欧元区债务危机的原因与启示

近1年来,欧元区希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙等国相继爆发债务危机,欧元区解决危机的措施和行动效果不佳,欧洲主权债务问题不断升温。本文从欧元区各国社会经济发展模式的差异以及欧元区统一货币政策与分散财政政策的矛盾等角度,揭示欧债危机蔓延及欧央行救援行动难以奏效的原因,总结梳理欧债危机对我国的启示,提出我国应对主权债...     

主权债务危机向欧元区银行体系传导的机制分析

随着主权债务危机的进一步恶化,欧元区政府的流动性危机正逐步转变成银行体系的流动性危机。欧元区沉重的债务负担为区内银行体系大量持有主权债务埋下了伏笔,同时伴随着银行业不合理的资金来源结构以及"对手方风险",很容易引起银行体系的流动性危机。爱尔兰危机的爆发,正是主权债务危机向银行体系蔓延的集中表现。     

欧洲主权债务危机的成因分析

在2008年金融危机的背景下,希腊等欧元区国家相继爆发了主权债务危机,欧洲乃至全球的经济受到了严重的影响,因此欧洲主权债务危机问题引起了广泛关注。本文结合前人已有的研究,从危机发生国的内部过度举债、产业结构不合理和欧元区制度不合理与外部2008年全球金融危机的冲击和国际评级机构的推泼助澜两个角度来分析造成欧洲主权债务危机的原因。     

荷兰：“风车王国”的经济之痛

欧元区外围国家发生的危机通常被视为偶然性事件,但如果一向遵守欧盟纪律的荷兰爆发危机,意味着欧洲主权债务危机蔓延至核心国家,同时也表明欧元区存在系统性问题,届时欧元恐凶多吉少     

欧洲银行业危机的演变

巨大的资本金缺口、持续萎缩的银行间流动性以及对欧洲经济陷入衰退的担忧,使得欧洲银行业前景仍在恶化自2009年12月希腊爆发主权债务危机以来,欧元区银行体系的脆弱性逐步暴露。主权债务危机逐步     

假如希腊退出欧元区对中国的影响及对策

2009年10月希腊主权债务危机爆发,这成为整个欧洲主权债务危机的导火索,这场危机愈演愈烈,并对中国的人民币国家化、控制通货膨胀和国际贸易等都带来了不小的影响。本文旨在论述希腊退出欧元区对中国的影响,并提出相应对策。     

浅析欧洲主权债务危机爆发的原因

美国金融危机的持续深化,经济结构失衡的希腊爆发了债务危机。由于欧元区体制上的缺陷和外部影响,欧洲主权债务危机引发全球广泛关注。     

欧债危机全解读

欧债危机已演化为欧元区一场全面的经济、金融和政治危机,并正对世界经济产生重要影响2009年12月爆发的希腊主权债务危机被认为是此次欧洲债务危机的起点。事实上,早在2008年雷曼兄弟倒闭不久、金融海啸达到高潮之时,欧洲的主权债务问题就已拉响警报。北欧小国冰岛曾濒临     

基于技术效率视角的欧元区国家主权债务危机原因分析

本文主要从技术效率的角度分析欧债危机爆发的原因。本文首先回顾已有文献对于欧债危机的原因分析,然后测度了欧元区国家的技术效率,最后实证检验了技术效率对欧元区国家主权债务的影响。研究表明,欧元区国家技术效率差异明显,法国和德国等国家的技术效率相对较高,而爆发主权债务危机的希腊、意大利、葡萄牙以及西班牙的技术效率相对较低,位列欧元区国家最后几名;技术效率的下降会加重政府公共债务比重。首先,技术效率加剧了经济发展不平衡程度。其次,经济水平发展比较低的国家在货币一体化下倾向于发债或向其他国家政府或机构借款。最后,随着公共债务占GDP比重的不断攀升,最终引发主权债务危机。     

希腊主权债务危机的成因与影响

日益严重的希腊主权债务危机将希腊推向了欧元区主权债务问题的风口浪尖,由此也形成了影响欧元区稳定运行的严峻挑战。该文基于国际金融危机对希腊经济与财政运行状况的影响,分析了引起希腊主权债务危机的成因及解决途径,指出解决希腊主权债务危机除了希腊自身的努力外,依然需要国际社会尤其是欧盟的援助。从全球的角度看,其他经济体的主权债务问题也同样值得警惕和重视。     

