国际直接投资与国际贸易的政策协调

近年来随着国际直接投资和国际贸易融合趋势的增强，二者的政策协调问题越来越引起国际社会的关注，它不仅关系着一国预期政策目标的实现，还影咱着全球公平、统一的投资与贸易环境的形成。世贸组织已为此做出了积极努力，并取得了可喜成果。要进一步协调投资与贸易的关系，在多边贸易体系基础上，构建一个多边投资体系将是一条重要途径，由世贸组织承担此重任则是一种可行的选择。我国也应顺应形势，进一步完善投资立法，加快外资与外贸政策的协调进程。．     

全球贸易自由化下的环境问题与环境政策

在全球贸易自由化的进程中，对环境既产生了正的影响，也产生了负的影响。但贸易不是产生环境问题的根源，所以不能靠制定与贸易有关的环境政策来解决，而应当在环境污染的发生地实施有关的环境政策，使“外部化”了的费用，纳入生产者的成本中，这才是真正的贸易比较优势。     

贸易与环境的协调途径——环境成本内在化

贸易与环境的冲突成为当代国际贸易中的重大的议题。协调贸易与环境冲突的途径就是将环境成本内在化 ,它克服了资源的稀缺性 ,并形成一种可持续性发展的良性循环 ,同时也有利于世界各国特别是广大发展中国家按照环境规则的要求参与国际分工。     

促进环境与贸易协调 构建绿色贸易体系

"十二五"环保规划进一步强调了加强环境与贸易协调的重要意义以及对于实现可持续发展目标的重要作用,同时提出了更加具体的要求和责任落实及保障机制,增加了目标实现的可行性。     

劳务贸易领域中的国际协调问题研究

<正> 在当代国际贸易中,劳务贸易的发展速度逐年增长,在世界贸易总额中的比重不断上升,根据国际货币基金组织的资料,包括投资收入、运输、旅游和其它劳务形式在内的劳务贸易在国际贸易中的比重1977年为22.6%,1987年上升到27.4%。而同期商品贸易则由71.3%下降至66.1%。劳务贸易的迅速发展,越来越深刻地影响世界经济发展的进程。成为国际经济生活的重要内容和尖锐的国际竞争领域。在这种条件下,劳务贸易的国际协调具有重要意义。在国际贸易实践中,自发地形成三种制约劳务贸易的因素;民族立法、双边经贸条约、国际组织制定的公约及其它文件,尽管这些法律、条约和文件包罗万象,也不能囊括劳务贸易的全部领域,特     

Strategic Environmental Policies and the Gains from Trade Liberalization

The literature on strategic environmental policy has not fully addressed welfare effects of trade liberalization from autarky. In a reciprocal market model of duopoly with transboundary pollution, we study how reductions in transport costs and import tariffs affect the Nash‐equilibrium welfare of an environmental policy game as compared to any initial state including autarky. We show three patterns of gainfulness of trade depending on the interaction between marginal damage from pollution and the degree of transboundary pollution.     

发达国家行业组织比较研究

发达国家的行业组织出现很早并一直发挥重大影响。随着经济管理体制改革的深入 ,我国行业组织的发展和培育被提上日程。本文对主要发达国家行业组织的比较研究 ,旨在为这一问题提供一定的借鉴。     

Market Integration and Competition in Environmental and Trade Policies

Recent empirics suggest the relevance of transport cost reductions for world trade growth along with eliminations in protectionist trade barriers. To address the welfare effects of trade cost reductions in a context of ??trade and the environment,?? we develop a two-stage game model where governments choose environmental and trade policies and firms play a Cournot-Nash game. We show that reductions in transport costs lead to lower emission taxes and higher tariffs. And, we find that the degree of pollution damage plays a central role in whether market integration is welfare-improving relative to autarky.     

Do Australian Trade Policies Discriminate Against Less Developed Countries?*

The view that Australian protection discriminates against the less developed countries (LDCs) is examined in this paper. It distinguishes between direct discrimination through tariff preferences and indirect discrimination through inter-commodity differences in rates of protection. The second mechanism proves to be more important. While Australian protection did not discriminate against the LDCs in 1968–49, by 1977–78 it did. This reflects changes in the commodity composition of Australia's imports from the LDC_S.     

Trade and Gains from Trade Between Profit-maximizing and Labour-managed Countries with Imperfect Competition

This paper offers a theoretical analysis of trade and the gains from trade in general equilibrium under imperfect competition by assuming that all firms in one country are of the labour-managed type (maximizing the income of labour) while those in the other country are of the profit-maximizing type. Our main conclusion is that if the labour-managed country is larger than or equal to the profit-maximizing country, the profit-maximizing country exports the imperfectly competitive commodity and gains from trade while the labour-managed country exports the perfectly competitive commodity and may lose from trade.     

中国与发展中国家贸易摩擦再透视

WTO成立以来,发展中国家成为实施贸易救济的新秀。本文较为全面地剖析了发展中国家对华贸易摩擦的特征与加剧原因,并针对性地提出了中国应对发展中国家贸易摩擦的具体方略。     

Endogenous Growth and Trade Liberalization Between Small and Large Countries

The paper combines insight from new trade theory and R&D-based endogenous growth models to argue that there are ambiguous growth effects of trade liberalization between countries that differ in terms of the size of their home markets. In particular, trade liberalization may reduce R&D incentives in countries with low purchasing power without invoking parallel increases in countries with high purchasing power. The paper also considers the case of imperfect international knowledge spillovers, and demonstrates that complete trade liberalization may affect the growth rate negatively.     

Why Do the Gains from Trade Reform Vary Between Countries?

This paper assesses, both theoretically and empirically, the determinants of differential gains from trade policy reform across countries. The theoretical model shows that asymmetrical features of the world economy, including the relative size of the differentiated products sector in each country, the dominance of domestic markets by indigenous producers, trade costs, and the relative importance of exports, all play an important role. Results from a multi-region computable general equilibrium model substantiate the proposition that the initial pattern of asymmetry is relatively more important than scale and varietal effects, despite the fact that the latter have received more attention in the literature.     

Environmental Policies, Comparative Advantage and the Gains/Losses from International Trade

A multihousehold economy with multilateral nondepletable externalities, environmental (output) taxation and governmental production of pure, nonexclusive and nonrivalrous public goods is assumed. Modelling many different households the "almost perfect" isomorphism between the normative analysis of public goods and environmental policies is highlighted. Globally valid necessary and sufficient conditions for gains from international trade are derived and interpreted. A simple yet general environmental policy rule ensuring trade gains is put forward. The law of comparative advantage is generalized to economies with multilateral nondepletable externalities and over or underproduced pure public goods.