University of Texas Roundtable on The State of the U.S. Private Equity Market

In this discussion that took place at the 2017 University of Texas Private Equity conference, the moderator began by noting that since 2000, the fraction of the U.S. GDP produced by companies that are owned or controlled by global private equity firms has increased from 7% to 15%. What's more, today's PE firms have raised an estimated $1.5 trillion of capital that is now available for investing. And thanks in part to this abundance of capital, the prices of PE transactions have increased sharply, with EBITDA pricing multiples rising from about 8.8X in 2012 to 11.5X at the beginning of 2017. Partly as a consequence of such abundant capital and high transaction prices, the aggregate returns to U.S. private equity funds during this four‐year period have fallen below the returns to the stockholders of U.S. public companies. Nevertheless, the good news for private equity investors is that the best‐performing PE firms have continued their long history of outperforming the market. And the consistency of their performance goes a long way toward explaining why the overwhelming majority of the capital contributed by limited partners continues to be allocated to funds put together by these top‐tier PE firms. In this roundtable, a representative of one of these top‐tier firms joins the founder of a relatively new firm with a middle‐market focus in discussing the core competencies and approaches that have enabled the best PE firms to increase the productivity and value of their portfolio companies. Effective financial management—the ability to manage leveraged capital structures and the process of readying their companies for sale to potential strategic or financial investors—is clearly part of the story. But more fundamental and critical to their success has been their ability to find undervalued or undermanaged assets—and either retain or recruit operating managements that, when effectively monitored and motivated, are able to realize the potential value of those assets through changes in strategy and increases in operating efficiency.     

Capital Share Risk in U.S. Asset Pricing

A single macroeconomic factor based on growth in the capital share of aggregate income exhibits significant explanatory power for expected returns across a range of equity characteristic portfolios and nonequity asset classes, with risk price estimates that are of the same sign and similar in magnitude. Positive exposure to capital share risk earns a positive risk premium, commensurate with recent asset pricing models in which redistributive shocks shift the share of income between the wealthy, who finance consumption primarily out of asset ownership, and workers, who finance consumption primarily out of wages and salaries.     

美国银行业资本充足率监管

中国银监会就新资本协议在中国的实施提出"分类指导,分层推进和分步达标"的原则,要求国际业务占相当比例的商业银行--中国工商银行、中国建设银行、招商银行和浦发银行等七家银行从2010起实施新资本协议,这意味着中国银行业资本监管将进一步实现国际化.美国是率先实施新资本协议的国家之一,其银行资本管理经验可为中国银行监管和商业银行资本管理提供参考.     

University of Texas Roundtable on Financing and Managing Energy Investments in a Low‐Price Environment

During the past 18 months, the U.S. oil industry has seen oil prices plunge from well over $100 a barrel to under $30. In a session that was part of a recent Private Equity Conference at the University of Texas in Austin, the CEO of a small independent producer and a representative of a large global oil and gas company discussed the challenges of financing and operating energy companies in today's low‐price environment with the director of energy research at a brokerage firm, the senior partner responsible for the natural resource investments of a well‐known private equity firm, and the head of the oil and gas restructuring practice of a national law firm. The panelists appeared to reach a consensus on at least the following three arguments:

相似文献   

美国应对金融危机的监管法制改革新动向——以《银行控股公司现代化法2009(草案)》为视角

<银行控股公司现代化法2009(草案)>评析 2009年6月18日,美国总统奥巴马公布厂财政部起草的一项名为<金融临管改革-一种全新的堆础:美国金融监管体制的重构>(简称(<金融监管改革>)的方案.该方案包括五部分的内容:一是促进对金融机构的稳健监管;二是对金融市场实施全面监管;三是保护消费者和投资者,防止其遭受金融滥用;四是向政府提供其管理会融危机所需的工具;五是提高国际监管标准井改进国际合作.     

美国金融消费者保护改革的最新动向及启示

2010年7月21日,美国总统奥巴马正式签署了《多德—弗兰克华尔街改革和消费者保护法案》(以下简称《华尔街改革法》),并使其生效成为法律。《华尔街改革法》主要从七大方面对美国金融体系进行了详细的规范,通过一系列详细的规定来切实加强对金融消费者的保护,要求设立新的消费者金融保护署,并赋予其监     