Modelling correlation dynamics of EMU sovereign debt markets during the recent turmoil

The purpose of the present study is to explicitly model the correlation dynamics of Eurozone sovereign debt markets. Our analysis runs from 2000 through 2014. Time varying correlations are derived from a dynamic conditional correlation GARCH model (t-cDCC model). We document substantial variability in correlations that is time and region-dependent. Evidence suggests that the Lehman collapse coupled with the German banks’ bailout programme and the events that followed have undermined sovereign debt integration. Moreover, sensitivity analysis provides useful insights that global and regional risk factors play pivotal role in explaining correlation structure both before and after the onset of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis. We believe that our results entail important implications for market authorities, international fixed income portfolio diversification and asset allocation.     

Linkages between Indian and US financial markets: impact of global financial crisis and Eurozone debt crisis

This paper examines inter-linkages between Indian and US equity, foreign exchange and money markets using the vector autoregressive-multivariate GARCH-BEKK framework. We investigate the impact of global financial crisis (GFC) and Eurozone debt crisis (EZDC) on the conditional volatility and conditional correlation estimates derived from the multivariate GARCH model for Indian and US financial markets. Our results indicate that there is significant bidirectional causality-in-mean between the Indian stock market returns and the Rs./USD market returns, and significant unidirectional causality-in-mean from the US stock market returns to the Indian stock market returns. As regards volatility spillovers, we find that volatility in the Indian stock market rises in response to domestic as well as US financial market shocks but Indian financial market shocks do not impact the US markets. Further, impact of the recent crisis episodes on the covariance matrix is found to be significant. We find that volatility in the Indian and US financial markets significantly amplified during GFC. The conditional correlations across asset markets were significantly accentuated in the wake of the two crisis episodes. The impact of GFC on cross-market conditional correlations is higher for majority of the asset market pairs in comparison to the EZDC.     

Dynamic spillover effects in futures markets: UK and US evidence

Previous studies on spillover effects in futures markets have so far confined themselves to static analyses. In this study, we use a newly introduced spillover index to examine dynamic spillovers between spot and futures markets volatilities, volume of futures trading and open interest in the UK and the US. Based on a dataset over the period February 25, 2008 to March 14, 2013, that encompasses both the global financial crisis and the Eurozone debt crisis, we find that spot and futures volatilities in the UK (US) are net receivers (net transmitters) of shocks to volume of futures trading and open interest. The analysis also sheds light on the dynamic interdependence of spot and futures markets volatilities between the US and the UK. Specifically, the spot and futures volatility spillovers between the UK and US markets are of bidirectional nature, however, they are affected by major economic events such as the global financial and Eurozone debt crises. Several robustness checks endorse our main findings. Overall, these results have important implications for various market participants and financial sector regulators.     

欧洲主权债务危机演进及对中资银行的启示

受全球金融危机的持续影响和欧元区制度问题的激化,欧洲主权债务危机呈愈演愈烈之势,逐步从边缘国家扩散至核心国家,并从主权债务危机向银行业危机演化。目前,欧元区重债国采取的财务整顿政策难以在短期发挥缩减赤字的作用,反而加大复苏风险;对重债国援助资金总量有限,其发放门槛徒增短期违约风险;欧洲央行购买国债虽有利于缓解危机恶化,但量化宽松的政策与其控制通胀的设立宗旨存在矛盾。在此背景下,中资银行应调整涉欧资产配置,进一步加强国别风险研究和管理,积极稳健地推进国际化经营,打造资产、业务和经营地域多元化的国际化银行。     

Volatility spillovers and hedging effectiveness between the oil market and Eurozone sectors: A tale of two crises

