住宅抵押贷款证券化在中国

我国住宅抵押贷款的历史发展与现状 谈及住宅抵押贷款证券化．必须首先对中国住宅抵押贷款的状况进行了解。我国房地产行业的历史非常短暂，在1988年以前．宪法第十条第四款规定“任何组织或者个人不得侵占、买卖，出租或者以其他形式非法转让土地”．直到1988年4月12日．第七届全国人大一次会议通过宪法修正案．将原条款修改为”任何组织或者个人不得侵占，买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。土地的使用权可以依照法律的规定转让”．这才为我国房地产行业的发展扫平了最大的障碍。同年．第一次住房制度改革工作会议召开。1990年5月19日．国务院发布了《城镇国有土地使用权出让和转让暂行条例》和《外商投资开发经营成片土地暂行管理办法》．为土地资源的商品化提出了具体的法律根据。     

住宅抵押贷款证券化中的逆向选择研究

住宅抵押贷款证券化就是银行将缺乏流动性的长期住宅抵押贷款所形成的信贷资产从资产负债表中剥离出来,形成贷款组合,卖给从事抵押贷款证券化业务机构的特殊目的公司,从该目标公司取得出售抵押贷款的资金,然后,由特殊目标公司以这些资产作为抵押发行资产抵押证券,再由二级市场的中介机构即承销商将这些证券化的抵押贷款销售给投资者,从最终投资者处获得销售资金.     

住宅抵押贷款证券化实施的必要性及条件

一、住宅抵押贷款证券化运作机理 住宅抵押贷款证券化指金融机构从银行购买抵押贷款，将其以抵押贷款债券方式出售给投资者，投资者凭债券获得组合现金流权益收益的过程。     

美国住宅抵押贷款证券化的运作与发展

住宅抵押贷款证券化,是指银行将其持有的住宅抵押贷款债权转让给一家专业机构,该机构通过一定的形式将债权重新组合,并以此为基础,在资本市场上发行证券的一种融资行为。这一行为过程的实质,是将银行的贷款资产,在资本市场上转化为再流动资金。美国住宅抵押贷款的证券化动作是最为典型的。本试对此予以简要介绍,以对我国目前正在酝酿和设计的住宅抵押贷款的证券化,有所借鉴和启迪。     

我国实行住宅抵押贷款证券化的初步分析

住宅抵押贷款证券化实现了提高金融产品质量、信用等级和分散风险的目的,加快了住宅间接融资机制向市场直接融资和结构性融资的转化。必须构筑资产证券化所需要的法律框架,确保住房贷款证券化在规范化、法制化的良性轨道上顺利实施。     

从住宅抵押贷款证券化实施看市场欠缺

住房抵押贷款证券化是银行等金融机构对住房抵押贷款进行的包装组合，是将一定数量的在贷款期限、利率、抵押房产类型等方面具备共性的抵押贷款汇集重组成抵押组群，经过担保和信用加强，以发行债券的方式（包括抵押债券及由抵押贷款支持、担保的各种证券）出售给投资的融资过程。     

我国住房抵押贷款证券化问题探讨

本文从我国住房抵押市场的发展、投资需求以及证券市场的发展角度分析了我国实施住房抵押贷款证券化的可行性及实施中存在的障碍,并提出了我国住房抵押贷款证券化的设计思路。     

住房抵押贷款证券化中的宏观收益分析

本文对我国政府在住房抵押贷款证券化中的宏观社会收益和成本进行分析和比较,并对政府在制度创新中的地位与作用进行了研究与探讨。     

房地产证券化与我国房地产业的发展

房地产证券化的内涵 ,既包含房地产抵押债权转化为可转让的有价证券 ,也包含房地产所有权直接投资转化为具有变现性的有价证券。房地产证券化后 ,会对我国房地产业的持续发展起推动作用。作者指出了我国房地产证券化过程中的障碍因素 ,提出了相应的对策     

美日英三国房地产证券化的主要模式

本文介绍了美国、日本、英国房地产证券化的主要运作模式 ,并从培育投资主体及中介机构、建立健全法律法规、营造外部环境、培养专业人才等四个方面 ,对推动我国房地产证券化的启动提出了建议。     

Is the secondary loan market valuable to borrowers?

