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Using information on 1045 pairs of Japanese monozygotic twins, we examined differences in education by considering both the years of schooling (quantity) and the reputation of the last attended school (quality). We found that a difference in learning performance at 15 years of age is one of the key factors determining the differences. We also found that a female eldest child in the family from the 1950s and 1960s birth cohorts averaged 0.54 years less schooling than did her ‘younger’ twin. However, for the same birth cohorts, a male eldest child in the family generally had access to higher‐quality education than his ‘younger’ twin. Nonetheless, as the Japanese economy matured in the 1970s and thereafter, educational differences between twins disappeared, regardless of gender and sibling order. 相似文献
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Claudio Bravo-Ortega 《World development》2011,39(7):1090-1107
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Erik Canton 《De Economist》2007,155(4):449-468
Summary This paper presents new evidence on the social returns to education within a macroeconomic growth regression framework. I
use improved schooling data and a macro version of the Mincer relationship between education and wages for individual workers.
The results suggest that an increase by one year of the average education level of the labor force would increase labor productivity
by 7–10% in the short run and by 11–15% in the long run. Some evidence is found for the presence of dynamic human capital
spillovers: the human capital stock increases prospective economic growth. The empirical results are used to quantify the
macroeconomic impact of skill upgrading as agreed upon in the European Union’s Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs. Finally,
the paper discusses discrepancies between private and social returns to education.
I would like to thank two referees, Dinand Webbink, Peter Wobst, and participants of the brown bag lunch seminar series at
the Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General of the European Commission for helpful comments. Views expressed are my own,
and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the European Commission or the CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy
Analysis. 相似文献
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教育作为人力资本形成的主要因素直接影响个体收入,但对欠发达地区流动人口收入差距的影响鲜有研究。基于2014年云南省流动人口动态监测调查数据,采用工具变量法纠正内生性估计偏误后,分位数回归结果显示,教育收益率显著为正,但随着收入水平条件分位点的提高,教育收益率呈现“U型”变化。即尽管教育扩张能够提升收入整体水平,并不能有效改善收入差距,最终将导致“均值高、方差大”的“二元分配格局”。这意味着仅仅依靠增加教育经费实现的教育扩张并不能有效改善流动人口的收入差距,而应谋求由注重速度和规模的外延式扩张向注重质量和差别对待的内涵式扩张转变。 相似文献
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Juin‐Jen Chang Huei‐chung Lu Hsueh‐fang Tsai 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2015,11(3):329-345
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打工经济是农民增收的重要成分,但对农村经济社会存在着较为严重的负面影响。本研究根据我国解决“三农”问题的要求,立足于增强农业综合生产能力,提出积极引导打工经济返乡创业的对策。 相似文献
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目前很少有企业真正考虑培训投资到底会给企业带来多大的经济价值。本文将首先对培训有效性进行介绍 ,然后从经济价值的角度 ,介绍和分析了培训有效性的几种评估模型 ,并着重阐述了效用分析模型 ,并对其中的难点问题进行了相关探讨。 相似文献
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教育水平将直接反映在区域经济可持续性发展竞争力的差异上。研究教育投入对区域经济增长的贡献,能为区域的教育发展及经济政策的制订提供更为科学及有效的依据。论题基于投入产出生产函数建立的思路,构建教育经济函数模型,以漳州市历年的相关数据,对漳州市改革开放以来教育投入与经济增长之间进行定量的线性回归分析,结论是:应把教育投入视为未来漳州推动区域经济持续增长的第一要素给予高度重视。并针对漳州目前现状问题提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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对农村合作经济组织作用的再思考——基于社会资本的视角 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农村劳动力回流是因为在城市中社会资本匮乏无法在城市立足,但是回到农村有了社会资本,光靠单个的农田生产和创业经济条件却又无法得到改善。农村合作经济组织正好能够满足回流的农村外出劳动力在修复社会资本和改善经济条件两方面的要求。 相似文献
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报酬递增是技术集聚形成的一种重要机制,这种机制可以通过空间经济学的模型予以严格的解释。经典的迪克西特与斯蒂格利茨模型(DS模型)有着企业数量趋于无限大的假定,杨小凯与海吉拉模型(YH模型)放弃了这个假定但没有考虑不同部门之间的工资差别。本文对YH模型进行了拓展,建立了一个包含部门工资差别的报酬递增模型,具有更强的现实解释力。 相似文献
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Several recent studies make use of cross-country data to examine the relationship between a country's sacrifice ratio and the extent to which its central bank is insulated from political influence. These studies report a positive correlation between these two variables. However, these studies employ econometric methodologies that do not account for the measurement error which contaminates their proxies for central bank independence. This paper makes use of an alternative econometric methodology, one that does account for this measurement error, and finds a strong negative relationship between the sacrifice ratio and Central Bank independence. 相似文献
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基于云南1980—2019年时间序列数据,在能源、资本和劳动三要素C-D生产函数框架下,利用Johansen协整检验、向量误差修正模型、Granger因果检验等定量分析工具,对能源消费与经济增长的短期和长期关系进行实证检验。结果表明:二者存在相互促进的长期均衡关系,而短期不存在因果关系,说明云南经济结构优化向好,能源依赖度低;此外存在纠偏机制,误差修正项对能源消费的调整速度显著快于对实际GDP的调整速度,说明云南能源产业具有良好的自我调节功能。最后指出云南能源产业今后的发展重点是加快建立系统整合的能源-经济决策架构,同时政府应着力营造稳定的宏观经济环境。 相似文献
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To measure real income growth over time, a price index is needed to adjust for changes in the cost of living. The consumer price index (CPI) is often used for this task; but several country studies show that it is a biased measure of such changes, leading to potentially inaccurate estimates of the rate of real income growth. This paper calculates CPI bias for urban Indonesia by estimating food Engel curves for households with the same level of CPI-deflated incomes at four different points in time between 1993 and 2008. The results suggest that CPI bias was negative during the 1997–98 crisis but has been positive since 2000. From 1993 to 2008, CPI bias averaged 4% annually, equivalent to almost one-third of the measured inflation rate. 相似文献
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传统行政区划主要考虑的是政治的因素。改革开放以来,这些行政区的经济功能十分突出和明显,由此产生了一些问题。经济全球化的过程中,经济区域发展要求突破行政区划的束缚,走出一条区域联合之路。立足行政区划,并且超越行政区划是经济发展的可行之路。 相似文献
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安徽省人力资源状况与经济发展关系的实证分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
文章通过构建回归模型,分析了安徽省人力资源与经济发展之间的关系。实证结论表明高素质人力资源对于经济增长具有较大促进作用,所以,需要通过加大教育投入、建设人才环境进一步开发安徽省人力资源从而促进经济快速发展。 相似文献