Teaching Business Ethics in Africa: What Ethical Orientation? The Case of East and Central Africa

This paper starts off from what seems to be a difficulty of ethics in African Business today. For several years now Transparency International has placed some African countries high on its list of most corrupt countries of the world. The conclusion one draws from this assessment is that either African culture has no regard or concern for ethics, or that there has been a gradual loss of the concept of the ethical and the moral in contemporary African society. Equally problematic is the teaching and promotion of Business ethics in organizations. Western philosophical theories and systems alone have not succeeded in providing access to ethical life of people in modern Africa. This paper is an attempt to inject an orientation that takes into account African manners and customs, their religious convictions and their understanding of the world as a whole, in the teaching of Business Ethics. East and Central Africa have been selected due to their common lingua franca, Kiswahili, and the fact that the author has more teaching experience within that region.     

Regional dimensions of structural adjustment in West Africa

Structural adjustment programmes and regional integration schemes have been pursued simultaneously in West Africa for about a decade now, yet no serious systematic effort has been made by any agency or donor to explore effective ways in which the two might be interwoven and made mutually reinforcing. Professor Ezenwe examines the interrelationships and apparent conflicts between these two development strategies.     

Exploring consumer ethics in Ghana,West Africa

Consumer ethics is a growing area of research that focused almost exclusively on consumers in the United States and, to a lesser degree, Europe and Asia. In this paper, we introduce an African element to the consumer ethics discourse by drawing on survey responses from over 300 Ghanaian consumers to explore their ethical beliefs and judgements. We analysed these data using regression techniques. Our findings show that Ghanaian consumers exhibit lower levels of ethics compared with their America counterparts, especially when the unethical actions facilitate the achievement of their goals. While Ghanaian consumers recognize the value of moral rules, they are prone to suspending their ethical positions as they deem necessary in a particular context. Implications for marketing strategy and future research are discussed.     

Trade and growth in West Africa in the 1980s

The classical school regards international trade as the main engine of growth. But modern empirical studies have failed to show any simple and generally consistent correlation between foreign trade statistics and macro-economic aggregates such as savings, Investment, consumption and growth¹. The more generally accepted view is that development through trade where it occurred was partly the consequence of favourable internal environment. What are the prospects for growth through trade in West Africa in the 1980s?     

深拓西亚非洲机电市场

西亚非洲地区幅员广大,总面积约3443万平方公里,包括72个国家和地区,总人口超过9亿。2002年该地区外贸额约6216亿美元,占全球外贸总额的5％,GDP总额11288亿美元,约占全球GDP总额的4％。 这一地区国家与我国政治上长期友好,经贸关系也进入了快速、全面、稳定的发展阶段。西亚非洲地区国家自身的经济发展不平衡,差距明显,只有以     

Entrepôt Trade and Smuggling in West Africa: Benin,Togo and Nigeria

Official trade statistics indicate very little intra‐African trade, but this is often because of the prevalence of unrecorded trade, particularly smuggling. This paper explores smuggling from Benin and Togo into Nigeria. Nigeria has very high import tariffs and bans on certain products. Togo and Benin have deliberately maintained low import barriers to facilitate an Entrepôt role vis‐à‐vis Nigeria and land‐locked Sahelian countries. Togo competes at a geographic disadvantage relative to Benin for access to the Nigerian market and compensates with lower transit taxes. The volume and composition of cross‐border trade is analysed using data obtained from Benin and Togo customs authorities, as well as interviews with traders and customs officials in both countries. Benin and to a lesser extent Togo are the origin of a very large volume of transshipment of precisely those products which are heavily protected in Nigeria, such as used cars, cloth and rice. It is common knowledge in Benin and Togo that these imports, although declared for domestic consumption or transit to other countries, are in fact overwhelmingly intended for Nigeria. Smuggling is a major source of income and employment in Benin and Togo, but provides a fragile and unreliable foundation for economic development.     

The Black Sea economic cooperation zone

The political changes in eastern Europe have opened up new opportunities for trade among the countries surrounding the Black Sea, and especially between the former socialist countries and Turkey, the country with the longest Black Sea coastline. The following article describes the present stage of economic cooperation reached by the countries concerned and analyzes the prospects for the future.     

The structure of German trade with Africa

The structure of Germany’s trade with Africa differs substantially from the general pattern of its foreign trade relations. But there is a further pecullarity in this trade. Each of the African countries concerned has a very specific importance as a trading partner. The following article reviews the characteristic features of African-German trade relations.     

西方投资理论及其新发展

西方投资理论发展至今经历了三个主要阶段：第一阶段,以20世纪30年代凯恩斯的宏观经济学革命为标志;第二阶段,以20世纪60年代第一、二次华尔街革命为标志;第三阶段,20世纪80年代后的近几十年,关于投资的理论在微观领域内迅疾发展,＂行为心理学＂、＂博弈论＂的思想被移植到投资研究的领域内,使以往经典的＂完全市场＂和＂理性人＂的假设被颠覆,投资理论的研究自此又翻开了新的一页。     

The labour situation in South Africa

The following article examines the situation of the black workers in South Africa from the legal and institutional points of view and describes what their situation is like in practice.     

西部大开发的国际借鉴与启示

世界其他国家对欠发达地区的开发过程,为我国西部大开发提供了许多有益的经验和需要吸取的 教训。通过这些国际借鉴,我国西部大开发可以避免走一些不必要的弯路,甚至能手求到事半功倍的捷径。     

浅析动漫在西点设计运用

民以食为天,西点作为烹饪一种饮食已成为饮食文化中独特机体成分。随着经济的发展,创新技术变化,思维多元化,人类的饮食状态逐渐从吃饱求生存发展到吃好求健康,如今延伸更多追求可观欣赏性。西点作为其中一个饮食元素。在时代发展下,烹饪西点走向多样化,艺术化。     

The World Is Watching: Polaroid and South Africa

This article examines the Polaroid Corporation’s "experiment"in South Africa during the 1970s, which began after AfricanAmerican workers pressured the company to pull its operationsout of South Africa in protest of the white minority government’sapartheid policies. It argues that Polaroid’s initiatives,little studied until now, led other American companies to questiontheir presence in South Africa and inspired both student divestmentmovements at Harvard and other colleges and universities andthe efforts of Leon Sullivan, whose 1977 "Sullivan Principles"urged American companies to treat their workers in South Africaas they would treat their counterparts in the United Statesin an effort to battle racism and apartheid. Despite Polaroid’sefforts, engagement with South Africa and apartheid proved futile,which initiated a larger movement to completely disengage fromSouth Africa.