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1.
Currency unions and trade: The special case of EMU 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, the impact of the adoption of the euro on the commercial transactions of EMU countries is investigated. It
seeks to disentangle the effects of eliminating exchange rate volatility — and those of other policy factors that promote
integration — from the influence of the emergence of the European currency union. Since EMU is a relatively new phenomenon,
a panel estimation of the gravity equation in a dynamic framework is used in order to capture effects like trade persistence.
The main finding is that the adoption of the euro has had a positive but not an exorbitant impact on bilateral trade between
European countries (ranging between 9 and 10 per cent). The impact is much lower than that shown in the recent literature
on a larger and heterogeneous set of countries. One reason for this divergence seems to be that the euro was adopted after
decades of integration policies had already worked through in Europe. JEL no. F4, F15, C230 相似文献
2.
Mario C. Zejan 《Review of World Economics》1989,125(4):814-833
Zusammenfassung Firmeninterner Handel und schwedische multinationale Unternehmen. — In diesem Aufsatz werden verschiedene Hypothesen zu den
Bestimmungsgründen des firmeninternen Handels getestet, wobei einmalige Firmendaten schwedischer multinationaler Unternehmen
benutzt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, da\ die Neigung ausl?ndischer Filialen, von den Mutterfirmen zu importieren, positiv
mit der Forschungsintensit?t des gesamten multinationalen Unternehmens korreliert ist. Einfuhrbeschr?nkungen des Gastlandes
haben eine erhebliche negative Wirkung auf die Importe der Filiale von der Mutterfirma. Diese scheinen auch mit dem ProKopf-Einkommen
im Gastland zuzunehmen. Die internationalen Reserven des Gastlandes schlie\lich, die herangezogen werden, um m?gliche Anreize
für eine Manipulation der Transferpreise zu erfassen, führen zu keinen eindeutigen Ergebnissen.
Résumé Commerce intra-entreprise et les entreprises multinationales suédoises. — Les auteurs testent plusieurs hypothèses concernant les déterminants du commerce intra-entreprise en utilisant des données uniques du niveau d’entreprise pour des firmes multinationales suédoises. Les résultats suggèrent qu’il y a une relation positive entre les tendances des sociétés affiliées étrangères à importer les biens des sociétés mère et l’intensité de recherche de l’entière entreprise multinationale. Les politiques des gouvernements d’h?te qui visent à restreindre les importations ont un effet significatif et négatif sur les importations des sociétés affiliées. Ces importations semblent accro?tre avec le revenu par capita du pays d’h?te. Finalement, les réserves internationales du pays d’h?te qui sont introduites comme variable approximative des incitations possibles à une manipulation des prix de transfert ne produisent pas de résultats conclusifs.
Resumen Comercio intracompa?ía y las multinationales suecas. — Varias hipótesis sobre las determinantes del comercio intracompa?ía son sometidas a un test empírico utilizando datos a nivel de empresa para multinationales suecas. Los resultados sugieren que la propensidad de las filiales de importar de sus casas matrices está positivamente correlacionada con la intensidad de investigatión de la empresa multinational. Las políticas de importaciones restrictivas por parte de los gobiernos de los países donde operan las filiales tienen un impacto negativo significativo sobre las importaciones de la filial provenientes de la casa matriz. Las importaciones parecen aumentar con el ingreso per capita del país donde operan las filiales. Finalmente, las reservas internationales del país donde operan la filial, variable introducida para captar posibles incentivos para manipulaciones en los precios del comercio intracompania, arrojan resultados no concluyentes.相似文献
3.
Efficiency wages, trade unions, and employment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper integrates union bargaining into an efficiency modelwith imperfect monitoring of worker performance. The model isused to examine the effects of an increase in the benefit replacementratio on wages, employment, and effort. It is shown that, incontrast to both standard shirking and trade union models, theseeffects are all ambiguous. In particular, if unions have somebargaining strength, a higher replacement ratio may reduce wagesand increase employment Whenever employment is increased thelevel of effort falls. 相似文献
4.
5.