This paper aims to analyze the mean and volatility spillovers between oil prices and the Eurozone supersector returns. It uses daily data of the Brent prices and 19 Eurozone supersector indices for the period from August 2004 to August 2015. This area experienced two important instabilities in that period, the global financial crisis (GFC) and the Euro debt crisis (EDC). Because financial turbulences are suspected to induce changes in the volatility dynamics, the full sample is divided into three sub-samples. Empirically, this study employs a bivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model that allows for transmission in volatility. The obtained volatilities and covariances are used to compute the optimal weights and hedge ratios for oil–stock portfolio holdings. The findings show that both mean and volatility spillovers between the oil market and the different Eurozone sectors are time-varying and heterogeneous. In the GFC sub-period, there is evidence of contagion effects because there is an intensification of volatility spillovers. The EDC does not seem to have induced any particular change in the spillover effects. The optimal weights, hedge ratios, and correlation analysis results allow an accurate understanding of the time series relationship between the two markets and are useful for financial market participants and policymakers.     

Sudden stops and liability dollarization: Evidence from Asia's financial intermediaries

Before the currency crisis of 1997–1998, East Asian financial intermediaries borrowed heavily in international markets. During the crisis, the intermediaries' stock market value declined sharply, and a sizable fraction of the institutions were closed or nationalized. We investigate how the short-term and the foreign-currency nature of the intermediaries' international borrowing contributed to these outcomes. From the impact of long-term international debt on the stock returns of surviving intermediaries, we observe the negative effects of the foreign-currency nature of international debt (liability dollarization). From the impact of short-term international debt on the likelihood of firm failure and on the size of surviving intermediaries' assets and liabilities, we observe the negative effects of the short-term nature of international debt (sudden stops).     

Exchange market pressure and absorption by international reserves: Emerging markets and fear of reserve loss during the 2008–2009 crisis

This paper evaluates how the global financial crisis emanating from the U.S. was transmitted to emerging markets. Our focus is on the extent that the crisis caused external market pressures (EMP), and whether the absorption of the shock was mainly through exchange rate depreciation or the loss of international reserves. Controlling for variety of factors associated with EMP, we find clear evidence that emerging markets with higher total foreign liabilities, including short- and long-term debt, equities, FDI and derivative products—had greater exposure and were much more vulnerable to the financial crisis. Countries with large balance sheet exposure – high external portfolio liabilities exceeding international reserves—absorbed the global shock by allowing greater exchange rate depreciation and comparatively less reserve loss. Despite the remarkable buildup of international reserves by emerging markets during the period prior to the financial crisis, countries relied primarily on exchange rate deprecation rather than reserve loss to absorb most of the exchange market pressure shock. This could reflect a deliberate choice (“fear of reserve loss”) or market actions that caused very rapid exchange rate adjustment, especially in emerging markets with open capital markets, overwhelming policy actions.     

全球证券交易所并购风潮及对我国的启示

文章针对危机后全球出现的新一轮证券交易所并购浪潮，分析了本轮交易所并购风潮的特点，认为主要包括追求规模效应的内部驱动力、大国经济博弈的外部推动力，及资本流动需求的客观要求等。文章随后分析了本轮证交所全球并购对交易所业务的影响和对中国交易所发展的启示，指出需提升对资本市场发展重要性的认识和危机意识，应重点增进大中华地区资本市场的合作等。     

Financial contagion effects of major crises in African stock markets

This study examines financial contagion effects in African stock markets during major crises over the period 2005 to 2020. We investigate contagion effects in individual stock markets and from a regional perspective using dynamic conditional correlations during the global financial crisis, European debt crisis, Brexit, and COVID-19. The empirical evidence confirms contagion effects in some individual markets. However, significant evidence of contagion is found only during the global financial crisis from the regional perspective. Our findings suggest that the regional impacts of crises differ due to the nature of those crises. We also find financial contagion increases in the country-level risk, market capitalization and export to GDP and decreases in corruption.     

次贷危机下美国和全球股市之联动

本文选用NADCC-EGARCH模型研究了次贷危机影响下全球主要股票市场的反应,并捕捉到欧亚五个股市同美国股市联动关系的变化过程。实证显示,由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机造成了全球股票市场不同程度的动荡,出现熊市迹象。美国同全球股市间的联动关系在危机扩散后存在结构性变化,且欧洲、日本等成熟市场与美国市场的联动关系受美国股市负面消息的影响较大。中国虽受到一定程度的冲击,但是国内股票市场结构相对稳定。