Texas Roundtable on: The Future of Graduate Business School Education

A small group of academics and practitioners discuss the challenges now facing today's business schools. First and foremost is the challenge now being mounted by “online” courses to the traditional methods of classroom lecture and discussion, supplemented in some cases by apprenticeships and other kinds of “experiential” learning. How will traditional universities burdened with high and rising fixed costs for buildings and faculty compete with very low‐cost competitors—programs that reportedly have enabled star lecturers to reach audiences that, in some cases, have exceeded 100,000 students? In assessing the seriousness of the challenge, the panelists start by attempting to articulate what is valuable in current business school education—valuable enough to enable the best business schools to command as much as $175,000 for two‐year (or shorter) programs that confer MBAs. Much of the discussion focuses on establishing the relative importance of the disciplines, or body of knowledge, that are taught in business schools, as compared to the development of “collaborative” habits and interpersonal skills aimed at enabling students to make more effective use of their knowledge within large organizations. Some of the panelists, notably Jeff Sandefer, founder of the (now ten‐year old) Acton School of Business, argue that far too much of today's business school curriculum is devoted to the classroom and conventional learning. And many of the changes in the top business schools during the past decade appear to reflect Sandefer's charges. But, to the extent there is a consensus among the other panelists, it is that the best business schools will continue to try to accomplish both of these goals, though with varying degrees of effectiveness, while most schools attempt to maintain their specialized capabilities, and carve out distinctive niches based on them. For some schools, such specialization is likely to mean continued emphasis on theory and classroom learning—though almost certainly with more attention to practical application and collaborative decision‐making. For other schools, the main focus will continue to be the development of general management and leadership skills.     

University of Texas Roundtable on The Role of Private Equity in the Financing and Restructuring of Oil and Gas Companies

In this second of two University of Texas roundtables, four highly successful veterans of the U.S. energy industry, with considerable experience running both public and private companies, discuss recent developments in this rapidly evolving industry. Among the most remarkable—and a major focus of this discussion—is the dramatic expansion of the output and productivity of the Permian Basin of West Texas, and the role of private equity in accomplishing it. Although the Permian has been a major source of oil and gas since 1920, the combination of massive horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has contributed to a tripling of production volumes from about 800,000 barrels per day to 2.5 million during the past ten years. In fact, the productivity gains are said to be so great that, even with the huge run‐up in the cost of acquiring acreage (to as high as $40,000 per acre), today's producers are projecting annual operating returns of 20% even if oil prices fail to rise above their current level of about $50 a barrel. What's more, there appears to have been a fairly clear division of labor between private and public companies in this recent development of the Permian. With most of the high‐priced acreage now being acquired by larger public companies, the primary role of private equity has been to identify and make good on opportunities to increase the productivity and value of smaller operations that can then be sold to public companies—companies that have the size and access to capital to benefit from the economies of scale produced by combining them with their other operations. Thanks to their earlier position in the value chain, investments by private equity groups have generally not only produced higher payoffs, on average, but involved larger operating and financial risks. And this difference in risk profile is reflected in a notable difference in hedging practices between public and private equity‐controlled companies. This difference was summed up as follows by a private equity partner who has also run several public oil and gas companies: To a much greater extent in private equity than in public companies, we think of our projects and companies as delivering value that is largely independent of changes in oil prices. Hedging is our way of saying we don't want to take oil price risk if we don't have to. We do not count on price increases to make our required returns. The returns come from operating the company successfully without the help of commodity prices.     

Trends,Cycles and Convergence in U.S. Regional House Prices

In this study we present a statistical analysis of the time series properties of the geographic regions in the OFHEO U.S. house price database. The time period for our study is first quarter 1975 through second quarter 2005. We perform an unobserved components, structural time series analysis of nine regional indexes and two super-regional factors and fit a classic “smooth trend plus cycle” model. We then apply bivariate unit root tests for absolute and relative convergence of the regions and factors, allowing for the possibility of a structural break. We find the two super-regions have slightly different patterns of trends and cycles until the early to mid-1990s, when a common pattern of strong and sustained price appreciation is seen. The evidence for regional convergence is mixed, with little for the first super-regional factor and some examples of relative convergence within the second factor. Thus support for a simple error correction model for regional house prices in our study is mixed.     

安然事件后美国注册会计师行业监管立法的最新动向

安然事件发生后,注册会计师行业的监管问题引起了美国各界的空前关注.其中,最为引人注目、对美国注册会计师行业影响最大的将是美国国会通过立法对注册会计师行业监管提出的改革要求.     