《The Scandinavian economic history review / [the Scandanavian Society for Economic and Social History and Historical Geography]》2012,60(2):175-179
Abstract For many years our image of economic conditions in 16th-century Sweden has been that depicted by Eli F. Heckscher: a medieval economy, reorganised by a central government of increasing authority in the person of King Gustav Vasa, and gradually transformed after his death in 1560. Sweden's foreign trade appeared to Heckscher as a particular example of his general rule. Its role in the national economy as a whole was very small: such commodities as were imported in exchange for exports were for the most part luxury goods; the only notable exception was the import of salt, to which Heckscher assigned extreme importance, because a vast consumption of salted food featured in his concept of the Swedish ‘medieval’ pattern of overall consumption. Heckscher saw no reason to postulate any major changes in the form and direction of Swedish trade during the reign of Gustav Vasa himself (1521–60); on the contrary, a theme vigorously argued in his book is that the political liberation of Sweden from the influence of Liibeck in the 1530s did not produce any shift of trade routes: most Swedish foreign trade still went via Lübeck. The customs ledgers of a single year, 1559, had an important influence on Heckscher's views. 相似文献
6.
Trade unions are typically able to convert their industrial power into political power. We show that, depending on the constellation of parameters, stronger trade unions may improve welfare in terms of an increase in aggregate employment and output if they successfully lobby for lower trade barriers set by the government. 相似文献
7.
Nicoli Nattrass 《Development Southern Africa》2004,21(1):87-108
Addressing Aids and unemployment is one of the greatest challenges facing South Africa at present. Health and welfare interventions will be costly and are likely to meet with resistance from taxpayers. Expanding employment (which will help alleviate poverty and expand the pool of taxpayers) is thus necessary. An inclusive social accord could help, but only if organised labour is prepared to make concessions, as was the case in the new social accords in Australia, Ireland and the Netherlands. 相似文献
8.
This article looks at the political economy of social democraticeconomic policies. It focuses on those policies that seek toextend democracy to the social and economic spheres and examineswhy such experiments have met with limited success in the past.It compares external constraints on the viability of such policies,such as the freedom of capital movements and globalization,with internal constraints. Since social democratic policiesrely on promoting coordination and cooperation between economicagents and groups, it is argued that an important, but oftenneglected, internal constraint is the extent to which socialdemocracy can draw upon, or, if they are lacking, foster thoseinstitutions within society which promote coordination and cooperation.The paper examines in detail the social democratic experienceof PASOK in Greece and draws some conclusions for the widerrelevance of the future viability of social democratic economicpolicies. 相似文献
9.
Using a large longitudinal data set, we study the effects ofincreased trade on earnings in the Swedish labor market. Earningsrespond significantly to changes in industry sales, whethergenerated by domestic market forces or international trade:Swedish exports (imports) raise (lower) annual earnings, butchanges in trade affect earnings just as any other shift inmarket conditions. We also examine whether the effects of tradevary by skill. We do not find systematic differences in theeffects of trade across the skill distribution. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines differences in welfare implications between a free trade area (FTA) and a customs union (CU) for member countries differing in their market sizes. In a stylized three-country model of trade under oligopoly, we take into account the conditions that FTA members set external tariffs to induce their exporting firms to comply with rules of origin (ROO) within the trade bloc. This approach rules out trade deflection and regime switches in forming an effective FTA. The key findings are as follows: (i) Unless the difference in market size is too large and ROO are too restrictive, an FTA can be welfare-improving to countries with market size differential. (ii) The formation of a preferential trade agreement (either an FTA or a CU) is more likely to emerge between countries of similar market size. However, forming a CU allows for a greater degree of market size asymmetry than forming an FTA. (iii) Compared to the pre-PTA equilibrium, the greater reductions in external tariffs under an FTA than under a CU remain valid even for the case with market size asymmetry and preferential ROO. As such, a non-member country is relatively better off under an FTA. (iv) World welfare is higher under an FTA than under a CU when the market size asymmetry is moderate and ROO are less restrictive. 相似文献
11.
Apicha Chutipongpisit 《Australian economic history review》2022,62(3):211-233
This article recounts the story of the Siamese rice trade during the interwar years. Many previous studies tend to focus on the Great Depression in 1929 and the decline in the Siamese rice trade. However, export statistics show that Siam continued to export large volumes of rice during this period. This article examines the Siamese rice export patterns and highlights how instrumental Western and Japanese firms were in determining the destinations to which the rice was shipped. It also explores business strategies in response to interwar market conditions that helped the Siamese rice trade survive. 相似文献
12.
