Implementing international standards for Information Security Management in China and Europe: a comparative multi-case study

The leading international standards for information security management, ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002 originate from the UK, but are applied worldwide. This paper explores whether the processes of selection, implementation and use of these interrelated standards differ between China and Europe by studying cases of Chinese and European companies. Chinese companies face some additional problems with the standards but manage to get them successfully implemented in a short period of time. Main differences relate to governance and management of standard adoption. This study is innovative in the method used for standardisation research (comparative multi-case study), and the topic: implementation and impact of information security management standards.     

质量管理体系对人力资源管理的要求

建立在TQM思想上的ISO90 0 0 (2 0 0 0 )质量管理体系明确了组织中人力资源管理的重要性。本文在分析人力资源基本特征的基础上 ,讨论了质量管理体系对人力资源管理在人员参与管理、人员能力和意识管理及人员培训管理方面的要求 ,对于组织建立和完善质量管理体系并提高人力资源管理水平具有一定的理论指导意义。     

论高等教育质量管理移植ISO9000族标准

随着中国高等教育进入大众化教育阶段,高校教育质量问题日益成为人们关注的焦点。近年来,不管是在理论探讨还是实践操作中,高校引用ISO9000族标准进行质量管理开始成为一种时尚和潮流,认为在移植ISO9000族标准时必须考虑教育领域的特点,正视ISO9000族标准与教育活动的特点存在的冲突,遵循教育发生发展的规律。     

认真贯彻质量标准,全面提高施工质量

通过ISO9000认证是企业实力的体现,也是参与国际竞争的需要,越来越多的企业通过或正在参与,但在实际中缺乏有效实施,本文从质量管理体系的基本理论,实施中存在的问题入手,进行分析,提出全面提高施工质量的几点建议。     

ISO9000的应用对企业管理模式及人际关系带来的变革

ISO9000质量管理体系的口号是“写你所做的,做你所写的,提出证据”。实施ISO9000管理体系往往会对企业中人际关系和管理模式带来深刻的影响。“写你所做的”让企业的每个人制定规范来约束自己;“做你所写的”使主宰企业运作的不再是人的意志,而是一种客观的、不带个人情感的规范;“提出证据”使企业的管理由别人的监督逐渐变为自我负责。     

税收管理引入ISO理念批判

建立ISO9000税收质量管理体系是一项复杂的系统工程,需要全体人员的共同参与才能构建、运作起来,并发挥其效用。税收征管工作错综复杂,新情况、新问题层出不穷,希望通过“贯标”工作来解决所有问题的想法是不客观的,也是不现实的。在客观条件尚不具备的情况下急于将ISO9000标准引入到税收管理中必然会造成新的管理模式与传统模式发生冲撞而产生诸多的矛盾,并进而影响现行的税收工作。     

服务品牌资产驱动模型研究——基于多维互动质量的视角

顾客、员工与企业之间的互动是培育服务品牌资产的重要平台。本文将互动质量分为员工-顾客互动质量、企业-顾客互动质量和企业-员工互动质量3个维度,构建了一个基于多维互动质量的服务品牌资产驱动模型,通过对广州市代表性服务企业进行实证研究发现:企业-顾客互动质量与企业-员工互动质量密切相关,企业-员工互动质对员工-顾客互动质量有直接影响,三维互动质量通过顾客价值和顾客满意对服务品牌资产有显著影响。     

Trade and the impact of innovations and standards: the case of Germany and the UK

The effects of patents as indicators for innovations and standards on German trade performance are analysed in general and German–British trade in detail. The latter analysis goes a step further than the approach of Swann et al. () and is based on a broader and more detailed database. The results show that Germany's export performance can primarily be explained by its innovative capacity and only to a small extent by its strength in standards. Furthermore, the results underscore the common view of the trade-fostering effect of international standards, while ‘idiosyncratic' standards have ambiguous effects on exports.     