风险投资中的企业估值问题研究

估值是风险投资中的核心环节。本文综合比较了红利贴现法、股权自由现金流贴现法、经济增加值贴现法、市盈率法、市净率法五种估值方法,探讨了这五种估值方法的优劣和行业适用性。在此基础上,构建了基于产业演进阶段和行业周期性的二维估值方法选择模型。本文还分析了企业家才能、人力资本、核心技术、市场占有、特有资源等企业核心竞争力因素在企业生命周期各阶段中所发挥的作用,提出了在财务估值基础上进行估值水平调整的思路。通过对上述内容的研究,本文为破解投资实践中的估值难题提供一种解决途径。     

Morgan Stanley Roundtable on Capital Structure and Payout Policy

A group of finance academics and practitioners discusses a number of topical issues in corporate financial management: Is there such a thing as an optimal, or value‐maximizing, capital structure for a given company? What proportion of a firm's current earnings should be distributed to the firm's shareholders? And under what circumstances should such distributions take the form of stock repurchases rather than dividends? The consensus that emerged was that a company's financing and payout policies should be designed to support its business strategy. For growth companies, the emphasis is on preserving financial fl exibility to carry out the business plan, which means heavy reliance on equity financing and limited payouts. But for companies in mature industries with few major investment opportunities, more aggressive use of debt and higher payouts can add value by reducing taxes and controlling the corporate “free cash flow problem.” Both leveraged financing and cash distributions through dividends and stock buybacks represent a commitment by management to shareholders that the firm's excess cash will not be wasted on projects that produce growth at the expense of profitability. As for the choice between dividends and stock repurchases, dividends appear to provide a stronger commitment to pay out excess cash than open market repurchase programs. Stock buybacks, at least of the open market variety, preserve a higher degree of managerial fl exibility for companies that want to be able to capitalize on unpredictable investment opportunities. But, as with the debt‐equity decision, there is an optimal level of financial fl exibility; too little can mean lost investment opportunities but too much can lead to overinvestment.     

创投风向标

2012年VC和pE行业将面临洗牌阶段,对于那些具有比较好业绩、团队和品牌的投资方,肯定是有利的。而企业对上市的估值预期以及企业对融资的估值预期,应该有一个下降。"金融机构要创新商业模式、积极探索对战略性新兴产业的投资市场的机制,要充分利用我国体制优势,加强与政府、企业和科技界的合作,组织力量对战略型新兴产业的关键技术进行突破。"科技部火炬中心副主任、中国科技金融促进会风险投资专业委员会秘书长修小平女士在日前举     

基于PPP模式的险资参与投资基建的研究探讨

2016年保监会新规颁布以来,保险资金投资基础设施项目得到进一步支持。保险资金投资渠道的多元化深化了保险基金和实体经济的对接,同时还缓解了保险公司近年来面临的再配置压力。2017年2月中国保险资产管理业协会发布通知,关于召开第四十八期IAMAC圆桌论坛--银保携手介入PPP模式探究圆桌论坛。PPP合作项目的持续升温,其项目本身特点与险资属性有着共同的契合特征,使得业界对于险资投资PPP项目更为关注。本文论述险资投资PPP项目的优势及现状,基于此出发点对其可行性进行论证,并对在实施过程中的风险识别和控制进行研究探讨,最后提出发展建议。     

风险投资基金对企业治理结构的影响

在风险企业从无到有、从小到大的发展过程中,风险投资基金不仅为基提供资金,而且对其公司治理结构的影响甚大.风险投资基金参与风险企业的公司治理主要是通过一系列契约进行的.     

CARE/CEASA Roundtable on: Liquidity and Capital Management

Five distinguished banking and accounting scholars explore the role of liquidity at not only the “macro” level of the economy, but also at the level of individual companies. The first of the four main speakers, who is the author of the preceding article, restates his argument that the stability of financial systems can be increased by directing bank regulators and executives to find the optimal combination of liquidity and capital requirements. The second of the four speakers shifts the focus to liquidity management by non‐financial companies, with particular emphasis on their use of lines of credit and their role in helping companies weather the financial crisis. The third speaker places liquidity in the context of capital markets, and presents suggestive evidence that improvements in corporate disclosure and transparency have beneficial effects on both the level and volatility of liquidity in those markets. The panel is rounded out by a discussion of liquidity in corporate bond markets and the proposal of a new way to measure such liquidity.     

基于创业投资资本利得的税收激励政策研究

创业投资收益主要体现在资本利得上,本文应用了Keuschnigg-Nielsen模型证明了创业投资与资本利得课税成反向关系,研究发现对资本利得税课税越重,对创业投资活动就越具有抑制作用.因此不少国家或地区纷纷制定了针对资本利得的税收激励政策,对创业投资的发展起到积极的推动作用.文章最后指出了对我国设计针对创业投资资本利得的税收激励政策的启示.