJournal of Product Innovation Management, Technology Forecasting and Social Change, R&D Management, Industrial Marketing Management, and theJournal of International Marketing and has written several books on marketing strategy. Jagdip Singh, Ph.D., is a professor of marketing at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. His primary areas of research include consumer dissatisfaction and trust, measurement issues—including relationships between theoretical concepts and empirical observations— and the effectiveness of boundary role personnel. He has published in theJournal of Marketing, theAcademy of Management Journal, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Behavioral Research in Accounting, andManagement Science, among others. Deepak Sirdeshmukh, Ph.D., is a visiting assistant professor of marketing at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. His primary areas of research include consumer trust and consumer processing of brand information. He has published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and theJournal of Consumer Psychology, among others. Hartmut H. Holzmüeller, Ph.D., is a professor of marketing at the School of Business at Dortmund University, Germany. His research interests include cross-national consumer research and customer relationship marketing. Most of his work has been published in German. His articles also appeared in theJournal of International Marketing, Management International Review, andInternational Business Review.     

Unpacking the relationship between empowering leadership and service-oriented citizenship behaviors: a multilevel approach

Drawing on empowerment theory, this study examines the effect of empowering leadership on frontline employees’ service-oriented citizenship behaviors and the process by which this effect occurs. The authors conceptualize empowering leadership at two levels: individual level and group level. Using multi- and cross-level modeling based on multi-source data (frontline employees and their supervisors) from a national automobile dealership at two different time points, this study finds that group-level empowering leadership explains unique variance in service-oriented citizenship behaviors above and beyond what is explained by individual-level empowering leadership. Further, psychological empowerment and customer learning climate partially mediate the empowering leadership–service-oriented citizenship behaviors relationship at the individual and group levels, respectively. Finally, the results indicate that a climate for customer learning accentuates the positive effect of psychological empowerment on service-oriented citizenship behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for improving frontline employee’s service-oriented citizenship behaviors are discussed along with directions for future research.     

西方公共定价理论——发展脉络及最新进展

在私人部门经济中,令价格等于边际成本是最优定价法则。在公共部门经济中,由于公共产品的特殊性以及公共部门与国家之间的内在关系,直接将边际成本定价法作为公共部门最优定价法则受到了众多质疑。20世纪中后期,西方经济学界围绕最优公共定价理论展开了热烈的讨论,在经典的Ramsey-Boiteux法则的基础上,基于公平和效率两个目标,众多学者对最优公共定价机制进行了深入探讨。纵观西方公共定价理论的发展,呈现出以下过程:由现实中公共企业的扩张引发了学界对最优公共定价问题的关注,基于公平和效率的目标约束,该理论不断得到修正、完善,在融合各领域的最新研究的基础上,理论与现实的之间的距离不断被拉近。     

上市公司环境会计信息披露的目标导向：现状评析与质量改进

环境会计信息披露目标是沟通环境会计系统与现实会计环境的桥梁,是连接环境会计理论与环境信息披露实践的纽带,它关系到环境会计准则基本理论框架的构建以及未来环境会计实务的拓展。本文通过对受托责任目标导向与决策有用目标导向的冲突与融合进行了系统分析,确立了我国上市公司环境信息披露的目标导向应采用融合的观点。围绕这一目标,本文论述了目前我国上市公司环境会计信息披露的问题及其改进措施。     

高校体育与心理健康教育协同运作的效应与途径分析

心理健康教育是高等院校的重要教育内容,而体育教育对大学生的心理健康有着积极的影响和显著的效果。对高校体育与心理健康教育协同运作机制的研究,对于促进大学生的健康成长和发展具有深远的意义和重要的现实应用价值。     

Sustainable marketing,equity, and economic growth: a resource-advantage,economic freedom approach

Sustainable marketing may be viewed as marketing that is within, and supportive of, sustainable economic development. Peattie (The Marketing Review 2(2):129–146, 2001) maintains that sustainable economic development poses major challenges for marketing. These challenges concern futurity, equity, and needs/wants. This article focuses on the equity and needs/wants challenges of sustainable development and argues that public policies and programs (of wealthy nations, poor countries, or bodies such as the United Nations) can improve economic equity by promoting the economic growth of poor countries. Furthermore, it argues that a major reason why past efforts to promote the economic growth of poor countries have so often failed is that such (allegedly) pro-growth policies have been guided by an impoverished theory of economic growth. Specifically, this article (1) discusses the implications of sustainable development for marketing, (2) shows seven ways that sustainable marketing and resource-advantage (R-A) theory intersect, (3) argues that the cause of sustainable marketing is furthered by promoting economic growth, (4) identifies the two major, radically different, theories of economic growth: neoclassical, static-equilibrium growth theory and dynamic competition growth theory, (5) shows how the two theories make four radically different, testable predictions, and (6) reviews the empirical evidence concerning the four predictions. The article concludes that the equity and needs/wants challenges of sustainable development and the cause of sustainable development more generally can be addressed by poor nations pursuing economic growth, which in turn implies that public policy should focus not on increasing investment, but on institutions that favor economic freedom and dynamic competition.     

美国公共服务民营化的实践与战略演变

从20世纪80年代以来,美国和许多其他西方国家一样,对公共服务的供给和生产进行了民营化改革,并且在运用民营化的战略和方法方面具有了相当成熟的经验。基于此,本文比较系统地考察了近三十年来美国地方政府的各种民营化措施以及作为民营化主要形式的服务外包方式的演进,并探讨了公共服务外包管理艺术的发展,以期获得某些经验性的结论和启示。     

公共卫生与传染病防治:挑战和对策

公共卫生(public health)也指公众卫生,它涵盖疾病预防、健康促进、提高生命质量等所有和公众健康有关的内容。在传统的公共卫生领域,传染病防治是最为重要的内容。随着社会经济发展,公共卫生的范围也正变得越来越广泛,如以不合理的饮食结构、不良生活方式和不良行为的增加引发的慢性非传染性疾病,以空气、水源、噪声、化学性污染等环境危害引发的健康问题,甚至以自杀、交通事故等为主的伤害也正上升为公共卫生问题。但是,公共卫生的外延不管如何扩     

重庆市基本公共服务均等化水平测度的实证研究

运用重庆市2006—2016年38个区县的统计数据,从基础教育、医疗卫生和社会保障三个方面选取15个指标构建基本公共服务水平综合评价指标体系,运用TOPSIS熵值法客观评价重庆市38个区县的基本公共服务,采用基尼系数测度各个指标和重庆市总体的基本公共服务均等化水平。研究结果表明:重庆市基本公共服务均等化水平呈现上升趋势,但是相对于我国一线城市来讲,其总体的基本公共服务均等化水平还是处于较低的位置。从各二级指标分析,社会保障的均等化水平最高;医疗卫生次之,但是基尼系数仍高达0.3;基础教育的均等化水平最低,特别是师生比方面严重影响基础教育的均等化水平。     

政府审计治理公共责任机会主义:定位、路径和需要研究的问题

机会主义就是代理人在履行其责任时偏离委托人的期望.公共责任承担者都是代理人,他们在履行公共责任的过程中可能偏离委托人的期望,从而出现财务机会主义、权力机会主义和职能机会主义.委托人预期到这些机会主义行为,会建立由制衡机制、激励机制和监督机制组合起来的治理机制.政府审计是监督机制的组成部分,在公共治理构造中有两种定位:批判性定位和建设性定位.治理财务机会主义的主要路径是财务合规性审计,治理权力机会主义的主要路径是业务合规性审计,治理职能机会主义的主要路径是绩效审计,也可以开展针对个人或单位开展综合审计,以综合治理各类机会主义行为.