增强企业社会责任 提高国际竞争力——基于国际认证标准的“人文化”趋势

将ISO9000I、SO14000和SA8000统一起来分析可以看出它们所包含的"人文化"的内容有不断增强的趋势。国际认证标准的"人文化"增强的趋势,反映了社会经济协调发展的客观要求;又是比反倾销、反补贴等更易于为西方消费者接受的贸易保护措施。分析国际认证标准的"人文化"趋势,有利于提出企业提高社会责任的措施,以促进国际竞争力的提高。     

Competing risk model for mobile phone service

Since the Korean government implemented the “Number Portability System” in the domestic mobile communications market, mobile communication companies have been striving to hold onto existing customers and at the same time to attract new customers. This paper presents a competing risk model that considers the characteristics of a customer in order to predict the customer's mean residual life under the “Number Portability System.” Competing causes for churning considered are pricing policy, quality of communication, and usefulness of service. It has been observed that the customers who pay more are less sensitive to pricing policy; younger people are less sensitive than older people to the change of the quality of communication; and women are more sensitive than men in terms of usefulness of service. We expect that the result of this study can be used as a guideline for effective management of mobile phone customers under the number portability system.     

German Exchange Rate Exposure at DAX and Aggregate Levels, International Trade and the Role of Exchange Rate Adjustment Costs

Abstract. This article analyses value changes of German stock market companies in response to movements of the US dollar. The approach followed in this work extends the standard means of measuring exchange rate exposure in several ways, e.g. by using multifactor modelling instead of augmented Capital Asset Pricing Model, application of moving window panel regressions and orthogonalization of overall market risk vis-à-vis currency risk. A further innovation lies in testing the theoretical implications of exchange rate adjustment costs (hedging costs) for firm values and economic exposure. Based on time series and panel data of German Deutsche Aktien Xchange companies, Deutsche Mark/dollar rates and macroeconomic factors, we find a rather unstable, time-variant exposure of German stock market companies. Dollar sensitivity is positively affected by the ratio of exports/gross domestic product (GDP) and negatively affected by imports/GDP. Moreover, as expected from theoretical findings, firm values and exchange rate exposure are significantly reduced by adjustment costs depending on the distance of the exchange rate from the expected long-run mean.     

在同质业务中构建期货公司的优质客户服务体系

期货公司的业务同质性导致客户服务的同质性,从而加剧了期货市场的低水平恶性竞争。通过细分客户市场,针对不同的客户提供个性化服务,从客户服务流程和客户服务人员两个方面,在同质业务中构建期货公司的优质客户服务体系。     

External knowledge sourcing for R&D activities: antecedents and implications of governance mode choice

This paper investigates how internal and external factors affect the choice between alliances and joint ventures (A&;JVs) and mergers and acquisitions (M&;As) for the external sourcing of research and development (R&;D) activities, and whether or not such a choice is really contingent, that is, is it the best choice in terms of its impact on firms' innovative performance under those circumstances? We build a set of hypotheses based on both the transaction-cost theory and the resource-based view, and test them through a secondary data source analysis. We found that companies adopt either R&;D M&;A or A&;JV depending on internal (e.g. resources and capabilities, innovation experience) and external (e.g. degree of industry specialisation) factors. Surprisingly, this contingent choice turns to be effective on innovative performance only for the internal factors, rather than the external. This paper contributes to inter-firm relationships literature by presenting the real advantages of using integrated and contingency theoretical models to understand contingent decisions.     

PUBLIC SERVICE PERSPECTIVES ON REFORMS OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION AND SUPPLY: A MODULAR ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT ** : This article analyzes organizational change in electricity distribution and retail businesses and its impact on public service issues. Organizational change has resulted from the European electricity directives, especially the EU Electricity directive 2003/54/EC , which has imposed major transformations on these activities, requiring legal unbundling of electricity distribution networks by 1 July 2007. Organizational change has also resulted from an adaptation of companies to the newly competitive environment. This has led to a diversity of organizational choices across Europe. We analyze this diversity by using a modular approach, which decomposes reforms in electricity distribution and retail into logical ‘blocks’. We then examine how European countries have dealt with two policy and regulatory issues related to customer protection in that new environment: the regulation of quality of distribution, which is a task of regulators, and energy affordability policies for vulnerable customers, which are a central aspect of public service policies in the electricity sector.     