The economic policies of Swedish Social Democrats were not theproduct of one centralized authority but, rather, a series ofinitiatives influenced by many political actors and inspiredby egaliatarian preferences. We focus on three policy areas.First, the welfare state is a central achievement of SocialDemocracy. Although its expansion is over, it has cemented SocialDemocracy's position in power and is still popular among theelectorate. Second, the labour-market model is in crisis. Thecentralized Rehn-Meidner model is not working, coordinationof wage bargaining has turned out to be difficult, and the tradeunions' radical politics of the 1970s alienated Swedish employersfrom social concertation. Finally, macroeconomic managementhas had to struggle with inflationary pressures, and the overheatingof the late 1980s and the subsequent deflationary shock ledto a sharp increase in unemployment in the 1990s. Many of theseproblems are related to Social Democracy's internal strains. 相似文献
13.
Review of World Economics - 相似文献
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15.
Labour legislation is the unique device governments use to lay down standards and conventions in the workplace and to control industrial relations. Using focused interviews with unionists, government officials, employers and other relevant parties, this field study investigated the way in which labour legislation in Botswana affects the organisation of the country's federation of unions. The findings indicate that the BFTU's organisation is affected by the Trade Union and Employers Organisation Act. In particular, the restric‐ tions in this Act separate policy and administration in the BFTU and this has had negative implications for the union's effectiveness. The fact that its policymaking body is part‐time negatively affects coordination, communication and cooperation processes in the BFTU. According to the Act, public sector workers are not technically employees and therefore cannot belong to unions. This gives the impression that the state is not particularly convinced about the benefits of unionisation. This may create a difficult environment in which the BFTU and other unions must operate. 相似文献
16.
Social trust can facilitate access to alternative sources of finance to firms when formal finance is scarce or entails large transaction costs, especially in economies with less developed financial systems. Since exporting firms are relatively more dependent on external finance, we find that high levels of social trust in an economy with a relatively less developed financial sector have positive effects on exports. We combine the World Values Survey that provides information on social values and the UN Comtrade data for the period 1995–2007. Our analysis is carried out at the level of bilateral trade in 2-digit and 3-digit digit industry classifications that not only allows controlling for industry-level heterogeneities but also mitigates concerns of potential reverse causality. 相似文献
17.
The assessment: trade and location 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper gives an overview of different analyses of the effectsof globalization on industrial location. It suggests that comparativeadvantage is inadequate to explain several aspects of the changingpatterns of trade and location, and that it needs to supplementedby approaches based on new economic geography and theories ofcumulative causation. 相似文献
18.
一、国际贸易合同欺诈在中国的表现 国际贸易合同欺诈是指合同一方当事人或中介公司利用合同当事人之间分处不同国家,相互间缺乏了解,以“影子公司”的名义和对方当事人签订国际贸易合同,造成合同的名义主体和实际主体不符而逃避可能出现的风险和法律责任,最终达到欺诈对方当事人的目的。 相似文献
19.
《The Scandinavian economic history review / [the Scandanavian Society for Economic and Social History and Historical Geography]》2012,60(2):45-62
Abstract During the post-war period profound changes have occurred in the cluster of institutions and organisations called “The Swedish Model”. This article deals with those changes and with their interplay with other social changes. More specific, changes in the system for industrial vocational training, an early and cherished domain for the Swedish model-type of co-operation, are related to transforming industrial structure and to changes in industrial work organisation. The article results in an economichistorical explanation of how the very centrally managed model of the 1960s was transformed to a more local one. 相似文献
20.
Susanna Thede 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2018,15(4):787-802
The purpose of this paper is to study the role of social insurance design in a comparative-advantage model of offshoring and trade. To do so, we incorporate social insurance into a modified version of the Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (Am Econ Rev 98(5):1978–1997, 2008) model by formalizing its administrative, compensation, cost, labor-supply and productivity effects. The compensation and productivity effects, which are novel, give rise to important offshoring and trade implications that can contribute to explain how social insurance provision can be sustained under globalization pressure and why similar globalization pressure can lead to different skill premia developments in Western economies. 相似文献