In recent years, the secondary loan market has developed into an over-the-counter market where loans are not only sold but also subsequently traded. This shift away from traditional banking is altering the business of lending. Loan sales are valuable to banks because they free up capital, generate fee-based income and facilitate risk management; but they may be costly to borrowers because they negatively affect bank monitoring incentives. In this paper, however, we argue that there is another potential benefit to borrowers from loan sales. Borrowers with trading loans, in particular those with liquid loans, may “demand” a share of bank benefits from loan sales when they take out new loans as it will be easier for banks to sell these loans afterwards. We investigate this potential benefit of the secondary loan market by comparing the interest rates borrowers pay before their loans start to trade with the interest rates they pay on loans originated post-trading. Our results show that, on average, borrowers pay higher spreads on the loans they take out after the onset of trading on their loans. Importantly, our results also show that borrowers with liquid trading loans are able to borrow at lower interest rates after the onset of trading on their loans. Thus, while the banks’ decision to sell loans may initially impose a cost on borrowers, those whose loans enter the secondary loan market and become liquid benefit from an interest rate discount on their subsequent loans.     

Impairment and negative equity in the Irish mortgage market

Amongst the many housing markets across the OECD presently experiencing difficulties, the Irish case stands out. Between 2004 and 2007, a significant house price bubble emerged in Ireland, while the real economy was enjoying persistently strong growth rates. The sharp decline in house prices post 2007 coupled with the significant increase in unemployment has generated a combination of difficulties for the Irish residential market. To date, much of the analysis and discussion of the Irish market has tended to focus on either the concept of mortgage repayment distress or potential negative equity. By examining the issue of credit default in the Irish mortgage market, we focus on the interaction between delinquency (repayment distress) and solvency (negative equity). Building on earlier work, which used the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), we marry existing estimates of repayment distress with estimates of negative equity for a representative sample of Irish households. Using copula modelling we then examine the dependence structure across the distributions of mortgage delinquency and solvency for these households. As a result, we are in a position to estimate the probability that a household experiencing repayment distress might also be in negative equity.     

次贷危机阴影下的英国房地产市场

美联储前主席艾伦·格林斯潘在接受英国《金融时报》采访时曾把美国当前的次贷危机评价为二战结束以来最严重的危机。而次贷危机同样也正在向英国房地产市场蔓延。这场危机加上全球经济增长减速,使英国政府措手不及。由于没有历史经验,对于这场危机的深度和广度很难估计,目前英国房价出现持续下跌的趋势。     

Long-term reactions to large stock price declines and increases in the European stock market: a note on market efficiency

This study tests for underreaction and overreaction in European large cap markets by examining the abnormal returns of those stocks in the EuroStoxx 50 Index following large price increases and decreases. We find that large price increases and declines tend to be followed by average market returns. Thus, our results support the efficient market theory, rather than any of the behaviour finance hypotheses. This insight is contrary to price patterns found in various national markets.     

货币反替代及其对中国股市的冲击

货币反替代是指在一国的经济发展过程中,居民在本币坚挺且存在升值趋势下,普遍看好本币的币值或在本币货币资产收益率明显高于外国货币资产收益率时,改变原来对外币的偏好,从而抛售外币资产,持有本币资产,使外币过分集中于中央银行的行为和现象。本文在封“热钱”的内涵进行辨析的基础土,分析货币反替代的目的和渠道,并封1990—2007年货币反替代率进行测度,进而实证检睑货币反替代封中国股市的冲击,研究发现：货币反替代规模较大、流动速度加快、反转性强;货币反替代与国内股票价格正相关,即货币反替代会推动国内股价上涨;当货币反替代出现反转时,则会引起国内股价下跌.     

The nature of credit rationing in the United Kingdom mortgage market

This paper addresses the problem of how to estimate market demand functions for finance in the presence of rationing within the context of the U.K. house mortgage market. Two distinct approaches are outlined. The first, and more traditional, focuses on American studies in which non-price terms are assumed to adjust so as, in combination with price, to produce market clearing. In contrast, the approach used in the present study conjectures that non-interest-rate terms are varied so as to discriminate among borrowers, satisfying some but leaving the market uncleared. Empirical tests, using U.K. data, offer some support for this alternative approach. The paper offers some thoughts on credit rationing, and outlines possible avenues for further research into this important and current topic.     

Strategy switching in the Japanese stock market

This paper investigates the expectation formation process of Japanese stock market professionals. By utilizing a monthly forecast survey dataset on the TOPIX distributed by QUICK Corporation, we sort forecasters into buy-side and sell-side professionals. We empirically demonstrate that the buy-side and sell-side professionals use either fundamental or trend-following strategies throughout their expectation formation processes and that they switch between fundamental and trend-following strategies over time. We also discuss that strategy switching can be key in understanding the persistent deviation of the TOPIX from the fundamentals.