From less promising to green? Technological opportunities and their role in (green) ICT innovation

This article aims to shed light on the role of technological opportunities for green innovation by studying the case of Green ICT innovation. We test whether firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less likely to be innovative and whether they are more likely to change their direction of technical change. To do so, we construct a firm-level panel data set for the years 1992–2009 combining patent data from the European Patent Office with firm-level data from the German Innovation Panel (Mannheim Innovation Panel). The results are based on dynamic count data estimation models applying General Methods of Moments estimators. Our results support our hypotheses: firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less innovative but are more likely to switch from pure ICT innovation to Green ICT innovation.     

技术创新的催化剂:差异化战略——动态网络能力与数字化转型桥梁与变革机制

在中国式现代化的背景下,如何发挥科技创新作为现代化的核心动力成为关键议题。本文以2011—2021年我国上市公司为研究对象,深入探讨并分析差异化战略在技术创新中的作用机制。结果发现,企业差异化战略的强度与技术创新成果之间存在显著正向关联,这种影响主要通过动态网络能力的构建与数字化转型机制的引入而实现。此外,环境的不确定性对差异化战略影响企业技术创新产生负向调节作用。拓展研究发现,差异化战略在提升企业创新质量方面的效果较为有限,尤其是在优质专利指数等创新质量评价标准上的提升表现相对减弱。研究结论为优化动态网络能力、深化数字化转型、克服技术障碍,以实现符合中国式现代化要求的目标提供了实质性的理论支撑和指导。     

Do people tip strategically,to improve future service? Theory and evidence

Abstract.  A central question about tipping is whether people tip strategically, to improve future service, or only because tipping is a social norm. I present a theoretical model that incorporates psychological utility associated with tipping (because it is a social norm) and allows tipping to be motivated also by future service considerations. The model predicts that if future service is a reason for tipping, the sensitivity of tips to service quality should be higher for repeating customers than for non-repeating ones. Surveys of 597 restaurant customers are analysed and suggest that future service is not a reason for tipping.     

会计准则改革与会计质量的改进研究

以新企业会计准则实施前后各一年为研究区间,以一般上市公司为研究样本,针对会计准则和会计质量的变化进行实证研究。建立有关模型,对2006年和2007年的样本公司进行了实证分析。结果表明,新准则在提高价值相关性方面有贡献,也提高了大额亏损确认的频率。但新准则在盈余管理控制上并没能起到显著的效果。因此,新准则对公司会计质量的提高作用是有限的。     

Explanatory factors for participation in formal standardisation processes: Empirical evidence at firm level

In contrast to the long tradition of empirical research into the innovation activities and R&D collaboration of companies, the issue of standardisation has been analysed mostly in theoretical approaches. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the participation of German companies in formal standards development organisations. It becomes clear that company size has a significant positive effect on the probability of a participation in standardisation. We focus further on two aspects, on R&D as input and export intensity as performance indicator, in order to explain the likelihood to join formal standardisation processes. Both the R&D intensity and the export activities exhibit an inverse U relationship. Obviously, even participating in standardisation processes requires a certain absorptive capacity, but R&D and export intensive companies expect more disadvantages, like unintended knowledge spill-overs, from joining formal standardisation processes and, therefore, stay away. In addition, export activities increase the likelihood to join formal standardisation processes up to a certain level, although companies with very high export shares expect less benefit from joining formal standardisation processes. Finally, some policy conclusions are derived.     

Demand for ISO 14001 adoption in the global supply chain: An empirical analysis focusing on environmentally conscious markets

This paper analyzes the environmental preferences and pressures of customers in environmentally conscious markets influencing the number of adoptions of ISO 14001—the international standard certified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) concerning an Environmental Management System (EMS)—in a country. Customers in different countries have different priorities and ideas with regard to the environment and its management, and therefore it is possible that environmental preferences and pressures of customers in environmentally conscious markets are greater, although many earlier studies suggest that foreign customers generally form a significant stakeholder group encouraging the adoption of ISO 14001. A random-effects Tobit estimation using a sample of 155 countries over eight years supports the view that the environmental preferences and pressures of customers in environmentally conscious markets (including Finland, Japan, Germany and Denmark) are more likely to encourage domestic along with foreign suppliers to adopt ISO 14001. As it is easier for firms in environmentally conscious markets to adopt ISO 14001 because of their better economic performance, they have already adopted certification and consequently require their domestic and foreign suppliers to do likewise in the global supply chain. For this reason, suppliers wishing to access environmentally conscious markets can obtain an advantage with ISO 14001 certification.