入世背景下的中国基金业

中国证券投资基金业的发展 中国投资基金的发展以1997年11月14日国务院证券委员会发布<证券投资基金管理暂行办法>为界限,分成两个阶段,此前为"老基金"时期,此后为"新基金"时期即规范化的证券投资基金时期.     

独立与制衡:证券投资基金托管人法律地位的重构

证券投资基金以集合投资方式进行专业理财并分散投资人的风险,日益成为大众投资的主渠道。依据《证券投资基金法》和《信托法》的相关规定,我国证券投资基金属于契约型信托基金,由基金份额持有人、基金管理人、基金托管人三方当事人通过信托契约构建。"托管"是我国证券投资基金立法的创新,既包括国外"保管",又通过"受托",涵盖更为广泛的外延。《证券投资基金法》第三章专门规定基金托管人,其中第25条明确规定,"基金托管人由依法设立并取得基金托管资格的商业银行担任",2004年证监会、银监会联合颁布《证券投资基金托管资格管理办法》。     

我国证券投资基金的发展历程回顾

证券投资基金是适应证券市场发展和专业化理财服务日益增长的需求而产生的.发达国家的基金业历史证明,公募证券投资基金专业理财体现了社会分工的发展趋势,其组合投资运作模式符合现代投资理念与金融发展规律.中国证券投资基金的发展历程表明,基金的发展与壮大,有利于推动证券市场的健康发展和金融体系的健全完善.     

关于我国证券投资基金信息披露研究

对证券投资基金的信息披露,不仅是实现对证券投资基金的有效监管、保护证券投资基金份额持有人利益,也是维持金融市场乃至整个社会稳定和谐的必要手段。现阶段,为加快我国证券投资基金发展,我们需要进一步深刻理解证券投资基金信息披露的内涵,认识我国证券投资基金信息披露的意义,了解我国证券投资基金信息披露的现状及存在的问题,完善我国证券投资基金信息披露,以促进我国证券投资基金的健康发展。     

从三方面谈证券投资基金与商业银行的相互关系

第一,从金融制度上,证券投资基金将发展成一种与银行、保险相并行的金融创新制度.在证券投资基金发展历史上,人们对证券投资基金的认识经历了由"资本集合体"到"投资与融资方式"进而发展到"金融创新制度"三个阶段.     

证券投资基金关联交易监管研究

本文从证券投资基金交易涉及的三个主要关系人及其法律地位入手分析,引出证券投资基金交易中的重要问题--关联交易问题.在对英美法系国家(地区)及大陆法系国家(地区)对证券投资基金关联交易监管的对比和简要分析的基础上,本文对我国证券投资基金关联交易的监管方式进行了探讨,提出对证券投资基金关联交易可采用"放手"式监管方式,并从事前、事中和事后不同角度提出了相关制度建设建议.     

基金持股、信息披露与股价同步性 ——基于操纵性行为的调节效应

相比较发达国家的资本市场,我国资本市场的股价同步性问题尤其严重.通过研究证券投资基金持股对股价同步性的影响及其作用机制发现:一是证券基金持股能够显著降低股价同步性;二是证券基金持股提高了信息披露质量,进而降低了股价同步性;三是控股股东操纵性程度越高,证券投资基金持股对股价同步性降低作用越显著.因此,证券投资基金能稳定资本市场,提高市场定价效率.应提高基金在资本市场市场参与度,鼓励"用手投票"参与治理.     

证券投资基金公司风险管理探析

本文从我国证券投资基金业风险管理现状入手,揭示我国证券投资基金业在风险管理方面存在的问题和制度安排的缺陷,对进一步加强证券投资基金业风险管理和提高证券投资基金业风险管理能力做了深入研究。目前证券投资基金业正蓬勃发展。然而,证券投资造成的亏损破产事件也是层出不穷,这些事实使人们意识到风险管理是基金公司赖以生存的先决条件。如何对日益复杂的风险进行良好的管理和控制是我国基金投资公司进一步发展面临的重大问题。     

证券投资基金公司风险管理探析

本文从我国证券投资基金业风险管理现状入手,揭示我国证券投资基金业在风险管理方面存在的问题和制度安排的缺陷,对进一步加强证券投资基金业风险管理和提高证券投资基金业风险管理能力做了深入研究。目前证券投资基金业正蓬勃发展。然而,证券投资造成的亏损破产事件也是层出不穷,这些事实使人们意识到风险管理是基金公司赖以生存的先决条件。如何对日益复杂的风险进行良好的管理和控制是我国基金投资公司进一步发展面临的重大问题。     

浅析证券投资基金的作用

证券投资基金是证券市场发展的必然产物,也是一种重要的金融创新,在发达国家已有上百年的历史。目前,1865年英国成立的"海外及殖民地政府信托基金"(The Foreignand Colonial Trust)被人们看作是最早的基金。中国基金业起步于20世纪80年代,1992年11月成立的淄博乡镇企业投资基金(简称"淄博基金")是我国境内第一家较为规范的投资基金。证券投资基金具有独特的制度优势,对金融市场和经济发展的作用日益突出。因此,正确认识我国证券投资基金,对拓宽投资者的投资渠道,缓解企业融资困难,维护证券市场的稳定和健康发展,完善社会保障体系等方面有着积极的作用。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.